An Analysis Of Code-Mixing In Magazine “Chic”

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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-MIXING IN MAGAZINE “CHIC”

A THESIS

BY:

ESRIWANTY SITINJAK REG. NO. 100705062

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015

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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-MIXING IN MAGAZINE “CHIC” A THESIS

BY:

ESRIWANTY SITINJAK REG.NO. 100705062

Supervisor, Co-Supervisor

Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, MA Drs. M Syafie’ie Siregar, MA 19521126 198112 1 001 19581017 198601 1 001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph.D

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Accepted by the board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held in Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara On Tuesday, February 10th, 2015.

The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S ………

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D ……….... Dr. Matius CA. Sembiring, M.A ………....

Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M.Hum ………

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AUTHORS DECLARATION

I, ESRIWANTY SITINJAK, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A PAPER BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.

NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THE THESIS. THIS

THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED IN ANY TERTIARY

EDUCATION.

Signed : Date :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : ESRIWANTY SITINJAK

TITLE OF THIS THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF CODE-MIXING IN MAGAZINE “CHIC”

QUALIFICATION : S-1 / SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION ON THE LIBRARIAN OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OR THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER LAW OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA.

Signed : Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Time is running up, there have been much moment that I passed in my life, sometimes I feel strong, and sometimes I also fall, Suddenly I feel brave but also sometimes I also feel afraid. Finally I found the one and the only one who now all about me, He is the one who lead me, my life now until forever. He is Jesus Christ. Above and first of all, my honor, praises and thankful to my Almighty Jesus for everything in my life, especially for His blessing in lead me in every moment of doing of this thesis. I really realize that this thesis will never finish without his intervene. Very thank you Jesus.

I would like to thank to Dr. H Syahron Lubis, MA, as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. H Muhizar Muchtar, MS as the Head of English Department, and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph.D as the Secretary of English Department who have facilitated me until the last examination of my graduation and get the degree of Sarjana Sastra. Special for the Administration Staff, Kak Tika who has helped and facilitated me and all my friends.

I would like to express my best thanks to my Supervisor, Dr. Matius C. A Sembiring, MA and my Co-supervisor Drs. M Syafie’ie Siregar, MA for their effort, and motivation when guiding me in finishing this thesis. May God always bless them in committing their responsibility as lectures, leader, guide to the whole students wherever they are. To all lectures in English Department, thank you for teaching and giving me lessons and for making me understand about the meaning of true life. Very wish that all of them become wonderful lectures in this university ever.

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My lovely thanks are addressed to my beloved family, my father K. Sitinjak, and my mother N. Situmorang, S,Pd. Also to all my sister and brother, Franjelyta Sitinjak, Abdi Santo Sumitro Sitinjak, Erda Rahmayanti Sitinjak, And Rafael Widyanto Sitinjak for giving me your attention, fund and everything that you provide for me from I start studying in university until finishing it, thanks for all so I can stand here as myself today, I love you and I am so thankful for having you. For my uncle, D. Situmorang/ R. Siregar, thank you for supporting me and also pray for me always. And not forget to my all big family that I can’t mention one by one, very thank to all of your support. May God always bless all of you.

I would like to express my special thanks also to Kebaktian Oikumene Gloria (K.O Gloria) as the place where I grew up, and I get many joy here. Thanks to Koordinasi 25: Rano Ndraha, Chapryn Saragi as my best friend, Aida Panjaitan, Gety Harianja, Ridwan Pakpahan, and Rejeki Pakpahan for spent time with me as long as fifteen months (1 tahun 3 bulan). Many stories with all of you, and thank for your tears, laughs, supports, entertainments, and pray that you had given to me. To my small group, Corpus Christi, Kak Evi as my great PKK, Andi Manurung, Anza Meigani Ginting, And Ronal Sihombing, thanks for supporting me, feel happiness and sadness with me, heard all my story, and keep praying with me. May we always grow in God. Also to my small group who lead by me, Daniel, Sartika, and Santoso, thanks for caring and praying to your sister, I love you.

A special thank also addressed to someone special too, my sweet brother Natanael Siregar, who always pray for me, support me, remind me with this thesis

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as my main focus, share many happiness and sadness, also your willing to hear my fussy. May God always in our first priority and God bless you.

To the other friends in Gloria, Dewi Hutabarat as my roommate, Keynes Harianja (Bang Key) as my commitment brother, Riko Simatupang, Sri Lestari &, Vitri Diartha as my sweet friend, Daolan Jo as my amazing brother, Arihta LG, Bang Jose, Bang Cintaku, David as my kind young brother Devi, Lisa, Siska, Iin, Devintan, Kanti, Atun, Leni, and all the friends in Gloria who I can’t say your name one by one, very thank to all of you, for all of your love, laugh, support. I must admitted that all of you is my best friend. Also not forget with my Fellow, Henni Florida Panjaitan, thank you for being my friend as long as I study in our Campus, thank for helped me in many things, for laugh, for cry, for many stories with you, hope that we can keep our friendship until forever. Also to my friends in English Literature especially class B, thanks for our friendship in this four year. May all of us get the best in our future.

Finally, I hope this thesis will give advantage for the readers, especially for who are interested in same field.

May the grace and love of Jesus Christ are with us all forever. Amin.

