An Analysis of Figure of Speech in William Wordsworth's Selected Poems.
AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURE OF SPEECH IN WILLIAM
WORDSWORTH’
S SELECTED POEMS
THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Sarjana degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities UIN SunanAmpel
Surabaya
By
Agustin Andriyani Reg. Number: A83210147
Advisor
EndratnoPilih Swasono, M.Pd Reg, Number: 1971060723003121001
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL
SURABAYA
2015
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this thesis I wrote to fulfill the requirement for the
Sarjana degree of English Department entitledAn Analysis of Figures of Speech in
w
illiamw
ordsworth’s Selected Poem: A Character, Daffodils, Perfectw
oman,w
ith Ships the Seaw
as Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World is Too Much with usis truly my original work. All of information in this study ispresented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.
I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully
cited all material which is not original to this work. Due to the fact, I am the only
person responsible for the thesis if there is any objection.
Surabaya, January27th
2015 Writer,
Agustin Andriyani Reg. Number: A83210147
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APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that this thesis written by Agustin Andriyani (A83210147) has been approved by thesis advisor to be examined.
Surabaya, 30 January 2015
Thesis Advisor
EndratnoPilihSwasono, M.Pd NIP. 197106072003121001
Head of English Department
Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag NIP.196909251994031002
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2015
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EXAMINER SHEET
This thesis has been approved and accepted by the Board of Examiners, English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, UIN Sunan Ampel on February
11th2015
Dean of Faculty of Letters and Humanities
Dr. H. Imam Ghozali, M.A NIP.196002121990031002
The Board of Examiners are:
Head of Examination
EndratnoPilihSwasono, M.Pd NIP. 197106072003121001
Secretary
Abdulloh Ubed, M.Ag NIP. 196605071997031003 Examiner I
Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag NIP.196909251994031002
Examiner II
Dr. Dzo’ul Milal, M.Pd NIP. 196005152000031002
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ABSTRACT
Andriyani, Agustin. 2015. An Analysis of Figure of Speech in WilliamWordsworth’s Selected Poems: A Character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman, With Ships The Sea Was
Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World isToo Much With Us. Thesis.English
Department.Faculty of Letter and Humanities.State of Islamic University SunanAmpel Surabaya. Thesis Advisor: EndratnoPilih Swasono, M.Pd.
Language is the important characteristic in human being. People use language for many purposes like communication and discussion. The way to deliver the information can be represented the form of spoken language or written language.One of the written languages is poetry. Poetry is kind of language that says more and more intensely than the ordinary language does. It is one of the examples of literary work. It has its own characteristic and unique style that also represent the characteristic and the style of the writer.
This study is aimed to describe about figure of speech in
WilliamWordsworth’s poem. More especially, this study is aimed to (1) To find
the kind of figure of speech and the implicit meaning of the figure of speechwhich the writerwants to say through the poem. (2) To find the mostly figure of speech that is used in WilliamWordsworth poem.
Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research, because the data consist of wordsinstead of number. By using this method the researcher can describe the figure of speech when they appear in every stanza in five poem of WilliamWordsworth. In order to compose this study, the data, which is in form of poems obtained from A Character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman, With Ships The Sea Was Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World isToo Much With Us. Those data where analyzed and classified and interpreted them, whichwere in the research question.
Through the analysis, it was found the dominant figure of speech in selected poems by WilliamWordsworth is personification and simile. In this study the researcher found that personification and simile is the most frequently used by WilliamWordsworth in these five poems. The researcher also found the representation of figures of speech in this poem are about love, sadness, the beautiful of nature, those themes are tightly related to his experiences of life.
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INTISARI
Andriyani, Agustin. 2015. An Analisis of Figure of Speech in William Words’s Selected Poem: A Character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman,With Ships the Sea Was
Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World is Too Much With us. Skripsi. Jurusan
Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Dosen Pembimbing: Endratno Pilih Swasono, M.Pd.
Bahasa adalah karakeristik manusia. Ada banyak tujuan seseorang memakai bahasa seperti komunikasi dan diskusi. Cara untuk menyampaikan informasi bisa juga dengan bentuk percakapan atau tulisan. Salah satu dari bahasa tulisan adalah puisi. Puisi adalah bahasa yang cara mengatakannya lebih inten dari pada bahasa aslinya. Ini adalah salah satu dari karya sastra. Puisi mempunyai karakteristik dan gaya bahasa yang unik.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan (1) untukmenemukan macam-macam bahasa kiasan dan makna melalui puisi William Wordsworth. (2) untuk mencari bahasa kiasan apa yang banyak dipakai oleh William Wordsworth dalam puisisnya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, karena data-datanya bnyak mengunakan kata dari pada angka, yang mana dari ke lima puisi yaitu, A character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman, With Ships The Sea Was Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World isToo Much With Us. Data tersebut akan di analisis, dibedakan, dan di interpretasikan, yang ada dalam rumusan masalah.
Melalui analisis tersebut, telah diketahui bahasa kiasan yang paling banyak digunakan dalam puisi pilihan William Wordsworth adalah personifikasi dan simile. Penulis telah menemukan makna dari puisi-puisi tersebut diantaranya menceritakan tentang cinta, kesedihan dan alam yang indah, semua itu sangat berhubungan erat dengan pengalaman hidup William Wordsworth.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Inside Cover Page………. i
Inside Title Page ... ii
Declaration ………... iii
Dedication ……….... iv
Motto………... v
Advisor’s Approval………... vi
Examiner Sheet………..……….. vii
Acknowledgement ………..……….... viii
Table of Content…………..……….... ix
Abstract …………..………... xii
Intisari... xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of theStudy ………... 1
1.2Statement of the Problem……….……….. 3
1.3Purpose of the Study……….……….... 4
1.4Significance of the Study………... 4
1.5Scope and Limitation……….. 4
1.6Definition of Key term……….…….. 5
CHAPTERS II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Main Theory………... 6
2.1.1 Stylistic………... 6
2.1.2 Theory Figures of Speech ………..……….... 8
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2.2 Supporting Theories…………..……….. 12
2.2.1 Theory of Semantic………..………. 12
2.2.2 Previous Study………... 14
CHAPTER III METHOD OF STUDY 3.1. Research Approach……….. 16
3.2. Source of Data... 17
3.3.Data Collection……….. 17
3.4. Data Analyzing……….. 18
3.5. Instrument……….. 18
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Findings ……….... 19
4.1.1. Poem 1: A Character... 19
4.1.2. Poem 2: Daffodils………. 24
4.1.3. Poem 3: Perfect Woman……….. 32
4.1.4. Poem 4: With Ships The Sea was Sprinkled far and nigh………. 37
4.1.5. Poem 5: The World is Too Much with us……….. 42
4.2 Discussion... 45
CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion………... 48
5.2. Suggestion………... 49
REFERENCES……….. 51
APPENDIX……….... 53
List of Appendix……….... 53
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APPENDIX 2... 54
APPENDIX 3... 55
APPENDIX 4... 57
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1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter consist of background of some sub-chapters. They are
background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose and significance of
the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is the important characteristic in human being. It has important
roles, especially to deliver information with other people in society. Without
language, they cannot ask and give people information well. Holmes states (2001)
that, we use it to express indignation and annoyance, as well as admiration and
respects. Often one utterance will simultaneously convey information and express
feeling (p.2). People use language for many purposes like communication and
discussion. Then, the way to deliver the information can be represented the form
of spoken language or written language. In spoken language it deals with speech,
songs and others. In the written language, it can be the form of prose, poetry and
others which are called as literary works.
