Efek Relaksasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pugun Tanoh (Curanga Fel-Terrae (Lour) Merr.) Terhadap Otot Polos Trakea Marmut Terisolasi Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Fosfodiesterase
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alsagaff, H. (2010). Dasar-dasar Ilmu Penyakit Paru. Surabaya: Universitas
Airlangga Pressa.
American Lung Association (ALA). (2012). Trends in Asthma Morbidity and
Mortality. Washington D.C: American Lung Association Epidemiology
and Statistics Unit Research and Health Education Division. Hal. 2.
Anonim. (2007). Picria fel-terrae Merr. Tanggal akses 18 Mei 2014.
http://www.globinmed.com/IMRContent/detail.aspx?id=BOT00054
Anonim. (2009). Picria fel-terrae Lour. Tanggal akses 2 Juli 2013.
http://www.proseanet.org/prohati2/browser.php?docsid=459
Anonim. (2011). Medicinal plant: Sagai-uak. Tanggal akses 18 Mei 2014.
http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/bpioldsite1/medicinalplant_s.php
Astuti, P., Yunus, F., Antariksa, B., dan Ratnawati. (2011). Prevalensi dan Gejala
Klinis Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) pada Pasien Asma. Journal
Indonesia Medical Association. 61(7): 273-279.
Azadmehr, A., Hajiaghaee, R., Zohal, M.A., dan Maliji, G. (2013). Protective
Effects of Scrophularia striata in Ovalbumin-induced Mice Asthma
Model. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 21(56): 1-7.
Barnes, P.J. (1993). Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Airways. European
Respiratory Journal. 6(1): 328-331
Barnes, P.J. (1995). Cyclic Nucleotides and Phosphodiesterases and Airway
Function. European Respiratory Journal. 8(1): 457-462.
Boskabady, M.H., Keyhanmanesh, R., dan Saadatloo, M.A.E. (2008). Relaxant
Effects of Different Fractions from Nigella sativa L. on Guineapig
Tracheal Chains and Its Possible Mechanism(s). Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology. 46(12): 805-810.
Carron, R., Sanz, E., Puebla, P., Martin, M.L., Roman, L.S., dan Guerrero, M.F.
(2010). Mechanisms of Relaxation Induced by Flavonoid Ayanin in
Isolated Aorta Rings from Wistar Rats. Colombia Medica. 41(1): 1-7.
Cheriet, T., Aouabdia, S., Mancini, I., Defant, A., Seghiri, R., Boumaza, O.,
Mekkiou, R., Sarri, D., Leon, F., Brouard, I., Benayache, F., dan
Benayache, S. (2014). Chemical constituents of Linaria reflexa Desf.
(Scrophulariaceae). Scholars Research Library. 6(1): 54-57.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Choi, J.R., Lee, C.M., Jung, I.D., Lee, C.S., Jeong, Y.I., Chang, J.H, Park, H.J.,
Choi, I.W., Kim, J.S., Shin, Y.K., Park, S.N., dan Park, Y.M. (2009).
Apigenin Protects Ovalbumin-induced Asthma Through The Regulation
of GATA-3 Gene. International Immunopharmacology.9(7): 918-924.
Depkes RI. (1979). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi III. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI.
Depkes RI. (1995). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi IV. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI.
Ditjen POM. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid VI. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI. Hal. 300- 306, 321, 325, 333-337.
Ditjen POM. (2000) Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta:
Departemen Kesehatan RI. Hal. 3-5.
Farnsworth, N.R. (1966). Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants.
J. Pharm. Sci. 55 (3): 264.
Fawcett, D.W. (2002). Buku Ajar Histologi. Jakarta: EGC. Hal. 257.
Fenneck, R. (2007). Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and The Cardiovascular System.
Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 7(6): 203207.
Gosens, R., Zaagsma, J., Meurs, H., dan Halayko, A.J. (2006). Muscarinic
Receptor Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Asthma and COPD.