Medan, February 10th 2015

Esriwanty Sitinjak Reg. No. 100705062

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ABSTRAK

Dalam skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis of Code-Mixing in magazine “CHIC”, penulis menganalisis campur-kode berdasarkan teori Wardaugh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis campur-kode yang terdapat didalam majalah “CHIC”. Langkah yang dilakukan penulis adalah mencari dan memilih majalah “CHIC”, kemudian penulis membaca isi keseluruhan majalah dan menentukan “story” sebagai topik yang akan dijadikan sebagai sumber data dimana “story” berisikan cerita pendek dari lima orang penulis yang berbeda. Kemudian penulis membaca kelima cerita pendek tersebut dan menuliskan kata yang adalah campur-kode. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Setelah menganalisis cerita pendek tersebut, ditemukan ditemukan 22 intra-sentential code-mixing dan 12 inter-sentential code-mixing. Dari cerita pendek tersebut juga ditemukan 35 campur-kode dari 33 kalimat. Kemudian kata tersebut diklasifikasikan berdasarkan fungsi masing-masing. Skripsi ini juga berisikan alasan umum orang-orang menggunakan campur-kode. Dalam skripsi ini juga ditemukan factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi cerita pendek berdasarkan teori Dell Hymes yaitu SPEAKING (Setting and scene, Participants, Ends, Act of Sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms of Interaction and Interpretation, and Genres)Penulis juga menemukan gangguan bahasa yang terjadi sebagai akibat dari campur kode.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled, “An analysis of code-mixing in magazine CHIC”, the writer analyze code-mixing based on theory of Wardaugh. This research aimed to know kinds of code-mixing in magazine CHIC. The step that done by the writer namely seek and choose the magazine will used by the writer, Then the writer read all the contents of the magazine and choose “story” as the topic that become data source, where “story” is about the short story wrote by five different writer. Then, the writer read that topic and wrote the word which is called code-mixing. Then the data analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. After analysed the short story, found 22 intra-sentential code-mixing and 12 inter-sentential code-mixing. In this thesis found the factors that influence the short story based on Dell Hymes theory. The writer also found an interference that occurs because of code-mixing.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………... i

AUTHORS DECLARATION………... ii

ABSTRAK iv

ABSTRACT………... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS………... …… vi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study……… 1

1.2 Problems of the Study………..6

1.3 Objectives of the Study……….7

1.4 Scope of the Study……….7

1.5 Significance of the Study………8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Sociolinguistics………9

2.2 Speech Community……….11

2.3 Code-mixing………13

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2.3.2 Factors that influence code-mixing………17 2.4 Interference………22 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design……….25 3.2 Data and Data Source………27 3.3 Step of Research………....28 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Analysis………..29 4.2 Findings………..47 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion………..50 5.2 Suggestion………..51 REFERENCES……… …..52 APPENDIX 1

Code-mixing in story of magazine CHIC... APPENDIX 2

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ABSTRAK

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ABSTRACT

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Sanggam (2007:1) says, “Language is a unique human inheritance that plays the very important role in human’s life, such as in thinking, communicating ideas, negotiating with others”.

It is true that the language is a unique thing, it can be seen that though human being mix different words of different language, the human still understand.

English is use as the dominant International language. Almost in all aspects, such as communications, sciences, entertainments, diplomacy, aviation, business, and the internet, using English. Therefore, to study English, learners needs to look no further than internet or media, which is dominate as English language.

English as one of the International Languages use is not just dealing with other countries, but it is also used to deepen and develop science because scientific books as well as experts still imported from abroad. In Indonesia, English is studied not only in school, but also outside of school or course in which development is very rapid. Many English books sold in stores, and it shows that English really indispensable. Learning English language is important in nowadays. In addition, over one billion people currently learn English.

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English as the most widely taught and understood language in the world, and sometimes is describe as a lingua franca. English language is the determined as the first foreign language to be teaching in Indonesia. It is conducted in national curriculum. It has already taught at the primary school level up to the university level. Therefore, in learning English, students must acquire the four language skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. Up to now, the study of English has probably focused on the study of English grammar, and how sentences formed in English.

That is why in this modern era which full with global competition like at this time, mastery of English is a very valuable asset for academics student and professionals in all fields. Nowadays, as an International Language, the usage of English more widely and intensively almost on Faculty, Schools, Departments and specialties offered by institutions of higher education. In addition, scientific literature including various religious studies are also becoming much written in English. Therefore, a more adequate skills in applying the rules of English grammar is imperative undue negotiable.

This thesis discusses about code-mixing. Code-mixing learned in discipline of sociolinguistic. Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary science between sociology and linguistics, the two disciplines that is very closely. So, to understand what sociolinguistics, it is necessary to discuss it first what is meant by the sociological and linguistic. As social beings, interacting becomes an inevitable thing for human beings. In interaction, language as a means of communication needed. In public communication can take place in more than one language. Especially in the era of rapid development of communication tools today. Nowadays, every person

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is able to communicate in two languages, regional languages and the national language or the first language and second language. A person who mastered more than one language will not be aware of or exposed to the effects / consequences of the use of 2 (or more) languages. Some of them are symptoms of code switching and code mixing.

Hymes (1974: vii) said that sociolinguistics could be taken to refer to use of linguistic data and analyses in other disciplines, concerned with social life, and conversely, to use of social data and analyses in linguistics. The word could also be taken to refer to correlations between languages and societies, and between particular linguistic and social phenomena.

Hudson (1980) defines that in code-switching the point at which the languages change corresponds to a point where the situation change, either on its own or precisely because the languages changes. There are other cases, however where a fluent bilingual talking to another fluent bilingual changes language without any change at all in the situation. This kind of alternation is called CODE-MIXING for conversational code-switching.

When we see the school that is also have the different background, there are 34 Province in Indonesia, every country is have each different rate. It make someone able to know event to covered more than one language. Now, every school from senior high school have learned the other language, usually is English. Event, there is some school that is using the other language (international language) become their preface word in the activity of learning-teaching. Example: English, Germany, French, etc.

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Nowadays, we need some media to know some information. There is television, Radio, Magazine, etc. when we watching television, we found some information within the picture and sound there, from radio, we just heard the voice of announcer in brought that program throughout the air. From magazine, we find some picture there that is related with the information that we want to read there, we will not heard voice there. In writing some information, it must have creativity so that the people who want to read our article is interested. Many tricks that used by the writers, such as, take the picture in that information, the usage of language that is interested to many people, etc.

“CHIC” is the magazine that is purposed for the teenager approach to adult. This magazine contains many information whether it for men or women, like fashion (cloth, shoes, jewels, etc). Also about the actor or actress that is shining in the world, there are many tips, about the short story, etc. To make or to write that information, “CHIC” make it all as interest as possible. From the writing procedures, language, the pictures that make everybody that read “CHIC” is satisfy, that is why the writer use this magazine to become the source of data. The writer use “CHIC” with four edition namely 161, 162, 163, 164, and 165 th edition.The Editor in chief actually is Emma R Aliudin but she resigned and replaced by Trinzi Mulamawitri. CHIC always published every ten days. CHIC is established in April, nine years ago. The website of this magazine namely

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Usually “CHIC” consist of 130 pages. It has many topics, such as People that tell about many people that is famous in the world, Chic Online and Ala Mode that tell about fashion, about relationship, cover story, etc. Also CHIC have the short story. And the writer choose “story” that tell about the short story as the source of data.