One of the written languages is poetry. Poetry is kind of language that says
more and more intensely than the ordinary language does. A poem is composed
with the desire to communicate an experience especially one expressing deep
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2
Poetry has a pattern that gives us pleasure as we listen to it. Poets repeat
and echo sounds to please our ears. They also use these effects to hold our
attention and mirror or reinforce the meaning word have rhythm or beat, as well as
sound, and the rhythm of poetry is usually more regular than we hear in ordinary
language. Often a poem is divided into section of lines that follow the same
pattern of sound and rhythm, so that we quickly learn the pattern as we read or
listen, and enjoy knowing what to expect.
The importance of poetry does not only lie on the pleasure it gives the
readers wwhen they read it or listen to it, but also on the value of life implied in it.
Poetry has been regarded as something central to each man’s existence, something
having unique value to fully realized life, something that he is better off for
having and spiritually impoverished without (Literature: Structure, Sound, and
Sense, p.554)
A poet usually uses figures of speech in order to make a deep and great
meaning in a compact form of a poem. Figure of speech often provides emphasis,
freshness of expression or clarity. However clarity may suffer from their use.
According to Perrine (1998:509) poetry is almost ancient; poetry has already
existed since long time ago. It means that since long time ago there have been a
lot of poets that were born with the special characteristic.
William wordsworth is an eminent English poet. He was born on April
23rd 1770 in Cockermouth, an old market town in the district of Allerdale in the
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and lakes and mountains of the Northwestern part of England. He was an english
poet and founder in romantic movement of english literature. It begins in the
middle late- 18th Century. In 1843, Wordsworth becomes the poet laureate.
William was a chief voice of new Romantic Movement. He laid down the new
principles of Romantic poetry; those are the language of poetry is the language of
ordinary men or women, poetry is an expression of one own feeling, nature is the
source of beauty, human mind is part of nature.
In the romantic period tells about natural, emotional, and personal artistic
themes. Therefore, all of his poems always about describe natural scene.
Wordsworth believes that nature is the great teacher of moral, and the prime
bringer of happiness.
This study is concerned about figure of speech, figures of speech are on
saying something than the ordinary way. Since language can be conveniently
classified as either literal or figurative, when we speak literally it means we mean
exactly what each word conveys when we use figurative language we mean
something other than the actual meaning of the words (Di Yanni, 1994:412)
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the study focus elaborated in the background of the study above,
the researcher should know the problem that will be analyzed. In order to analyze
the figures of speech that are found in William Wordsworth’s selected poem, it is elaborated by the following question:
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1. What kinds and the meanings of figures of speech are used in William
Wordsworth’s selected poem?
2. Which figures of speech are mostly used by the author?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
There are three purposes of the study, those are in the following:
1. To find out the kinds and reveal the meaning of figures of speech which
are used by William Wordsworth in his selected poem.
2. To identify the mostly used figures of speech in William Wordsworth’s
selected poems.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study was conducted for some significance. For the researcher, this is
hoped to be able to enrich the researcher’s background knowledge about the use
figures of speech theory. Secondly, the researcher wants to reveal the kinds of
figures of speech, the meaning, and identify the most figures of speech that used
in Wordsworth poem. Thirdly, for English department, the researcher is hoped to
contribute the thesis library collection and become literature review for the next
researchers. Last, this study was done to fulfill the final lecture in the State
Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this research is kinds of figure of speech that used in William
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of semantic. This research is limited on theory of figure of speech by Laurence
Perrine (1973), and Widdowson (1975), and also McConnel (1990). The
researcher also limits her study on five poems of William Wordsworth, they are A
Character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman, With Ships the Sea Was Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World is Too much with us. The researcher chooses those five
poems because it’s have related meaning each other
1.6 Definition of Key Term
1. Poem : Piece of writing arrange in pattern of lines and
sounds, expressing some thought, feeling or
human experience in imaginative language
(Longman Dictionary of Cotemporary English)
2. Figures of Speech : Another way of saying something than the
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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIE
w
Literature review consists of some theories, and the previous study related
to this study. The main purpose of the existence of literature review is to
strengthen the arguments through some theories. In this chapter the literature
review is divided in two general discussions. First, it is about the theory related to
this study itself, and second, it is about the previous study inspiring of conducting
this study.
2.1 Main Theory 2.1.1 Stylistic
The language used in literature, which is non-paraphrasable, is different
from the language used in daily conversation. For example, in bahasa
indonesia ”panjang tangan” cannot be paraphrased into “panjang tangan”.
If it is paraphrased, the meaning will be lost. The usage of language in
literature may be simple, but the meaning is not simple. The meaning of
the thing the author ants to say are wider than what reader might think.
According to
w
iddowson (1975), stylistic is “the study of literaturediscourse from a linguistics orientation and takes the view that as
distinguishes stylistic from literary criticism on one hand and linguistic on the other hand is that it is means of linking the two ” . The position of
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stylistics among linguistics, literary criticism, language, and literary work
can be seen in figure 1 below:
Discipline: linguistic Literary Criticism
Stylistic
Subject: (English) Language (English) literature
Figure 1: the relationship of stylistic with Linguistics, Literary Criticism, English Literature, and English Language,
w
iddowson(1975:4)
From figure 1 above, we can say that stylistic provides away of mediating
betwen two subjects; English language and literature. Besides, stylistic is
neither a discipline nor a subject in its own right, but means of relating
discipline (Linguistic and literary criticism) and subjects (English language
and literary).
Stylistic is the study of interpretation of the linguistic element or distinctive,
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being interpreted by a code including, intentional structure like a culture or a
whole language).
Stylistic Element includes figurative language. Figurative language
includes the use of metaphor, simile, synecdoche, metonymy,
personification, apostrophe, symbol, allegory, imagery, motif, and paradox.
2.1.2 Figures of Speech
According to Perrine (1996), figure of speech is another way of
adding extra dimension to language. Thus broadly defined, it is basically
any way of saying something other than the ordinary way. There are several
types of figure of speech:
2.1.2.1 Kinds of Figure of Speech
a) Metaphor
Metaphor is an implied comparison. It compares
things or concept that dissimilar; Perrine (1973:60) defines
metaphor as figurative language in which two unlike objects
are implicitly compare without the use like or as.
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b) Simile
Simile is an explicit comparison made between to
essentially unlike things. It is comparison between two
dissimilar things that use the word like or as (Hoeper and
Pikering, 1990:64)
For example: I wandered lonely as a cloud
c) Personification
Personification is a figure of speech which endows
animals, ideas, abstractions and inanimate object with
human form, characters or sensibilities; the representing of
imagery creature or things as human personalities,
intelligence, and emotions. Thus, personification gives
human attributes to something that are not human.