Respiratory Research. 7(73): 1-15.
Hajare, R., Darvhekar, V.M., Shewale, A., dan Patil, V. (2010). Evaluation of
Antihistaminic Activity of Piper betel Leaf in Guinea pig. African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 5(2): 113-117.
Hall, I.P. (2000). Second Messengers, Ion Channels and Pharmacology of Airway
Smooth Muscle. European Respiratory Journal. 4(15): 1120-1127.
Harfina, F., Bahri, S., dan Saragih, A. (2012). Pengaruh Serbuk Daun Puguntano
(Curanga fel-terrae Merr.) Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of
Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology. 1(2): 112 -118.
Harborne, J.B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia. Penerjemah: Kosasih Padmawinata dan
Iwang Soediro. Edisi II. Bandung: Penerbit ITB. Hal. 152.
Hidayat, A. A. A., dan Uliyah, M. (2008). Praktikum Keterampilan Dasar Praktik
Klinik: Aplikasi Dasar- dasar Praktik Kebidanan. Jakarta: Salemba
Medika.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Huang, Y., Bruyne, T.D., Apers, S., Ma, Y., Claeys, M., Pieters, L., dan Vlietinck,
A. (1999). Flavonoid Glucuronides from Picria fel-terrae. Elsevier
Science. 52(8): 1701-1703
Husori, D,I. (2011). Peranan Epitelial Terhadap Efek Relaksasi Senyawa Marmin
dari Aegle marmelos Correa pada Otot Polos Trakea Marmut Terisolasi.
Tesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada – Yogyakarta.
Husori, D.I., Riyanto, S., dan Nugroho, A.E. (2012). Relaxation Effect of Marmin
on Guinea pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle via NO-independent Mechanism.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 1(1): 154-158.
Ikawati, Z. (2006). Pengantar Farmakologi Molekuler. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Hal. 38.
Juwita, N.A. (2009). Pengujian Efek Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pugun
Tano (Curanga felterrae Merr.) terhadap Mencit Putih. Skripsi. Medan:
Fakultas Farmasi USU.
Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., dan Jessell, T.M. (2000). Principles of Neural
Science. Edisi IV. USA: McGraw-Hill. Hal. 234.
Karyono, S.S. (2006). Perubahan Respons Reseptor Adrenergik-β dan Muskarinik
di Otot Polos Saluran Nafas Tikus Wistar Pada Proses Penuaan. Jurnal
Kedokteran Brawijaya. 22(3): 141-148.
Katzung, B.G. (2001). Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Hal. 43-45, 587.
Katzung, B.G. (2006). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Edisi IX. USA:
McGraw-Hill. Hal. 181.
Kaushik, D., Tripathi, A., Tripathi, R., Ganachari, M., dan Khan, S.A. (2009).
Anticonvulsant Activity of Bacopa monniera in Rodents. Brazilian
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 45(4): 643-649.
Kusuma, F.R., dan Zaky, B.M. (2005). Tumbuhan Liar Berkhasiat Obat. Jakarta:
AgroMedia Pustaka. Hal. 2.
Lewis, W.H. (1977). Medical Botany: Plants Affecting Man’s Health. USA: John
Wiley & Sons, inc. Hal. 299.
Li, R.R., Pang, L.L., Du, Q., Shi, Y., Dai, W.J., dan Yin, K.S. (2010). Apigenin
Inhibits Allergen-induced Airway Inflammation and Switches Immune
Response in a Murine Model of Asthma. Immunopharmacol
Immunotoxicol. 32(3): 364-370.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Li, J., dan Zhang, B, (2013). Apigenin Protects Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma
Through The Regulation of Th17 cells. Fitoterapia. 91(9): 298-304.
Martin, H.S. (2005). Physiologic Basis of Respiratory Disease. USA: BC Decker
inc. Hal. 381.