The writer choose this also because this is tell about the story that is happened to many people or maybe this the experienced of the creator of the story. The creator of the story is Indonesian people. This is showed us that Indonesian people is usual to mix their language even in our country’s language (Batak, Java, etc) or maybe the other country language (English, France, etc).

The writer of the story mix the language so that it interested to read by many people because the people that usual to read the short story is the teenager or maybe the woman and as the writer said before, the people in Indonesia is usual to mix their language. They mix it because they think it impressive and good. It also done because when the writer of the short story wrote their short story, there are the word who can’t explained by them into the right Bahasa Indonesia.

For example:

1. Kita sangat excited untuk menjalankan bisnis baru ini, sepertinya dari beberapa cabang yang sudah kita buka, orang-orang tertarik untuk mencobanya.

2. Denny akan berbicara tentang kekuatan mimpi, tentang “soulmates” yang hadir dalam hidupnya dalam berbagai fungsi dan wujud untuk memberikan pengalaman dan pelajaran yang dia butuhkan.

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Basically, the conversation that write in this magazine causes interference for Bahasa Indonesia. The writer in this magazine, switch or mix their language both English and Bahasa Indonesia. They mix and switch their utterance when interviewer ask them because they were actor and actress that is usual for go international. They must cover two language, and that language usually English and Bahasa Indonesia.

Chaer and Agustina (1995:163) says, “Penggunaan serpihan kata, frasa, dan klausa dari bahasa lain yang terdapat di dalam kalimat dapat juga dianggap sebagai Interferensi pada tingkat kalimat”. It means that the use of fragments of words, phrases, and clauses from other languages contained in the sentence can also considered as interference at the sentence level.

Interference occurs as an automatic transfer because of the learner’s habit or because the two languages that are learned are not well separated. As English is learned by speakers of various languages across the world, interferences of other languages in English are pretty common. What has been described before as forms of the non-native English varieties or the sub-standard ones may all be included as interferences. Thus, the sentences my sister, the expression okay lah, or think is pronounced /tink/, with is pronounced /wit/, are example of interferences.

1.2 Problems of the Study

Based on the description stated in the background of this thesis that there are three questions drawing, they are:

1. How many kinds of code-mixing in the text that can be found in Story of “CHIC”?

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1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study can be formulated as follows:

1. To find out kinds of code mixing used in story “CHIC” that using by the writers of the story.

2. To see the factors that influenced the short story of “CHIC” based on Dell Hymes theory.

1.4 Scope of the Study

When someone want to do a research on a code-mixing there can be many things to be discussed, therefore in circumstances the writer of this thesis want to limit her discussing just deal with the kinds of code-mixing, the reasons of the writers of the story mix their linguistics aspects, and to see the interference used in the text. The writer use the theory of Wardaugh (Wardaugh 2010:98) says, “code-mixing (also called code “code-mixing) can occur in conversation between speakers’ turn or within a single speaker’s turn”. In the latter case it can occur in conversation between sentences (inter-sententially) or within a single sentence (intra-sententially). Furthermore, the writer is interested in analyzing interference that appears in their utterances because of code-mixing.

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1.5 Significance of the Study

This research is expected to provide benefits for the practical and theoretical developments in general linguistics and sociolinguistics in particularly. Practical benefit is closely related to understand code mixing, to know more about code-mixing, and to know how many types code-mixing.

The theoretical benefit this research is to help explain aspects of the language that cannot be reached by the description of syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics in linguistic studies.

Furthermore, the writer hopes that this research can enrich the sociolinguistics literature.

Nasution (1988:5) says, “Penelitian kualitatif pada hakekatnya ialah mengamati orang dalam lingkungan hidupnya, berinteraksi dengan mereka, berusaha memahami bahasa dan tafsiran mereka tentang dunia sekitarnya”.

It means that qualitative researcher in reality is observed the people in their life circles, interact with them, effort to understand their language and interpretation about their circle life.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that takes language as an object of study, in a way that is usually distinguished from how syntax, semantics, morphology, and phonology handle it. It is a field that analyzed language as part of social property. The study explores the function and the varieties of language, the contacts between different languages, attitudes of people towards language use and users, changes of language, as well as plan on language. In the early definition of the study, some linguists used the term sociology of language, while others named it sociolinguistics. The difference between the names was agreed by some, though today most scholars in the field see it as an insignificant issue. In reference to the difference, the term sociolinguistics was used more to refer to the study of language in relation to society, whereas, sociology of language is used mainly to refer to the study of society in relation to language. Thus, in sociology of language, the emphasized object of study is societies, whereas in sociolinguistics, the focus of study is language. Although the different emphasis seems to make a sense, in practice the discussions inevitably overlap.

The term sociolinguistics has gained much more popularity both in the studies and in the literatures discussing the subject. The following definitions on the subject used sociolinguistics as the names of the fields:

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Wardaugh, (2010:12) said that sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationships between language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and of how languages function in communication. The equivalent goal in the sociology of language is trying to discover how social structure can be better understood through the study of language.

Spolsky, (1998: 3) said that sociolinguistics is the field that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. It is a field of study that assumes that human society is made up of many related patterns and behaviours, some of which are linguistics.

Chambers (2009:10) said that Sociolinguistics are sometimes accused of giving more space to their methods than to their results.

Hudson (1980:4-5) defined sociolinguistics as the study of language in relation to society, implying (intentionally) that sociolinguistics is part of the study of language.

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The existence of patterned variation in language makes it possible to identify ourselves and others as belonging to certain groups. The social prestige or stigma associate with these variations makes language a source of social and political power. Only by including both linguistic and social factors in our analysis can this complex but rule-governed behavior be account for. To do this is chosen goal of the sociolinguist.

2.2 Speech Community

The term speech community is widely used by sociolinguists to refer to a community based on language, but linguistics community is also used with the same meaning. If speech communities can be delimited, then they can be studied, and it may be possible to find interesting differences between communities which correlate with differences in their language.