For example: The house sat proudly on the land, its
windows were eyes watching over its kingdom
d) Synecdoche
Kind’s metaphor which is a part of something used to signify the whole. According to Perrine (1974:615),
synecdoche is the use of part for the whole.
For example: lend me your ears (give me
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e) Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is
substituted for another with it is closely associated (such
as crown for royalty). Metonymy is also theoretical
strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to
things around it, such describing someone’s clothing in
order to characterize the individual.
For example: the white house decides new regulation
(white house it means US government)
f) Symbol
As stated by Perrine (1973:78) a symbol is roughly
defined as something that means more than what it is. It
means that symbol is an image that has an overt literal
function in poem but also evokes arrange of additional
meaning.
For example: The white rose breathes of love
g) Allegory
Allegory is a narrative or description which has
second meaning beneath the surface one. Allegory has a
sometimes been defined as an extended metaphor or series
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This story is told that before the harvest the farmer has to
work hard to get a success harvest. This story’s allegory is
we have to work hard first if we want to get best result of
our effort in any class.” (Perrine, 1969:71)
h) Hyperbole or Overstatement
Hyperbole is simply exaggeration in the service of
truth. For example: I’ll die if I do not pass the course. The
speaker exaggerates his utterance for he does not really
mean that the will die if he do not pass the course.
i) Apostrophe
Apostrophe consist in addressing absent or
something nonhuman as if it was alive and present and
could reply to what is being said ”(Ibid: 569) for example:
and my lord he loves me well. Here the speaker is speaking
to the God, as if God could answer his statement. As we
know that God not speak as human usually do but by his
own way.
j) Paradox
Paradox is an apparent contradiction which is nevertheless
somehow true. It may be either a situation or statement. In
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one of the words being figuratively or in more than one
sense.
For example: Damn with faint praise
k) Understatement
Understatement is contradiction with overstatement
is saying less than one means.
For example: Your voice to soft
l) Verbal Irony
When someone inside the literary work says
something but means another that what called as verbal
irony. Verbal irony is saying opposite. Perrine states
(1974).For instance says to the naughty boy “you are great able to break the key of the cupboard”, while this word
actually means” how naughty you are, what you have done,
you had broken my cupboard key.” (p.653)
2.2 Supporting Theories
2.2.1 Theory of Semantic
Figure of speech is the study of language used in literal form.
Therefore, all studies on the language usage and parts of language are
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speech as a part of linguistics expression, clearly. According to Chiercha
and McConnel-Ginet (1990:1), the definition of semantic can be seen as
follow:
Semantic is the branch of linguistics devoted to the investigation of linguistic meaning, the interpretation of expression is a language system. Therefore, semantics is a branch or component of linguistics as the same of phonetics, morphology, syntax, and discourse, which deals with the investigation of the meaning of language.
In this book, semantic: A workbook, Soekemi says that the
definition of semantic is a component or level of linguistics as the same
kind as phonetics, morphemic, or grammar (2000:2). He also mentioned
that language can be regarded as communication system that relates
something to be communicated with something that communicates a
message (signified), on the other hand with a set of sign or symbols
(signified) on the other (2000:2). Language, as a communication system is
quite different from other communication system to the following reason:
a) That not every piece of language has a ‘message’ in any real
sense. In many cases the function of language is concerned
with establishing and or remaining social relationship.
b) Each of the ‘messages’ in language are very complicated and the relationship between them are even more complicated.
c) In language, it is extremely difficult to specify precisely what
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no problem because the message can be independently
identified in terms of language. For example, Red means stop..
According to Hurford (2007:1), semantic is the study of meaning in
language. However, in semantics, the meaning depend upon speakers,
listeners, and context. Basically, the meaning of words can be viewed or
interpreted from different perspective. One is when the words are used in a
context (pragmatics).
2.2.2 Previous Study
To begin with, Sukaria (2012), the student of State University of
Surabaya,ever conducted the study under the title “The Study of the
Figures of Speech in
w
ystan Hugh Auden’s Poems”. It emphasized on thefigures of speech and the meaning of figures of speech. It is seen from
stylistic point of view. This study was done to know the figures of speech
in
wystan Hugh Auden’s poem, they are,
The More Loving One, As Iw
alked Out One Evening, On this Island, Funeral Blue and Lady. Thosedata were analyzed based on Perrine’s theory of figure of speech. Based on
in the analyses the five poems mostly use personification.
Based, Machmudi (2008), student of State University of Surabaya
also conducted study under the title “A Study of Figure of Speech in Humor on “Ngelenong Nyook…” Trans TV”. It emphasized on the figures
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method is used in this research. By using this method, he can describe the
humor and figure of speech as careful as possible. Machmudi finds out two
types of humor and six types of figure of speech. Ridicule type is the most
appear in the humor. The most figures of speech appear in humor his
hyperbole.
The researcher also finds another analysis entitled “Figures of
Speech and Implicit Meaning in Bullet for my Valentine’s Lyric Scream
Aim Fire Album” (2009). It is written by Mochammad Choirul Anshar. He was student of State University of Surabaya. It emphasized on figures of
speech and implicit meaning in bullet for my valentine’s lyric. This study aimed to describe stylistic device in Bullet for My Valentine’s lyrics in
Scream Aim Fire Album. The method that is used in this study is both
qualitative and quantitative. This study found that Bullet for my Valentine
mostly uses hyperbole figurative language in their album Lyric Scream
Aim Fire.
Meanwhile, in the present study, it is focused on Analysis of figure
of speech in
w
illiamw
ordsworth’s selected poems seen from stylisticdevice. The researcher wants to know the types of figure of speech that
uses in
w
illiamw
ordsworth’s poem and which figures of speech are(25)
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses the methodology that the writer organized and
explained the method which is conducting by the researcher in finishing this
study. There are five parts of techniques in this chapter, those are:
3.1 Research Approach
In this research, the study uses qualitative approach to analyzed the figure
of speech in the selected poems by
w
illiamw
ordsworth since her data are in theform of words. Bogdan (1992:290) in Transforming Qualitative Design states
Qualitative research is descriptive. The data collected are in the form or words or picture rather than numbers. They often contain quotation and try to describe what particular situation or vie of the world, like in narrative form. The written words are very important in the qualitative approach.
Bogdan and Taylor (1975:5) in Introduction to Qualitative Research
method stated that “Qualitative methodologies refer to research produce
descriptive data: people own written or spoken words observable behavior”
From the two theories above, it can be assumed that data of qualitative
research are in the forms of words and qualitative research produces descriptive
data.
To analyze the data, the study employs content of analysis method to
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any forms of communication which are usually written. As Brog and Gall
(1983:512) say that content analysis is a research technique for the objective,
systematic, and qualitative description of the manifest of communication which
usually written such as text book, composition, novel, newspaper, etc. content
analysis is often used in conjunction with observational studies.
Since the data are in form of words that
w
illiamw
ordsworth poems, thecontent analysis applied in this study is the first objective that is to produce
descriptive information that gives clearer and better understanding of the
problems.
3.2 Source of Data
The source is focused on the figure of speech. Mainly this study take data
from
w
illiamwordsworth’s selected poems.