McCormick, D.A. (1989). Acetylcholine: Distribution, Receptors, and Actions.
Section of Neuroanatomy. 89(2): 91-101.
Mohamed, N.H., dan El-Hadidy, A.M. (2008). Studies of Biologically Active
Constituents of Verbascum eremobium Murb. and its Inducing Resistance
against some Diseases of Cucumber. Egypt. Journal Phytopathol. 36(1):
133-150.
Oenema, T.A. (2013). Muscarinic Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle: Roles in
inflammation and remodeling. Dissertation. University of Groningen –
Netherlands. Hal. 15.
Pearce, E.C. (2009). Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk Paramedis. Jakarta: PT
Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hal. 258-259.
Perry, W. L. M. (1970). Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations.
Edisi II. Edinburgh: Churcill Livingstone. Hal. 25.
Pudjaatmaka, A.H. (2002). Kamus Kimia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Hal. 253.
Raff, M., Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Roberts, K., dan Walter, P. (2002).
Moleculer Biology of The Cell. Edisi 4. New York: Garland Science.
Hal.836.
Rahajoe, N., Supriyanto, B., dan Setyanto, D.B. (2008). Buku Ajar Respilogi
Anak. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Hal. 89.
Rahardjo, R. (2009). Kumpulan Kuliah Farmakologi. Edisi II. Jakarta: EGC. Hal.
339.
Sah, J.N., dan Varshney, V.K. (2013). Chemical Constituents of Picrorhiza
Genus: A Review. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural
Products. 1(2): 22-37.
Saladin, K. (2003). Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function.
Edisi 3. USA: McGraw-Hill. Hal. 848.
Schmitz, S., Lepper, H., dan Heidrich, M. (2003). Farmakologi dan Toksikologi.
Edisi 3. Jakarta: EGC. Hal.83.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sellers, D.J., dan Williams, R.C. (2012). Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists:
Effects on the Urinary Bladder. Handbook of Experimental
Pharmacology: Muscarinic Receptors. Volume 208. Editor: Allison D.
Fryer, Arthur Christopoulos dan Neil M. Nathanson. Germany: SpringerVerlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Hal. 375-400.
Slonane, E. (2004). Anatomy and Physiology: An Easy Learner. USA: Jones and
Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Hal. 268.
Sudowo, A.W., Setiyohadi, B., Alwi., Simadibrata, K.M., dan Setiati. (2006).
Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi IV. Jilid I. Jakarta: Pusat
Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI. Hal. 247
Sugiarto, A., dan Putera, T.D. (2008). Buku Pintar Tanaman Obat: 431 jenis
tanaman penggempur aneka penyakit. Jakarta: AgroMedia Pustaka. Hal.
65.
Supriyatno, B. (2010). Terapi Kombinasi Pada Serangan Asma Akut Anak.
Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 60(5): 232-236.
Suryo, J. (2010). Herbal Penyembuh Gangguan Sistem Pernapasan. Yogyakarta:
Bentang Pustaka. Hal. 7-8.
Syamsudin dan Darmono. (2011). Buku Ajar Farmakologi Eksperimental. Jakarta:
UI-Press. Hal. 76.
Syamsuni, H. A. (2006). Ilmu Resep. Jakarta: EGC.
Taylor, P., dan Brown, J.H. (2006). Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular
and Medical Aspects. USA: Elsevier, Inc. Hal. 195.
Vogel, H.G. (2002). Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays.
Germany: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Hal. 353.
Voigt, R. (1995). Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi. Edisi V. Yogyakarta: UGM
Press.
Ward, J.P.T., Ward, J., Leach, R.M., dan Wiener, C.M. (2008). At a Glance:
Sistem Respirasi. Jakarta: Erlangga. Hal.57.
Wibowo, D.S. (2008). Anatomi Tubuh Manusia. Jakarta: Grasindo. Hal. 68.