For general linguistics in Spolsky’s Book (1998:25) the speech community is a complex interlocking network of communication whose members share knowledge about and attitudes towards the language use patterns of others as well as themselves. There is no theoretical limitation on the location and size of a speech community, which is in practice defined by its sharing a set of language varieties (its repertoire) and a set of norms for using them.

Hymes, (1974:47) says, “Speech community is a necessary, primary concept in that, if taken seriously, it postulates the unit of description as a social, rather than linguistic, entity. one starts with a social group and considers the entire organization of linguistic means within it, rather than start with some one partial, named organization of linguistic means, called a language”.

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Hymes also said that speech community is necessary, primary concept in that, if taken seriously, it postulates the unit of description as a social, rather than linguistic, entity. One starts with a social group and considers the entire organization of linguistics means within it, rather than start with someone partial, named organization of linguistic means, called “language”. This is vital because the notion of “a language” can carry with it a confussion of several notions and attributes that in fact have to be sorted out.

The idea that the members of a speech community share norms about the selection of varieties is important. Though they might not all know and use each of the varieties, they recognize the condition under which other members of the community believe that it is appropriate to use each of them.

According to Spolsky (1998), the speech community is, therefore, the abstract ‘space’ studied in sociolinguistics, the location in which the patterned variations in selection from the available repertoire takes place.

Wardhaugh (1986:120) defined that a speech community is defined as much by what it is not as what it is. The group must manifest regular relationships between language use and social structure, and there must be norms.

To participate in speech community, is not quite the same as to be a member of it. Here we encounter the limitation of any conception of speech community in terms of knowledge alone, even knowledge of patterns of speaking as well as of grammar, and of course of any definition in terms of interaction alone. Just the matter of accent may erect a barrier between participation and membership in one case, although be ignore in another.

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A speech community is defined, then tautologically but radically, as a community sharing knowledge of rules for the conduct and interpretation of speech. Such sharing comprises knowledge of at least one form of speech, and knowledge also of it’s patterns of use. Both condition are necessary. Since both kinds of knowledge may be shared apart from common membership in a community, an adequate theory of language requires additional notion, such as language field, speech field, and speech network, and requires the contribution of social science in characterizing the notions of community.

In every group of people there is a need for communicative, such as a process of socialization or group solidarity. These needs will never be met, if not shared linguistic norms are adhered together in order to maintain and develop the society as a whole. Language that makes a society becomes centripetal, meaning that the language tends to absorb people into a single unit. Unity of society because they adhere to the norms of the same linguistic community we name the language.

2.3 Code-Mixing

Talk about switching, usually followed by a discussion of code-mixing. Code-mixing occurs when a language speakers, for example, Indonesian incorporate elements into the regional language Indonesian conversation. In other words, someone who speaks with the main code Indonesian who has it autonomy function, while the local language code that is involved in a major code fragments without function or autonomy as a code.

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Code-mixing refers to the mixing of two or more languages or languages varieties in speech. Some scholars use the terms “code-mixing” interchangeable, especially in studies of syntax, morphology, and other formal aspects of language. Others assume more specific definitions of code-mixing, but these specific definitions may be different in different subfields of linguistics, education theory, communications, etc.

Code-mixing is similar to the use or creation of pidgins, but while a pidgin is created across groups that do not share a common language, code-mixing may occur within a multilingual setting where speakers share more than one language.

Some linguists use the terms code-mixing more or less interchangeably. Especially in formal studies of syntax, morphology, etc. Both terms are used to refer to utterances that draw from elements of two or more grammatical systems. These studies are often interested in alignment of elements from distinct systems, or on constraints that limit switching.

While linguists have worked to describe the difference between code-switching and borrowing of words or phrases, the term code-mixing may be used to encompass both types of language behavior.

Hudson (1996:53-55) said that, in code-switching the point at which the languages change corresponds to a point where the situation changes, either on its own or precisely because the languages changes. There are other cases, however, where a fluent bilingual talking to another fluent bilingual changes language without any change at all in the situation. This kind of alternation is called code-mixing (or conversational code-switching, a rather unhelpful name).

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The purpose of code-mixing seems to be to symbolize a somewhat ambiguous situation for which neither language on its own would be quite right. To get the right effect the speakers balance the two language against each other as kind of linguistics cocktail, a few words of one language, then a few words of the other, then back to the first for a few more words and soon. The changes generally take place more or less randomly as far as subject-matter is concerned, but they seem to be limited by the sentence-structure.

An important question about code-mixing is what syntactic constrains apply to it, and attempts to answer this question have constituted one of the main points of contact over the last few years between sociolinguistics and non-social linguistics. There is no doubt that there are syntactic constraints, people to belong code-mixing communities can judge whether particular constructed code-mixed examples are permitted or not, and these judgments are on the whole born out by studies of text.

The reason why code-mixing has interested non-social linguists is that these restrictions call for an explanation. Are they peculiarities of each languages pair involved in mixing, or are there more general patterns that apply to all code-mixing, and if there are, what are they and who do they exist? the research is still in its infancy and the results are quite inconclusive, but it hard to avoid the conclusion that constraints vary from community to community in spite of the enthusiastic attempts to provide universal explanation.

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Made Irawan (2010:79) said that if its involved changing into a foreign clause or a sentence, it should be defined as a code-switching, but if it involves uses of foreign phrases or group of words, it is code-mixing. Another view considers the formality of the situation, in which mixing is said to be found in the less formal situation while switching is possibly done in a formal one. Another way is by considering the bilinguals level of fluency in the languages (codes). To this perspective of bilinguals can perform mixing while the less skilled ones may only do switching.

The concept of code-mixing is used to refer to a more general form of language contact that may include cases of code-switching and the other form of contacts which emphasizes the lexical items.

2.3.1 Kinds of Code Mixing

Hudson (1980:53-54) Says that in code switching at which the languages change corresponds to a point where the situation changes. There are other cases, however where a fluent bilingual talking to another fluent bilingual changes language without any change at all in the situation. The kind of alternation is called code mixing (or conversational code-switching, a rather unhelpful name). The purpose of code-mixing seems to be symbolize a somewhat ambiguous situation for which neither language on its own would be quiet right.

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To get the right effect the speakers balance the two languages against each other as kind of linguistic cocktail. A few words of one language, then a few words of the other, then back to the first for a few more words and so on. The changes generally take place more or less randomly as far as subject-matter is concerned, but they seem to be limited by the sentence structure, as we shall see.