1. A Character
2. Daffodils
3. Perfect Woman
4. With Ship the Sea was sprinkled far and nigh
5. The World is too much with us
3.3 Data Collection
The technique used by the researcher is by reading the poems carefully to
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reading the poem carefully, the researcher tries to observe the figures of speech,
which are found inside the works that can be related and support the research.
3.3 Data Analyzing
In analyzing the figures of speech which is applied in
w
illiamw
ordsworth‘s selected poem. The researcher analyzes the data by some steps.Step one is paraphrasing the identified poems to understand the content better.
Step two is selecting, collecting, classifying then analyzing particular words,
paraphrase or sentence that contains figures of speech and their meaning. Step
three is describing the result of analysis; it means that to clarifying the result of
analysis.
3.5 Instrument
In conducting this study uses table and also she acted as the instrument to
conduct the observation figures of speech. Equipped with the knowledge Figures
of Speech, Semantics, researcher collected the data then analyzes and interprets
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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter the researcher analyzes the figure of speech of five poems
of
W
illiamW
ordsworth. The analysis is done by applying the theories ofstylistic, figures of speech, semantic and pragmatic for getting the meaning behind
the words which contain figures of speech. In the analysis the writer first
paraphrases the poems in order to able to understand the poems better. After that
the researcher applies the theories to get the result as presented in research
finding.
4.1 Findings
This section presents the analysis of the kinds of figures of speech in William
Wordsworth poem and the meanings that appear in his poem. Analyzing the data
from five poems using the theory which is being explains before. The data are
taken from the lines of the five poems.
4.1.1 Poem 1
A Character
I marvel how Nature could ever find space For so many strange contrasts in one human face:
There's thought and no thought, and there's paleness and bloom And bustle and sluggishness, pleasure and gloom.
There's weakness, and strength both redundant and vain; Such strength as, if ever affliction and pain
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Would be rational peace a philosopher's ease.
There's indifference, alike when he fails or succeeds, And attention full ten times as much as there needs; Pride where there's no envy, there's so much of joy; And mildness, and spirit both forward and coy.
There's freedom, and sometimes a diffident stare Of shame scarcely seeming to know that she's there, There's virtue, the title it surely may claim,
Yet wants heaven knows what to be worthy the name.
This picture from nature may seem to depart,
Yet the Man would at once run away with your heart; And I for five centuries right gladly would be
Such an odd such a kind happy creature as he.
4.1.1.1 The paraphrase of “A Character”
I marvel how Nature could ever find space for so many strange contrasts in one human face. There is thought and no thought, and there is paleness and bloom and bustle and sluggishness, pleasure and gloom. I wonder how
nature has put so many feelings in one small human face. There is thought and no thought, and there is paleness and bloom and bustle and sluggishness, pleasure and gloom. For all the contrasts, he is thinking of the obvious dynamic variety in humans that is less obvious in nature.
There is weakness, and strength both redundant and vain; such as strength as, if ever affliction and pain pierce through a temper that is soft to
disease, would be rational peace, a philosopher’s ease. There's strength
and weakness, sometimes in excess and sometimes low. Such great
strength can kill a temper that's a bad disease. All this is rational, that is, a
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There is indifference, alike when he fails or succeeds, and attention full ten times as much as there needs, pride where there is no envy, there is so much of joy, and mildness, and spirit both forward and coy. Everyone is
not affected in any way by failure or success. And there is always
attention. There is pride when there is no envy and so much of joy. And
one is so full in spirit sometimes, but not in another time.
There is freedom, and sometimes a diffident stare of shame scarcely seeming to know that she is there, there is virtue, and the title it surely may claim yet wants heaven knows what to be worthy the name. There is
freedom, but sometimes one feels the lack of confidence. The lack is
because one does not know that she (Probably referring to 'his' lover) is
there. One always seems to be morally excellent, but heavens know of
their worth (That is, their sins and wrong doings).
This picture from nature may seem to depart, yet the man would at once run away with your heart, and I for five centuries right gladly would be such as odd such a kind happy creature as he. There was a woman who
loved, but she had another lover. He thinks he is better for her.
“A Character” is talk about the dynamic of both society and the human character. It talks about the contrasts of the human face, it is referring to
both the faces we make in certain moods and the face of our personalities.
Wordsworth is fascinated with human personalities in that we can happy
one minute and depressed the next. It describes the ups and the downs, the
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4.1.1.2 Figures of Speech and Its Meaning
1. Personification
Personification is figure of speech which endows animals, ideas,
abstraction, and inanimate object with human form, characters or
sensibilities: the representing of imaginary creature or things as having
personalities, intelligence, and emotions.
For the "So many strange contrasts" (A Character poem, line 2)
The personification here is indicated by “So many strange contrasts” it means that are present in one man to bring life to the different
characteristics and personalities that are present within us all.
Of shame scarcely seeming to know that she’s there
There’s virtue, the title it surely may claim
(A Character, line 14)
We can see that shame is personified and given life as being a figure or
character that hardly knows of its own existence. Virtue likewise is
personified as trying to be worthy of its own name.
2. Simile
Simile is an explicit comparison made between to essentially
unlike things. It is comparison between two dissimilar things that use
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Such an odd such a kind happy creature as he (A Character, line 20)
The simile is indicated by the words “as”. The phrase above mean that
the speaker as he to be an odd such a kind happy creature.
Such strength as, if ever affliction and pain (A Character, line 6)
The simile is indicated by “such strength as, if ever affliction and pain”.
The speaker here emphasizes strength. In fact, the opposite strenght is
affliction and pain. It describe two unlike things.
This picture from nature may seems to depart (A Character, line 17)
The simile is indicated by the word “seem”. The mean here the picture
likes depart.
From analysis above, the researcher concludes that there are two
figures of speech that used in ‘a character’ poem. They are personification
and simile. There are not figures of speech of metaphor, synecdoche,
metonymy, symbol, allegory, hyperbole, apostrophe, paradox,
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4.1.2. Poem 2 Daffodils
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling leaves in glee; A poet could not be but gay,
In such a jocund company!
I gazed and gazed but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
4.1.2.1 The Paraphrase of “Daffodils”
The paraphrase of Daffodils I wonder lonely as a cloud floats on high over vales and hills when all at once I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils beside the lake beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze. The
author is walking near a lake when he comes upon a "host," or large bed,
of daffodils. "Vale" is another word for "valley." Continues as the stars
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line. Along the margin of a bay: ten thousand sa I at a glance, tossing their hand in sprigthly dance. There are as many daffodils as there are
stars in the sky, so many they can't be counted. He says in one glance he
can see "ten thousand," which is a large number used to express how large
the bed of flowers is. They seem to be dancing in the breeze.
The waves besides them danced, but they out did the sparkling leaves in glee; a poet could not be but gay, in such jocund company. He gazed but little thought what wealth the show to me had brought. The waves of the
lake lap at the store, but the sound the daffodils make as they dance in the
wind outdoes the sound of the water. The poet can’t help being happy
when he is such joyful (jocund) company. He looks at them for a long
time, but he does not yet appreciate what experiencing these flowers has
done for him.