World Health Organization. (1998). Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant
Materials. Geneva: WHO. Hal. 28.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Alsagaff, H. (2010). Dasar-dasar Ilmu Penyakit Paru. Surabaya: Universitas
Airlangga Pressa.
American Lung Association (ALA). (2012). Trends in Asthma Morbidity and
Mortality. Washington D.C: American Lung Association Epidemiology
and Statistics Unit Research and Health Education Division. Hal. 2.
Anonim. (2007). Picria fel-terrae Merr. Tanggal akses 18 Mei 2014.
http://www.globinmed.com/IMRContent/detail.aspx?id=BOT00054
Anonim. (2009). Picria fel-terrae Lour. Tanggal akses 2 Juli 2013.
http://www.proseanet.org/prohati2/browser.php?docsid=459
Anonim. (2011). Medicinal plant: Sagai-uak. Tanggal akses 18 Mei 2014.
http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/bpioldsite1/medicinalplant_s.php
Astuti, P., Yunus, F., Antariksa, B., dan Ratnawati. (2011). Prevalensi dan Gejala
Klinis Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) pada Pasien Asma. Journal
Indonesia Medical Association. 61(7): 273-279.
Azadmehr, A., Hajiaghaee, R., Zohal, M.A., dan Maliji, G. (2013). Protective
Effects of Scrophularia striata in Ovalbumin-induced Mice Asthma
Model. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 21(56): 1-7.
Barnes, P.J. (1993). Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Airways. European
Respiratory Journal. 6(1): 328-331
Barnes, P.J. (1995). Cyclic Nucleotides and Phosphodiesterases and Airway
Function. European Respiratory Journal. 8(1): 457-462.
Boskabady, M.H., Keyhanmanesh, R., dan Saadatloo, M.A.E. (2008). Relaxant
Effects of Different Fractions from Nigella sativa L. on Guineapig
Tracheal Chains and Its Possible Mechanism(s). Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology. 46(12): 805-810.
Carron, R., Sanz, E., Puebla, P., Martin, M.L., Roman, L.S., dan Guerrero, M.F.
(2010). Mechanisms of Relaxation Induced by Flavonoid Ayanin in
Isolated Aorta Rings from Wistar Rats. Colombia Medica. 41(1): 1-7.
Cheriet, T., Aouabdia, S., Mancini, I., Defant, A., Seghiri, R., Boumaza, O.,
Mekkiou, R., Sarri, D., Leon, F., Brouard, I., Benayache, F., dan
Benayache, S. (2014). Chemical constituents of Linaria reflexa Desf.
(Scrophulariaceae). Scholars Research Library. 6(1): 54-57.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Choi, J.R., Lee, C.M., Jung, I.D., Lee, C.S., Jeong, Y.I., Chang, J.H, Park, H.J.,
Choi, I.W., Kim, J.S., Shin, Y.K., Park, S.N., dan Park, Y.M. (2009).
Apigenin Protects Ovalbumin-induced Asthma Through The Regulation
of GATA-3 Gene. International Immunopharmacology.9(7): 918-924.
Depkes RI. (1979). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi III. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI.
Depkes RI. (1995). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi IV. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI.
Ditjen POM. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid VI. Jakarta: Departemen
Kesehatan RI. Hal. 300- 306, 321, 325, 333-337.
Ditjen POM. (2000) Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta:
Departemen Kesehatan RI. Hal. 3-5.
Farnsworth, N.R. (1966). Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants.
J. Pharm. Sci. 55 (3): 264.
Fawcett, D.W. (2002). Buku Ajar Histologi. Jakarta: EGC. Hal. 257.
Fenneck, R. (2007). Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and The Cardiovascular System.
Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 7(6): 203207.
Gosens, R., Zaagsma, J., Meurs, H., dan Halayko, A.J. (2006). Muscarinic
Receptor Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Asthma and COPD.
Respiratory Research. 7(73): 1-15.