An important question about code-mixing is what syntactic constraints apply to it, an attemps to answer this question has constituted one of the main points of contact over the last few years between sociolinguistics and non-sociolinguistics. There are no doubt that there are syntactic constraints. People who belong to code-mixing communities can judge whether particular constructed code-mixed examples are permitted or not, and these judgment are on the whole born out by studies of texts.

Wardaugh (2006:98) says, “code-mixing (also called code mixing) can occur in conversation between speakers’ turn or within a single speaker’s turn”. In the latter case it can occur in conversation between sentences (inter-sententially) or within a single sentence (intra-sententially).

2.3.2 Factors that influence code-mixing

Hymes (1974:53-62), said that the setting and scene are places, occasions, or natural situations that can influence the people in choosing the code. People may consider choosing a more formal variety of a language when talking in an office than when talking in a picnic place. A more moderate attitude in speaking is also found in a ritual or ceremonial occasion than in a street or supermarket. There

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are some factors that influence code-mixing we usually short it becomes SPEAKING, namely:

1. Setting and Scenes

Setting refers to the time and place of a speech act and in general to the physical circumstances. Scene, which is distinct from setting, designates the psychological setting, or the cultural definition of an occasion as a certain type of scene. Within a paly on the same stage with the same stage set the dramatic time may shift ten years later. In daily life the same persons in the same setting may redefine their interaction as the changed type of scene, say from formal to informal, serious to festive, or the like. Setting and scene may be linked as components of act situation. Since scene implies always an analysis of cultural definition, setting probably is to be preferred as the informal, unmarked term for the two.

2. Participants

The participants are the people involved in the communication foun in the setting. Participants can be used to refer to at least two parties to speak. The first party is the first or the speakers, and the second is the partner speech. In time and certain situations can also happen that the number of participants is more than two, namely the presence of a third party. election code associated with speech component will involve two dimensions of human social, solidarity, concerning the relationship with the partner speakers’ speech that had been built previously and power, the issues related to the age, rank and social status of the participants’ speech.

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3. Ends

The ends are the goalss or the purposes that a speaker wishes to reach. If a political party delivers a speech in a campaign, he/she wishes to persuade the crowd before him/her in order to receive support for the election. However if the moher speaks to her son before he leaves for school, she might want her son to behave himself in the school. Thus, for different ends, speakers a language often choose different code.

4. Act of Sequence

The act sequence refers to the order of a speech, a narrative, a conversation, or a talking. A formal speech for example, is set carefully with an opening expression, followed with an introduction, a story, before entering the main topic. The sequence in speaking is the considered to be also an important factor to consider.

5. Key

Key is introduced to provide for the tone, manner, or spirit in which an act is done. It correspond is roughly to modality among grammatical categories. Acts otherwise the same as regards setting, participants, message form, and the like may differ in key.

Key is often conventionally ascribe to an instance of some other component as its attribute, seriousness, for example, may be the expected concomitant of a scene, participant, act, code, or genre. Yet there is always the possibility that there is a conventionally understood way of substituting an

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alternative key. In this respect, ritual remains always informative. Knowing what should happen next, one still can attend to the way in which it happens.

The significance of key is underline by the fact that, when it is in conflict with the overt content of an act, it often overrides the latter. The signaling of key may be nonverbal, as with a wink, gesture, posture, style of dress, musical accompaniment but it also commonly involves conventional units of speech too often disregarded in ordinary linguistic analysis, such as English aspiration and vowel length to signal emphasis. Such features are often termed expressive, but are better dubbed stylistic since they need not at all depend on the mood of their user.

6. Instrumentalities

The instrumentalities are referred to the register and forms of the speech. The forms that might be under consideration are whether it will be delivered in a more formal way or a casual friendly one.

7. Norms of Interaction and Interpretation

All rules governing speaking, of course, have a normative character. What is intended here are the specific behavior and proprieties that attach, that one must not interrupt, for example, or that one may freely do so, the normal voice should not be used, except when scheduled in a church service, that turns in speaking are to be allocated in a certain way. Norms of interaction obviously implicate analysis of social structure and social relationships generally in a community.

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An account of norms of interaction may still open leave open the interpretation to be placed upon them, especially when members of different communities are in communication. The problem of norms of interpretation is familiar from the assessment of communications from other governments and national leaders. One often looks for friendliness in lessened degree of overt hostility. Relations between groups within a country are often affected by misunderstanding on this score.

8. Genres

By genres are meant categories such as poem, myth, tale, proverb, riddle, curse, prayer, oration, lecture, commercial, form letter, editorial, etc. From one standpoint the analysis of speech into instances of genres.

The common notion of casual, or unmarked speech, however, points up the fact that there is a great range in the ease with such markers have been identified. It remains that unmarked casual speech can be recognize as such in a context where it is not expected or where it is being exploited for particular effect. It’s lesser visibility may be a function of our own orientations and use of it. It’s profile may be as sharp as any other, once we succeed. in seeing it as strange.

Genres often coincide with speech events, but must be treated as analytically independent of them. They may be occur in different events. The sermon as genre is typically identical with a certain place in church service, but it’s properties may be invoked, for serious or humorous effect, in other situations. To make the set of component mnemonically convenient, at least in English, the letters of the terms SPEAKING can be used. The component can be grouped

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together in relation to the eight letter without great difficulty. Clearly, the use of speaking as a mnemonic code word has nothing to do with the form of an eventual model and theory.

2.4 Interference

As loanword, loan blend, and loan shift, interference is also a form of language contact. The term is originally used to refer to the deviation from the norm of using a language that occurs in the speech of bilinguals as an effect of their familiarity with another language. The deviation includes cases of using a single word, phrase, clause that belong to a language in another language, as well as the sound of language which is influenced by the sound found in another language, or the spelling system usually used in a language which is then used in another language. With such a scope, the concept of interference must be overlapping with code-switching, code-mixing, and word-borrowing.

Chaer And Agustina (1995:163) says, “Penggunaan serpihan kata, frasa, dan klausa dari bahasa lain yang terdapat didalam kalimat dapat juga dianggap sebagai interferensi pada tngkat kalimat”. It means that, the use of fragment of words, phrases, and clauses from other languages contained in the sentence can also be considered as interference at the sentence level).