For oft, when on my couch I lie in vacant or in pensive mood. They flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude and they my heart with pleasure fills, and dances with the daffodils. The author knows how much
the flowers have affected him. Often, when he is lying couch or hen he is a
thoughtful (pensive) will come to him, and then his heart with pleasure
mood, an image of the daffodils ill come to him, and then his heart fills
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4.1.2.2 Figures of Speech and Its Meaning
1. Simile
Simile is an explicit comparison made between to essentially unlike
things. It is comparison between two dissimilar things that use the word
like or as (Hoeper and Pikering, 1990:64)
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er over vales and hills
(Daffodils, line 1-2)
Two lines above are simile. The simile is indicated by “I wandered lonely as a cloud” and” that floats on high o’er ever and hills”. It compares
between two unlike things. The speaker feels like a cloud, “lonely”, distant and separated in the world below.
Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way
(Daffodils, lines 7-8)
The lines above are simile. The simile is indicated by “Continues as the
stars that shine” and “and twinkle on the Milky Way. It compares between
two unlike things using the word “as”. It compares the shape and number
of the daffodils to the band of stars that we call the Milky Way galaxy. The
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2. Personification
Personification is s figure of speech which endows animals, ideas,
abstraction, and inanimate object with human form, characters or
sensibilities: the representing of imaginary creature or things as having
personalities, intelligence, and emotions.
I wandered lonely as a cloud (Daffodils, lines 1)
The personification can be indicated by “lonely as a cloud”. The personification here means that speaker and cloud feels lonely. As we
know, that clouds cannot be lonely. It gives human attribute that lonely is
for human.
When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils
(Daffodils, lines 3-4)
The two lines above are personifications. The personification is indicated
by “When all at once I saw a crowd” and “a host, of golden daffodils”. It
means the daffodils are personified as a crowd of people. As we know,
those daffodils cannot be crowd but people can be crowd.
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
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The two lines above are personification. The personification is indicated
by “Fluttering and dancing in the breeze”. It means the daffodils dancing
in the breeze, but actually only human can dance. The speaker could have
easily depicted the flowers to be swaying with the wind, but rather, he
prefers to personify their movements in order to show the intense emotion
that the poet has experienced towards seeing the flowers.
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance (Daffodils, line 12)
The personification is indicated by “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance”. It means the “heads” of the daffodils are part of the flower with the
petals. It is large and heavier than the stem, and so it bobs in a breeze.
The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling leaves in glee;
(Daffodils, lines 13-14)
The two lines above are personification. The personification is indicated by “The
waves beside them danced” and “Out did the sparkling leaves in glee”. It means
the waves cannot dance. The waves also get in on some of the dancing, but the daffodils are not to be out done they are happier than waves.
3. Metaphor
Metaphor is an implied comparison. It compares things or concept that
dissimilar; Perrine (1973:60) defines metaphor as figurative language in
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When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils
(Daffodils, lines 3-4)
Two lines above are metaphors. The metaphor is indicated by “When all at
once I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils.” The speaker compares
the sets of daffodils to a crowd which most likely pertains of people. The
lines depict the quantity of the flowers to that of a crowd of people.
They flash upon that inward eye.
(Daffodils, lines 21)
The metaphor is indicated by “They flash upon that inward eye.” Speaker imagines the daffodils in his spiritual vision; it is indicated by the word
“inward eye.” His heart dances like a person.
4. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is simply exaggeration in the service of truth. For example:
I’ll die if I do not pass the course. The speaker exaggerates his utterance
for he does not really mean that the will die if he do not pass the course.
They stretched in never-ending line (Daffodils, line 9)
The hyperbole is indicated by “They stretched in never-ending line”. The
speaker says that the line daffodils is “never-ending,” but as we know this cannot be strictly true: all good things come to an end.
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5. Metonymy
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for
another with it is closely associated (such as crown for royalty).
Metonymy is also theoretical strategy of describing something indirectly
by referring to things around it, such describing someone’s clothing in order to characterize the individual.
For oft when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon the inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude And then my heart with pleasure fills
And dances with the daffodils. (Daffodils, line 21-26)
The metonymy is indicated by “they flash upon inward eye” this sentence
represent the whole part of the poem above. “They” here means flowers
which have affected him. Often, when the speaker lying on his couch or
when speaker is in a thoughtful (pensive) mood, an image of the daffodils
will come to him, and then his heart fills with pleasure and “dances with
the daffodils.”
6. Symbol
As stated by Perrine (1973:78) a symbol is roughly defined as
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image that has an overt literal function in poem but also evokes arrange of
additional meaning.
A host, of golden daffodils (Daffodils, line 4)
The symbol here is indicated by the word “host” and “golden”. Actually,
host has meaning “heavenly host”, it refers to angel or spirit. And golden
refers to the color of daffodils it means halo.
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
(Daffodils, line 12)
The symbol here is indicated by “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance”. The word “sprightly” is derived from the word “sprite,” meaning a local
spirit, almost like a fairy.
From analysis above, the researcher concludes that there are six figures of
speech are used in ‘Daffodils’. They are simile, personification, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, and symbol. I this poem there is no apostrophe,
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4.1.3 Poem 3
Perfect Woman
She was a phantom of delight
When first she gleam'd upon my sight; A lovely apparition, sent
To be a moment's ornament; Her eyes as stars of twilight fair; Like twilight's, too, her dusky hair; But all things else about her drawn From May-time and the cheerful dawn; A dancing shape, an image gay,
To haunt, to startle, and waylay.
I saw her upon nearer view, A Spirit, yet a Woman too!
Her household motions light and free, And steps of virgin liberty;
A countenance in which did meet Sweet records, promises as sweet; A creature not too bright or good For human nature's daily food; For transient sorrows, simple wiles,
Praise, blame, love, kisses, tears, and smiles.
And now I see with eye serene The very pulse of the machine; A being breathing thoughtful breath, A traveller between life and death; The reason firm, the temperate will, Endurance, foresight, strength, and skill; A perfect Woman, nobly plann'd,
To warn, to comfort, and command; And yet a Spirit still, and bright With something of angelic light.
4.1.3.1 The Paraphrase of “Perfect
w
oman”She was a phantom of delight, when first she gleamed upon my sight, a
lovely apparition, sent to be a moment’s ornament. Her eyes as stars of twilight fair like twilight’s, too, her dusky hair but all things else about her
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drawn from may time and the cheerful dawn, a dancing shape, an imagery gay, to haunt to startle, and waylay. It means saying that she is unreal, yet
delightful and also stunning. The speaker also describes her “eyes as stars of twilight fair.” speaker means that her eyes are dark and mysterious yet
have a twinkle in them, and they catch people’s attention. Her hair as
dusky, so almost dark yet it still has a shiny glow to it.
I saw her upon nearer view, a spirit, yet a
w
oman too. Her household motions light and free, and steps of virgin liberty. A countenance in which did meet, sweet records, promises as sweet, a creature not too bright orgood for human nature’s daily food, for transient sorrows, simple wiles,
praise, blame, love, kisses, tears, ad smiles.“A spirit, yet a woman too!” it means although she might be ghostly looking and to good to be true, she is
a real woman. The speaker talks about her love, kisses, tears, and smile
and that is showing that she really is a human figure and she is not just in
his dreams or thoughts. “Her household motions light and free, and steps
of virgin liberty”, it means her doing household chores yet being swift,
calm, and gentle while doing so, making her again seem ghostly yet she is
doing normal human activities.