Hajare, R., Darvhekar, V.M., Shewale, A., dan Patil, V. (2010). Evaluation of
Antihistaminic Activity of Piper betel Leaf in Guinea pig. African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 5(2): 113-117.
Hall, I.P. (2000). Second Messengers, Ion Channels and Pharmacology of Airway
Smooth Muscle. European Respiratory Journal. 4(15): 1120-1127.
Harfina, F., Bahri, S., dan Saragih, A. (2012). Pengaruh Serbuk Daun Puguntano
(Curanga fel-terrae Merr.) Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of
Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology. 1(2): 112 -118.
Harborne, J.B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia. Penerjemah: Kosasih Padmawinata dan
Iwang Soediro. Edisi II. Bandung: Penerbit ITB. Hal. 152.
Hidayat, A. A. A., dan Uliyah, M. (2008). Praktikum Keterampilan Dasar Praktik
Klinik: Aplikasi Dasar- dasar Praktik Kebidanan. Jakarta: Salemba
Medika.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Huang, Y., Bruyne, T.D., Apers, S., Ma, Y., Claeys, M., Pieters, L., dan Vlietinck,
A. (1999). Flavonoid Glucuronides from Picria fel-terrae. Elsevier
Science. 52(8): 1701-1703
Husori, D,I. (2011). Peranan Epitelial Terhadap Efek Relaksasi Senyawa Marmin
dari Aegle marmelos Correa pada Otot Polos Trakea Marmut Terisolasi.
Tesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada – Yogyakarta.
Husori, D.I., Riyanto, S., dan Nugroho, A.E. (2012). Relaxation Effect of Marmin
on Guinea pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle via NO-independent Mechanism.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 1(1): 154-158.
Ikawati, Z. (2006). Pengantar Farmakologi Molekuler. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Hal. 38.
Juwita, N.A. (2009). Pengujian Efek Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pugun
Tano (Curanga felterrae Merr.) terhadap Mencit Putih. Skripsi. Medan:
Fakultas Farmasi USU.
Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., dan Jessell, T.M. (2000). Principles of Neural
Science. Edisi IV. USA: McGraw-Hill. Hal. 234.
Karyono, S.S. (2006). Perubahan Respons Reseptor Adrenergik-β dan Muskarinik
di Otot Polos Saluran Nafas Tikus Wistar Pada Proses Penuaan. Jurnal
Kedokteran Brawijaya. 22(3): 141-148.
Katzung, B.G. (2001). Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Hal. 43-45, 587.
Katzung, B.G. (2006). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Edisi IX. USA:
McGraw-Hill. Hal. 181.
Kaushik, D., Tripathi, A., Tripathi, R., Ganachari, M., dan Khan, S.A. (2009).
Anticonvulsant Activity of Bacopa monniera in Rodents. Brazilian
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 45(4): 643-649.
Kusuma, F.R., dan Zaky, B.M. (2005). Tumbuhan Liar Berkhasiat Obat. Jakarta:
AgroMedia Pustaka. Hal. 2.
Lewis, W.H. (1977). Medical Botany: Plants Affecting Man’s Health. USA: John
Wiley & Sons, inc. Hal. 299.
Li, R.R., Pang, L.L., Du, Q., Shi, Y., Dai, W.J., dan Yin, K.S. (2010). Apigenin
Inhibits Allergen-induced Airway Inflammation and Switches Immune
Response in a Murine Model of Asthma. Immunopharmacol
Immunotoxicol. 32(3): 364-370.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Li, J., dan Zhang, B, (2013). Apigenin Protects Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma
Through The Regulation of Th17 cells. Fitoterapia. 91(9): 298-304.
Martin, H.S. (2005). Physiologic Basis of Respiratory Disease. USA: BC Decker
inc. Hal. 381.
McCormick, D.A. (1989). Acetylcholine: Distribution, Receptors, and Actions.