Example:

- Sebenarnya, saya tidak begitu mengerti tentang gadget, tapi saya suka foto, foto selfie dan Instagram.

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- Di awal karier, ternyata Ellie tidak pernah menyangka kalau album pertamanya Lights, yang dirilis empat tahun yang lalu akan secepat itu booming.

- Ketika ditanya oleh temannya, dia hanya menjawab kalau dia sedang apik-apik wae.

- etc.

From the example above, (Chaer and Agustin, 1995:164) give the conclusion about the difference between code-mixing and interference. They says, “Campur kode mengacu pada tingkat digunakannya serpihan-serpihan bahasa lain dalam menggunakan suatu bahasa tertentu, sedangkan interferensi mengacu pada adanya penyimpangan dalam menggunakan suatu bahasa dengan memasukkan suatu sistem bahasa lain, yang bagi golongan puris dianggap sebagai suatu kesalahan”.

It means that code-mixing refers to the levels of use of other languages flakes in using a particular language, whereas interference refers to the existence of irregularities in the use of language by incorporating another language system, which for the purist faction regarded as an error).

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In addition to this, sociolinguists usually suggest applying a functional-syllabus that emphasizes developing communication needs. The success in mastering a target language, however, is not only a matter of adopting correct methods or approaches. Lots of people believed that an achievement may also be gained by considering how the students, the teachers, as well as the people around the learners. Perceive and judge the language, the culture, and the speakers of the language being learned.

Thus the notion of interference include the use of elements belonging to a language when speaking in another language and application of two language systems simultaneously on a language element, and consequently a deviation from the norm every language that occurs in bilingual speech.

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CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design

Spolsky (1998:14), says “Sociolinguists believe that the study of language must go beyond the sentences that are the principal focus of descriptive and theoretical linguistics. It must go beyond language and bring in social context. It must deal with the ‘real’ texts that make up human communication and the social situations in which they are used. The focus of attention shifts from sentence to the act of communication”.

This thesis will be done by applying the qualitative method of case study. In this study, the approach is taken through a qualitative approach. This mean that the data collected is not the form of numbers but the data come from the text interviews, field notes, personal documents, and other official documents. The goal of this qualitative study is to describe the empirical reality behind the phenomenon in depth, and completely. Therefore the use of a qualitative method in this research is to match the empirical reality of the prevailing theory using descriptive methods.

Furchan, (1992:22) says, “Metode Kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif: Ucapan atau tulisan dan prilaku yang dapat diamati dari orang-orang (subjek) itu sendiri. It means that, qualitative method is the research procedure that is produce descriptive data. The utterance or writing and the behavior that can observed from it subject.

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Nasution (1988:5), “Penelitian kualitatif pada hakekatnya ialah mengamati orang dalam lingkungan hidupnya, berinteraksi dengan mereka, berusaha memahami bahasa dan tafsiran mereka tentang dunia sekitarnya.. It means that, the qualitative researcher admitted that there is the world out of themselves and they don’t known that world completely. so, willi nilly, they must see that world from their sight.

To do a research of language, the researcher can use some method. For example yield research, library research, or experimental research. The research that write in this thesis tell about the language used by the writers of the short story in “CHIC”.

So, related with the topic that researched about code-mixing which is write in the short story of that magazine. As explain before, that if the researcher collect the data from informan, then it be the source of data, it can categorize that research in to the yield research.

In this situation, the researcher collect the data from that magazine. Therefore, can be said that the data take from the written data. As the theory of research that if the data take from the written source, the research is categorize to library research.

The step that done by the researcher namely, collected the magazine that tell in the title and background. After the magazine collected, the researcher take the linguistics data which contains code-mixing. After the data collected, so the researcher tabulated it as the kinds of mixing (words, phrases, and clauses). After finished, it can to be analyzed.

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3.2 Data and Data Source

In writing this thesis, the data is taken up from magazine. There are one magazine that the writer get for the source of data. The magazine is “CHIC”. “CHIC” is the magazine that role for the teenager approach to adult. This magazine is contains many information whether it for men or women, like fashion (cloth, shoes, jewels, etc). Also about the actor or actress that is shining in the world, there are many tips, about the short story, etc. To make or to write that information, “CHIC” make it all as interest as possible. From the writing procedures, language, the pictures that make everybody that read “CHIC” is satisfy. I use “CHIC” with four edition namely 161, 162, 163, and 164 th edition. The Editor in chief actually is Emma R Aliudin but she resigned and replaced by Trinzi Mulamawitri.

CHIC always published every ten days. CHIC is established in April, seventeen years ago. Usually “CHIC” is consist of 130 pages. It has many topics, such as People that tell about many people that is famous in the world, Chic Online and Ala Mode that tell about fashion, about relationship, cover story, etc. And the writer chose “story” because it is about the short story that usually read by many people, and even many people have the ability to write the short story. The writer often to use code-mixing in their short story because the reader is Indonesian people, and Indonesian people usual to mix even switch their language. This magazine is published in Indonesia.

The writer is searching many magazine and at last, the writer found this magazine. After looked all the element of this magazine, the writer decided this magazine to be the source of data. The writer take five edition of one magazine.

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The name of magazine namely “CHIC”. The magazine is edition 161, 162, 163, and 164 and 165. There are many topics in this magazine, such as fashion, mode, style, cover story, etc. The writer at last chose “story” as the data.

The writer focused on this topic because “Story” tell about the short story and usually many people like to read, event to write the short story itself. The contents of the short story consist of many sentences and we can find code-mixing in every short story. After that, the writer copied all short story as the data of this thesis.

3.3 Step of Research

The step of the research of this research namely:

1. The writer of this thesis eek the magazine that will use for this thesis, then the writer choose 5 edition of the magazine namely edition 161, 162, 163, 164, and 165.

2. The writer read the contents of magazine.

3. Then, the writers of this thesis select the topics from the magazine that use to be data source of this thesis and the topics is “story”. Story tell about short story, wrote by different writers in every short story. 4. After select the topics, the writer of this thesis read all the short story. 5. Then, the write find the word that mix in this short story. from the fifth

magazine, there are thirty three words that mix in this magazine. 6. The writer analyze the words that mix in the story.