And now I see with eye serene, the very pulse of the machine, a being breathing thoughtful breath a traveller between life and death, a traveller between life and death, the reason firm, the temperate will, endurance, foresight, strength, and hard skill. A perfect woman, nobly planned, to
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warn, to comfort, and command, and yet a spirit still, and bright with something of angelic light. It compares the woman with technology who
can work yet has a pulse and he has got relaxed feeling when she is going
about her work eyes that are serene. It also transforms on ordinary woman
in stanza two. As we progress through the poem, the woman moves from
spirit to creature back to spirit again. She has qualities of strength thought
she is not of a bad temperament she can be firm and comfort also
command. ”And yet a spirit still, and bright with something of angelic light” this back the initial view in the first stanza that this is a being above
mortals, again contrasting the light and dark imagery, the conclusion in the
last stanza is she is a perfect woman.
4.1.3.2 Figures of Speech and Its Meaning 1. Metaphor
Metaphor is an implied comparison. It compares things or concept
that dissimilar; Perrine (1973:60) defines metaphor as figurative language
in which two unlike objects are implicitly compare without the use like or
as.
She was a phantom of delight
(Perfect
w
oman, line 1)The metaphor is indicated by ”she was a phantom of delight.” In the
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are she was a phantom of delight means she and phantom of delight. The
speaker imagine that he is speak with a woman is actually mortal but she is
delightful.
And now I see with eye serene
(Perfect
w
oman, line 21)The metaphor is indicated by “and now I see with eye serene”. It means that the word ”see” always use “eye” to look something.
The very pulse of the machine
(Perfect
w
oman, line 22)The metaphor is indicated by “the very pulse of the machine”. In the
sentence above there are two unlike objects are implicitly compared. The
speaker compares her to a machine, like she has to be programmed by
someone because she is too good to be true.
2. Simile
Simile is an explicit comparison made between to essentially
unlike things. It is comparison between two dissimilar things that use the
word like or as (Hoeper and Pikering, 1990:64)
Her eyes as stars of twilight fair
Like twilight’s too, her dusky hair
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The simile is indicated by “her eyes as stars of twilight fair” and “like twilight’s too, her dusky hair ”In the sentence above there are two things which are expressly compared they are her eyes as stars of twilight fair
means eyes and stars. The poet imagines that a woman who have eyes
always shine and hair as being like twilight, a time when the earth is
between light and dark and a time during which things appear to glow. The
speaker imagines eyes are similar as stars.
3. Personification
Personification is s figure of speech which endows animals, ideas,
abstraction, and inanimate object with human form, characters or
sensibilities: the representing of imaginary creature or things as having
personalities, intelligence, and emotions.
A dancing shape, an image gay
(Perfect
w
oman, line 9)This personification is indicated by” a dancing shape, an image gay”.
Shape cannot dance like human being. It means that the shape of his
wives’ body can dance.
From the analysis above, the researcher concludes that there are
three figures of speech that used by the author in ‘perfect woman’. They
are metaphor, simile and personification. There is no another figures of
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4.1.4 Poem 4
W
ith Ships the SeaW
as Sprinkled Far and NighWith ships the sea sprinkled far was sprinkled far and nigh, Like stars in heaven, and joyously it showed;
Some lying fast at anchor in the road,
Some veering up and down, one knew not why. A goodly vessel did I then espy
Come like a giant from a heaven broad; And lustily along the bay she strode, Her tackling rich, and of apparel high. The ship was naught to me, nor I to her,
Yet I pursued her with a lover’s look;
This ship to all the rest did I prefer:
When will she turn, and whiter? She will brook No tarrying; where she comes the winds must stir: On went she, and due north her journey took.
4.1.4.1 The paraphrase of “With Ships the Sea Was Sprinkled Far and Nigh ”
With ships the sea was sprinkled far and nigh, like stars in heaven and joyously it showed. Some lying fast at anchor in the road, some veering up and down, one knew not why, a goodly vessel did I then espy come like a giant from a heaven broad, and lustily along the bay she strode, her tackling rich and apparel high, the ship was nought to me nor I to her, yet
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I pursued her with a lover’s look. This ship to all the rest did I prefer:
when will she turn, and whither? She will brook no tarrying; where she comes the winds must stir. On wet she, and due north her journey took. He
finds the ships, or the women around him beautiful and ethereal, but
scattered. The horizon of the sea and the sky is already difficult to discern,
but under the night sky the contrast fades completely. The sea meets the
sky and the reflection the stars make on the sea furthers the blend. This is
how the speaker sees the ships on the sea; while he can make out the
different ships on the sea and discern the “fast” ones from the “veering up
and down” but because the sea and the sky meet, and they are like “stars in heaven” he cannot individualize any of them. None stand out to him as extraordinary until the “goodly vessel” appears, coming from the “haven broad.” She, unlike the rest is given places of reference from where she came and where she is going. The rest are simply at dock in the harbor,
their lives and stories unknown. The speaker emphasizes that she is from a
“haven,” a sanctuary showing how special he finds her, like she has been sent from this ethereal place nearer to him. Unlike the other ships though,
she “will brook no tarring” and will not remain stagnate in the harbor. Her life, at least in the speaker’s eyes, is richer and fuller than all other ships’
and although some of the other ships waver in the sea, she is truly the only
one moving. It creates an image that amongst all the undulating waves and
“star” like ships, she is the only the one he fixates on, to the point that the
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speaker also gives her a destination: “due north.” She has purpose in life
unlike the rest which remain in the harbor, and although the speaker
realizes that she was “nought to me nor I to her” he cannot help but be
astonished and mesmerized, desiring to “pursue” her, even if her passing
was only momentary.
4.1.4.2 Figures of Speech and Its Meaning
1.Metaphor
Metaphor is an implied comparison. It compares things or concept
that dissimilar; Perrine (1973:60) defines metaphor as figurative language
in which two unlike objects are implicitly compare without the use like or
as.
She was a phantom of delight
(Perfect
w
oman, line 1)The metaphor is indicated by”she was a phantom of delight.” In the
sentence above there are two unlike objects are implicitly compared they
are she was a phantom of delight means she and phantom of delight. The
speaker imagine that he is speak with a woman is actually mortal but she is
delightful.
And now I see with eye serene
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The metaphor is indicated by “and now I see with eye serene”. It means that the word “see” always use “eye” to look something.
The very pulse of the machine
(Perfect
w
oman, line 22)The metaphor is indicated by “the very pulse of the machine”. In the
sentence above there are two unlike objects are implicitly compared. The
peaker compares her to a machine, like she has to be programmed by
someone because she is too good to be true.