Section of Neuroanatomy. 89(2): 91-101.
Mohamed, N.H., dan El-Hadidy, A.M. (2008). Studies of Biologically Active
Constituents of Verbascum eremobium Murb. and its Inducing Resistance
against some Diseases of Cucumber. Egypt. Journal Phytopathol. 36(1):
133-150.
Oenema, T.A. (2013). Muscarinic Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle: Roles in
inflammation and remodeling. Dissertation. University of Groningen –
Netherlands. Hal. 15.
Pearce, E.C. (2009). Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk Paramedis. Jakarta: PT
Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hal. 258-259.
Perry, W. L. M. (1970). Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations.
Edisi II. Edinburgh: Churcill Livingstone. Hal. 25.
Pudjaatmaka, A.H. (2002). Kamus Kimia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Hal. 253.
Raff, M., Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Roberts, K., dan Walter, P. (2002).
Moleculer Biology of The Cell. Edisi 4. New York: Garland Science.
Hal.836.
Rahajoe, N., Supriyanto, B., dan Setyanto, D.B. (2008). Buku Ajar Respilogi
Anak. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Hal. 89.
Rahardjo, R. (2009). Kumpulan Kuliah Farmakologi. Edisi II. Jakarta: EGC. Hal.
339.
Sah, J.N., dan Varshney, V.K. (2013). Chemical Constituents of Picrorhiza
Genus: A Review. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural
Products. 1(2): 22-37.
Saladin, K. (2003). Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function.
Edisi 3. USA: McGraw-Hill. Hal. 848.
Schmitz, S., Lepper, H., dan Heidrich, M. (2003). Farmakologi dan Toksikologi.
Edisi 3. Jakarta: EGC. Hal.83.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sellers, D.J., dan Williams, R.C. (2012). Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists:
Effects on the Urinary Bladder. Handbook of Experimental
Pharmacology: Muscarinic Receptors. Volume 208. Editor: Allison D.
Fryer, Arthur Christopoulos dan Neil M. Nathanson. Germany: SpringerVerlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Hal. 375-400.
Slonane, E. (2004). Anatomy and Physiology: An Easy Learner. USA: Jones and
Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Hal. 268.
Sudowo, A.W., Setiyohadi, B., Alwi., Simadibrata, K.M., dan Setiati. (2006).
Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi IV. Jilid I. Jakarta: Pusat
Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI. Hal. 247
Sugiarto, A., dan Putera, T.D. (2008). Buku Pintar Tanaman Obat: 431 jenis
tanaman penggempur aneka penyakit. Jakarta: AgroMedia Pustaka. Hal.
65.
Supriyatno, B. (2010). Terapi Kombinasi Pada Serangan Asma Akut Anak.
Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia. 60(5): 232-236.
Suryo, J. (2010). Herbal Penyembuh Gangguan Sistem Pernapasan. Yogyakarta:
Bentang Pustaka. Hal. 7-8.
Syamsudin dan Darmono. (2011). Buku Ajar Farmakologi Eksperimental. Jakarta:
UI-Press. Hal. 76.
Syamsuni, H. A. (2006). Ilmu Resep. Jakarta: EGC.
Taylor, P., dan Brown, J.H. (2006). Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular
and Medical Aspects. USA: Elsevier, Inc. Hal. 195.
Vogel, H.G. (2002). Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays.
Germany: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. Hal. 353.
Voigt, R. (1995). Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi. Edisi V. Yogyakarta: UGM
Press.
Ward, J.P.T., Ward, J., Leach, R.M., dan Wiener, C.M. (2008). At a Glance:
Sistem Respirasi. Jakarta: Erlangga. Hal.57.
Wibowo, D.S. (2008). Anatomi Tubuh Manusia. Jakarta: Grasindo. Hal. 68.
World Health Organization. (1998). Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant
Materials. Geneva: WHO. Hal. 28.
Universitas Sumatera Utara