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CHAPTER IV

DESCRIPTION AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis

Code-mixing refers to the mixing of two or more languages or language varieties in speech. Some scholars use the terms “code-mixing and code-switching interchangeably, especially in study of syntax, morphology and other formal aspects of language. Other assume more specific definitions of code-mixing, but these specific definitions may be different in different subfields of linguistics, educations theory, communications, etc.

Some linguists use the terms code-mixing and code-switching more or less interchangeably. Especially in formal studies of syntax, morphology, etc, both terms are used to refer to utterances that draw from elements of two or more grammatical systems. These studies are often interested in the alignment of element from distinct system, or on constraints that limit switching.

In chapter II, the writers writes that Wardaugh (2006:98) says “code-switching (also called code-mixing) can occur in conversation between speaker’s turns or within a single speaker’s turn”. In the latter case it can occur between sentences (inter-sententially) or within a single sentence (intra-sententially).

1. Aku dengan rentetan deadline

Analysis:

sepanjang hari yang lupa bahwa harusnya ada rentetan tawa yang diraih.

From the word “Aku dengan rentetan deadline sepanjang hari yang lupa bahwa harusnya ada rentetan tawa yang diraih”, using word that is mix here, is

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deadline. The meaning of deadline in Bahasa Indonesia is “batas waktu”. It usual for people to using the word “deadline” than use the the word “batas waktu ” itself. It also happened to the writer of the short story. As tell above, Wardaugh classify the kinds of code mixing in to two namely Intra-sentential code-mixing and Intra-sentential code-mixing. So from the definition, t his sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

2. Ka, hari lain please Analysis:

…

The word, “Ka, hari lain please” is code-mixing because there are the two word that is mix in this sentence. The word “please” as code-mixing in this sentence have the meaning as ‘tolong, mohon’. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

3. Arina memasang emoticon Analysis:

sedih.

From the word, “Arina memasang emoticon sedih” use the word that is mix here namely emoticon.. The using of this word have usual for many people especially in Indonesia. The meaning of this word itself is “simbol, ekspresi”. This word is not found in dictionary, it means that this is not real Bahasa Indonesia. This word is the lend word (Bahasa pinjaman) from English language. That is why people more usual to use to use “emoticon” than then the word “simbol, tanda, or maybe ekspresi”. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

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4. Aku melanjutkan mengetik keypad ponsel smartphone Analysis:

ku.

The sentence “Aku melanjutkan mengetik keypad ponsel smartphoneku” using word that is mix here namely “keypad ponsel smartphone ku”. There are three word that can classify as code-mixing. There word “keypad” that usually use in electronic world and have the meanining in Bahasa Indonesia namely “tombol”, then word “ponsel” that actually from English language namely “phone” it means this is the lend word, and then, we can see the word “smartphone” is the name for the phone like android. The three of this word (keypad, ponsel, smartphone) is usual by people in phone world. People rare use this word because it’s more impressive for many people especially for teenager to use the English version than the real Language namely Bahasa Indonesia. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

5. Kan udah punya cerita masing-masing Ka’... Tidak selamanya berjalan beriringan. Move on dong

Analysis:

This sentence is code-mixing and the code-mixing namely “move on” and the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely “Bangkit, berjalan terus”. This word is the word that usually speak by many people to comfort, to motivate the other people for not stay in the bad condition. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

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6. Aku memperlambat laju langkahku saat memasuki coffee shop terdapat di sebuah Mall di kawasan Kuningan.

yang

Analysis:

The sentence, “Aku memperlambat laju langkahku saat memasuki coffee shop

7. Harusnya, aku mengenakan pakaian terbaikku, bukan pakaian kaos lusuh dengan

yang terdapat di sebuah Mall di kawasan Kuningan”, there is code-mixing above namely “coffee shop”. The writer of this story use this word because it more impressive, then the writer of the short story use this word in this sentence of this story because the writer have the good second language. Interference cause the writer or even the most people become mix their utterance. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

sneaker

Analysis:

yang hampir sebulan tidak pernah tersentuh air dan deterjen.

The sentence, “Harusnya, aku mengenakan pakaian terbaikku, bukan pakaian kaos lusuh dengan sneaker yang hampir sebulan tidak pernah tersentuh air dan deterjen”, there is code-mixing above namely “sneaker”. The word sneaker means “sepatu karet/sepatu olahraga”. It tell about things that related with sport. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

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8. Waduh, minta tanda tangan dong!! seruku sembari menengadahkan tangan kananku, seolah-olah itu adalah notes

Analysis:

The sentence, “Waduh, minta tanda tangan dong!! seruku sembari menengadahkan tangan kananku, seolah-olah itu adalah notes

9. Gantian menyelusuri pandangan ke belakangnya, “ada kamera ”, there is code-mixing namely “notes”. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

infotainmen Analysis:

t enggak ya?”.

The sentence, “Gantian menyelusuri pandangan ke belakangnya, “ada kamera infotainmen

10.Aku memanggil

t enggak ya?” there is the word that mix here, namely infotainment. The word infotainment means “infotainment”. This word actually real English, but in Indonesia, it usual by people to do it. This word is the borrowing word. There are no meaning of ‘infotainment’ in Bahasa Indonesia. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

waitress meminta buku menu dan menyebut menu yang familiar

Analysis:

di lidahku. “Lemon tea” ya..

The sentence, “Aku memanggil waitress meminta buku menu dan menyebut menu yang familiar di lidahku. “Lemon tea” ya”, there are two word that mix in this sentence namely, “waitress” and “familiar”. First, “waitress” have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely “pelayan wanita”, it means the people

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(woman) who usually have a job in a restaurant. Second, “familiar” have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely “akrab”. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

11.Juga baju keren nih. Lebih Analysis:

branded.

The sentence, “Juga baju keren nih. Lebih branded

12.Sesekali Alan bercerita tentang

”, have the word that we say it as code-mixing. The meaning of branded itself in Bahasa Indonesia namely “bermerek”. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

entertainment

Analysis:

yang sedang ia geluti.

The sentence, “Sesekali Alan bercerita tentang entertainment

13.Aku gak kebayang

yang sedang ia geluti”, there is the word that mix in this sentence namely “entertainment”. The meaning of the word namely “hiburan”. We usually heard this word when we watch television and then programs of that television entertain when watch the programs. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

fans

Analysis:

kamu seperti apa.