2.Simile
Simile is an explicit comparison made between to essentially
unlike things. It is comparison between two dissimilar things that use the
word like or as (Hoeper and Pikering, 1990:64)
Her eyes as stars of twilight fair
Like twilight’s too, her dusky hair
(Perfect
w
oman, line 5)The simile is indicated by “her eyes as stars of twilight fair” and “like twilight’s too, her dusky hair ”In the sentence above there are two things which are expressly compared they are her eyes as stars of twilight fair
means eyes and stars. The poet imagines that a woman who have eyes
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between light and dark and a time during which things appear to glow. The
speaker imagines eyes are similar as stars.
3. Personification
Personification is s figure of speech which endows animals, ideas,
abstraction, and inanimate object with human form, characters or
sensibilities: the representing of imaginary creature or things as having
personalities, intelligence, and emotions.
A dancing shape, an image gay
(Perfect
w
oman, line 9)This personification is indicated by” a dancing shape, an image gay”.
Shape cannot dance like human being. It means that the shape of his
wives’ body can dance.
From the analysis above, the researcher concludes that there are
three figures of speech that used by the author in ‘perfect woman’. They are metaphor, simile and personification. There is no another figures of
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4.1.5 Poem 5
The
w
orld is Too Much with UsThe world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending; we lay waste our powers: Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon; The winds that will be howling at all hours, And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers; For this, for everything, we are out of tune;
It moves us not. Great God! I’d rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn; So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn; Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.
4.1.5.1 The paraphrase of ”The
w
orld is Too Much with Us”The world is too much with us; late and soon. Getting and spending we lay waste our powers, little we see in Nature that is ours. We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon. This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon, the winds that will be howling at all hours, And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers. For this, for everything, we are out of tune, it moves us
not. Great God! I’d rather be, A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn, so
might I, standing on this pleasant lea. Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn, have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, or hear old Triton
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blow his wreathed horn. The speaker complains that "the world" is too
overwhelming for us to appreciate it. We're so concerned about time and
money that we use up all our energy. People want to accumulate stuff, so
they see nothing in Nature that they can "own." According to the speaker,
we have sold our soul. We should be able to appreciate beautiful events
like the moon shining over the ocean and the blowing of strong winds, but
it's like we're on a different wavelength from Nature. The speaker would
rather be a pagan who worships an outdated religion so that when he gazes
out on the ocean (as he's doing now), he might feel less sad. If he were a
pagan, he'd see wild mythological gods like Proteus, who can take many
shapes, and Triton, who looks like a mar-man.
4.1.5.2 Figures of Speech and Its Meaning 1. Simile
Simile is an explicit comparison made between to essentially
unlike things. It is comparison between two dissimilar things that use the
word like or as (Hoeper and Pikering, 1990:64)
The winds that will be howling at all hours And are up gathered now like sleeping flowers
(The
w
orld is Too Much with us, lines 6-7)The simile is indicated by “the winds that will be howling at all hours” and
“and are up gathered now like sleeping flowers”. In the sentences above there are two things which are expressly compared they are the winds like
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sleeping flowers is an image he uses to make the point of how the” winds
that will be howling at all hours” are internal noises or the noise of
industry at all hours. The noise could be either internal or external, but the
simile of the up gathered flowers indicates that the hours are stealing away
harmonious unity with nature.
2. Personification
Personification is s figure of speech which endows animals, ideas,
abstraction, and inanimate object with human form, characters or
sensibilities: the representing of imaginary creature or things as having
personalities, intelligence, and emotions.
This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon
(The
w
orld is Too Much with us, line 5)The personification is indicated by “This sea that bares her bosom to the moon”. In the sentence above there is a thing which is given human attributes or feelings as if it were alive that is the sea. The author compares
the sea to a woman and of the moon to a person who sees the woman.
3. Metaphor
Metaphor is an implied comparison. It compares things or concept that
dissimilar; Perrine (1973:60) defines metaphor as figurative language in
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A pagan suckled in a creed outworn
(The
w
orld is Too Much with us, line 10)The metaphor is indicated by” a pagan suckled in a creed outworn”. In the sentence above there are two unlike objects are implicitly compared they
are a pagan suckled in creed outworn means a creed and outworn. It is a
comparison of creed to a mother nursing her child. This sentence explain
about a pagan who always creed to their idol.
From the analysis above, the researcher concludes that there are
three figures of speech that are used by the author in ‘the
w
orld is TooMuch with us’ poem. They are simile, personification and metaphor. There
is no other figure of speech in this poem.
4.2Discussion
From the data findings above the researcher make some discussion, that
William Wordsworth poem used figures of speech. There are six the kinds of
figures of speech used in William Wordsworth five poems, those are; metaphor,
personification, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, and symbol. Actually there are
twelve kinds of figures of speech, but in this poem only found six figures of
speech. The implicit meanings of figures of speech in William Wordsworth’s
selected poems are about love, nature, sadness, proud, spirit, and pleasure. It has
relation between one poem and another which based on his life experiences.
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one hyperbole, one metonymy, and two symbols that appear in William
Wordsworth selected poems. The table below shows the result of the analysis:
No Poem
Figures of Speech
Metaphor Simile Personification Synecdoche Metony
my Symbol
1 A
Character _ 3 2 _ _ _
2 Daffodils 2 2 5 _ 1 2
3 Perfect
woman 3 2 1 _ _ _
4 With ships the sea was Sprinkled Far and Nigh
_ 2 1 _ _ _
5 The World is Too Much with us
1 1 1 _ _ _
6 Total 5 9 10 _ 1 2
No Poem
Figures of Speech
Allegory Hyperbole Apostrophe paradox understat
ement
Verbal irony
1 A
Character _ _ _ _ _ _
2 Daffodils _ _ _ _ _ _
3 Perfect
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4
With ships the
sea was Sprinkled
Far and Nigh
_ _ _ _ _ _
5
The World is
Too Much with us
1 _ _ _ _ _
6 Total 1 _ _ _ _ _
The researcher concludes that there are two figures of speech that used in ‘a
character’ poem. They are personification and simile. There are one personification and three similes. In the ‘Daffodils’ there are six figures of speech. They are personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, and symbols.
There are five personifications, two similes, two metaphors, one hyperbole, one
metonymy, and two symbols. In the ‘Perfect Woman’ there are three figures of
speech. They are personification, simile, and metaphor. There are one
personification, one simile, three metaphors. In the ‘With Ships the Sea was
sprinkled far and nigh’ there are two figures of speech. They are personification
and simile. There are one personification and two similes. In the ‘World is Too Much with us’ there are three figures of speech. They are personification, simile, and metaphor. There are one personification, one simile, and one metaphor. From
the discussions above, we can see from the table above that the most figure of
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
William Wordsworth is one of the poet in romanticism period. He is an
eminent english poet. His poem is mostly about nature, emotional and personal
artistic. Poetry is kind of language that says more and more intensely than the
ordinary language does. It is one of the examples of literary work. It has its own
characteristic and unique style that also represent the characteristic and the style
of the writer. One of the characteristic poem is using figures of speech. A poet
usually uses figures of speech in order to make a deep and great meaning in a
compact form of a poem. Figure of speech often provides emphasis, freshness of
expression or clarity.
From the discussion explained in the previous chapter, it can be concluded
there are many kind figure of speech and implicit meaning that used in William
Wordsworth’s selected poem. It uses figure of speech by Perrine’s theory. The
most figures of speech found in this poem are personification, simile, metaphor,
hyperbole, metonymy, and symbol.
From the five poems they are, A Character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman, With
Ships The Sea Was Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World is Too Much With
Us, it can concludes, the implicit meanings of figures of speech in William
Wordsworth’s selected poems are about love, nature, sadness, proud, spirit, and
pleasure. It has relation between one poem and another which based on his life
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49
The researcher concludes that there are two figures of speech that used in
‘A character’ poem. They are personification and simile. There are one personification and three similes. In the ‘Daffodils’ there are six figures of speech.
They are personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, and symbols.
There are five personifications, two similes, two metaphors, one hyperbole, one
metonymy, and two symbols. In the ‘Perfect Woman’ there are three figures of
speech. They are personification, simile, and metaphor. There are one
personification, one simile, three metaphors. In the ‘With Ships the Sea was
sprinkled far and nigh’ there are two figures of speech. They are personification and simile. There are one personification and two similes. In the ‘World is Too Much with us’ there are three figures of speech. They are personification, simile, and metaphor. There are one personification, one simile, and one metaphor.
In summary there are the researcher finds ten personifications, nine
similes, five metaphors, one hyperbole, one metonymy, and two symbols that
appear in William Wordsworth selected poems. In this study the researcher also
found that personification is the most frequently used by William Wordsworth in these five poems.
5.2 Suggestion
In this study the researcher revealed three statement of problem on figure
of speech; kind and meaning of figures of speech, and the mostly figure of speech
used in William Wordsworth’s selected poem. There are still many subject of
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50
kind of figure of speech in different objects, for example in a lyric, novel, and
movie. The researcher hopes that her study can gave benefits to other researcher
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51
REFERENCES
Bogdan, Bikken. 1992. Transforming Qualitative Data. New Delhi: Thousand
Oaks.
Bogdan, R. Taylor.S.J.1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research Method. New
York: John Willey and Sons, 1975.
Borg, Waiter R. and Gall, Meredith. 1993. Educational Research: An
Introduction. New York: Longman.
Chierchia, G. & McConnel, S. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to
Semantic. Massachusetts Instute Of Technology.
Di Yanni, Robert. 1994. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and the
Essay. New York: Mc Graw- Hill, inc.
Holmes, Janet. 2001. Introduction to Sosiolinguistic. England: longman, Harlow.
Hurford, J. R., Heasly, B., & Smith, M. B. 2007. Semantic: A Course Book.
Cambridge University Press.
Machmudi, Fais I. 2008. A Study ofFigure of Speech in Humor on “Ngelenong
Nyook...” Trans TV. Surabaya: UNESA University PressUniversity Press
Sukaria, Elmega Febti. 2012. The Study of Figure of Speech in Wystan Hugh
Aueden’ Poem. Surabaya: UNESA University PressUniversity Press.
Perrine, Laurence. 1973. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poetry. New York.
Harcourt College Publisher.
Perrine, Laurence. 1974. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poetry. New York.
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52
Perrine, Laurence. 1988. Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense. New York.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher.
Widdowson. H.G.1975. Stylistic and The Teaching of Literature. London:
Longman Group Limited.
http://Poemhunter.com//william wordsworth.
http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/william wordsworth
(1)
(2)
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
William Wordsworth is one of the poet in romanticism period. He is an eminent english poet. His poem is mostly about nature, emotional and personal artistic. Poetry is kind of language that says more and more intensely than the ordinary language does. It is one of the examples of literary work. It has its own characteristic and unique style that also represent the characteristic and the style of the writer. One of the characteristic poem is using figures of speech. A poet usually uses figures of speech in order to make a deep and great meaning in a compact form of a poem. Figure of speech often provides emphasis, freshness of expression or clarity.
From the discussion explained in the previous chapter, it can be concluded there are many kind figure of speech and implicit meaning that used in William Wordsworth’s selected poem. It uses figure of speech by Perrine’s theory. The most figures of speech found in this poem are personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, and symbol.
From the five poems they are, A Character, Daffodils, Perfect Woman, With Ships The Sea Was Sprinkled Far and Nigh, and The World is Too Much With Us, it can concludes, the implicit meanings of figures of speech in William Wordsworth’s selected poems are about love, nature, sadness, proud, spirit, and pleasure. It has relation between one poem and another which based on his life experiences.
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49
The researcher concludes that there are two figures of speech that used in ‘A character’ poem. They are personification and simile. There are one personification and three similes. In the ‘Daffodils’ there are six figures of speech. They are personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, metonymy, and symbols. There are five personifications, two similes, two metaphors, one hyperbole, one metonymy, and two symbols. In the ‘Perfect Woman’ there are three figures of speech. They are personification, simile, and metaphor. There are one personification, one simile, three metaphors. In the ‘With Ships the Sea was sprinkled far and nigh’ there are two figures of speech. They are personification and simile. There are one personification and two similes. In the ‘World is Too Much with us’ there are three figures of speech. They are personification, simile, and metaphor. There are one personification, one simile, and one metaphor.
In summary there are the researcher finds ten personifications, nine similes, five metaphors, one hyperbole, one metonymy, and two symbols that appear in William Wordsworth selected poems. In this study the researcher also found that personification is the most frequently used by William Wordsworth in these five poems.
5.2 Suggestion
In this study the researcher revealed three statement of problem on figure of speech; kind and meaning of figures of speech, and the mostly figure of speech used in William Wordsworth’s selected poem. There are still many subject of figure of speech that can be analyzed through the further researches such as the
(4)
50
kind of figure of speech in different objects, for example in a lyric, novel, and movie. The researcher hopes that her study can gave benefits to other researcher in stylistic field.
(5)
51
REFERENCES
Bogdan, Bikken. 1992. Transforming Qualitative Data. New Delhi: Thousand Oaks.
Bogdan, R. Taylor.S.J.1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research Method. New York: John Willey and Sons, 1975.
Borg, Waiter R. and Gall, Meredith. 1993. Educational Research: An Introduction. New York: Longman.
Chierchia, G. & McConnel, S. 1990. Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantic. Massachusetts Instute Of Technology.
Di Yanni, Robert. 1994. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and the Essay. New York: Mc Graw- Hill, inc.
Holmes, Janet. 2001. Introduction to Sosiolinguistic. England: longman, Harlow. Hurford, J. R., Heasly, B., & Smith, M. B. 2007. Semantic: A Course Book.
Cambridge University Press.
Machmudi, Fais I. 2008. A Study ofFigure of Speech in Humor on “Ngelenong
Nyook...” Trans TV. Surabaya: UNESA University PressUniversity Press
Sukaria, Elmega Febti. 2012. The Study of Figure of Speech in Wystan Hugh
Aueden’ Poem. Surabaya: UNESA University PressUniversity Press.
Perrine, Laurence. 1973. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poetry. New York. Harcourt College Publisher.
Perrine, Laurence. 1974. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poetry. New York. Harcourt College Publisher.
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Perrine, Laurence. 1988. Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense. New York. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher.
Widdowson. H.G.1975. Stylistic and The Teaching of Literature. London: Longman Group Limited.
http://Poemhunter.com//william wordsworth. http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/william wordsworth