The sentence, “Aku gak kebayang fans

The word fans used by most people. When they like someone very much, they called it as fans. It is very rare for people to use the word “penggemar”. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

kamu seperti apa” there is the word that mix in this sentence namely fans. The word fans itself have the meaning namely “penggemar”.

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14.Bedalah, Ka. Aku kan di panggung jaga image Analysis:

. Lebih kharismatik.

The sentence, “Bedalah Ka. Aku kan di panggung jaga image. Lebih kharismatik” have the word that mix namely “image”. In Bahasa Indonesia, the meaning of image namely “kesan, atau penampilan”. This word have the function as Noun. So, this utterance, is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

15.Kalau makan sebanyak itu, nanti kakak gendut loh, bisa-bisa pangeran impian jadi ill-feel

Analysis:

deh sama kakak, kata Deni...

The sentence, “Kalau makan sebanyak itu, nanti kakak gendut loh, bisa-bisa pangeran impian jadi ill-feel

16.Atau mungkin ada resep rahasia lain yang bisa kau bagikan untukku? Tanyaku

deh sama kakak, kata Deni”, there is the word that mix here, namely “ill-feel”. The word feel have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely “perasaan”. People usually use this word when they find something strange, or something different who make them unhappy. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

to the point

Analysis:

, dan Nina melongok kaget.

The sentence, “Atau mungkin ada resep rahasia lain yang bisa kau bagikan untukku? Tanyaku to the point

For many people, it more impressive to mix their Language, because it looked smart if people know to speak in the other Language (second language), , dan Nina melongok kaget”, there is code-mixing using in this sentence, namely “to the point”. In this sentence, the meaning of the word namely ‘langsung’.

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that is why the writer of this short story event most people often use this word. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

17.Malam itu, mereka banyak bertukar pikiran, berbicara tentang kesedihan, tentang hidup, dan tentang masa depan yang terlalu

Analysis:

blur.

The sentence, “Malam itu, mereka banyak bertukar pikiran, berbicara tentang kesedihan, tentang hidup, dan tentang masa depan yang terlalu blur

18.

”, there is the language that different with the other word, namely the word “blur” that have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely “kabur”. They often use the word “kabur, samar-samar” than the word that used in this sentence. But in this word the writer of the short story use the word ‘blur’ in this sentence and this sentence become code-mixing. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

Please stay Analysis:

, bisik Amalia.

The sentence, “Please stay, bisik Amalia”, is code-mixing. This sentence become code-mixing because there are the word that is mix in one sentences, namely ‘please stay’. The meaning of this word in Bahasa Indonesia namely “tetaplah tinggal”. This word also rare used by people, and the writer of the short story use this in this sentence. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

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19.Sebentar lagi, feeling

Analysis:

ku mengatakan, sebentar lagi lembar-lembar masa lalu akan dimulai.

The sentence, “Sebentar lagi, feeling

20.Kegugupanku teralihkan oleh nominal argo yang berkedip-kedip merah di

ku mengatakan, sebentar lagi lembar-lembar masa lalu akan dimulai”, there is the word that using by the writer of short story and this sentence become code-mixing. The word namely “feeling”. This word have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely ‘perasaan’. The word ‘feeling’ is often used by many people, because the meaning more click when we use this word than we used in Bahasa Indonesia, namely “perasaan”. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

dashboard

Analysis:

The sentence, “Kegugupanku teralihkan oleh nominal argo yang berkedip-kedip merah di dashboard ”, mentioned as code-mixing. The word ‘dashboard’ here become the word that we can say as the borrowing word, because this language actually is English language, and then Indonesian people also use this language but in Bahasa Indonesia, dashboard become dasbor. The meaning of dabor itself namely the place where the cost of taxy placed. Of course this transportation used by the people who have money. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

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21.Friends

Analysis:

, lihat! Si cewek Barbie ini masih sama seperti dulu! Dia mengumumkan.

The sentence, “Friends

22.Lili makin cantik ya? Dia seperti

, lihat! Si cewek Barbie ini masih sama seperti dulu! Dia mengumumkan”, there is foreign language that mix with Bahasa Indonesia here, and the word namely “friends”. It is usual for people to use the word ‘friend’ when they were talking in their daily life. The meaning of this word in Bahasa Indonesia namely ‘teman’. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

Princess Disne

Analysis:

y hijrah kemari.

The sentence, “Lili makin cantik ya? Dia seperti Princess Disne

23.Aku berdiri. Meja

y hijrah kemari”, said as code-mixing because there is the word that is not Bahasa Indonesia but English Language namely the word ‘Princess’. Princess Disney itself is the doll that come from the world of fantasy. She has a very beautiful face. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

snack

Analysis:

adalah tujuanku.

The sentence, “Aku berdiri. Meja snack adalah tujuanku”, use code-mixing here, namely snack. The meaning of snack itself namely “cemilan”. It often to use this word than the real Bahasa Indonesia namely “cemilan or makanan ringan”. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

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24.Tidak akan merasa nyaman begini, kalau dia tutup mulut. Menganggapku manusia baru, The new Lil

Analysis:

i, toh perasaanku.

The sentence, “Tidak akan merasa nyaman begini, kalau dia tutup mulut. Menganggapku manusia baru, The new Lil

25.Namun mama tidak mau kau terjebak dalam dunia

i, toh perasaanku”, there is the word that mix here, namely ‘The New Lili’.. The meaning of this word namely ‘Lili yang baru’. It means that the other people found something new from the person ‘Lili’. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

entertainment yang terkenal glamour

Analysis:

The sentence, “Namun mama tidak mau kau terjebak dalam dunia entertainment yang terkenal glamour

26.

” is code-mixing, because there is the word that mix here, namely the word ‘entertainment’ and the word ‘glamour’. The word entertainment usually use for artist, actor, models, etc. The word ‘glamour’ has the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia, namely ‘mewah’. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

Maintanance Analysis:

itu sangat penting Kak.

The sentence, “Maintanance itu sangat penting Kak”, this is code-mixing because the word ‘maintanance’ is not Bahasa Indonesia, but that is English Language. The word ‘maintanance’ in Bahasa Indonesia have the meaning namely ‘perawatan’. This word is rare used by people, but if the person have the good

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second language, the person usually mix their language, even that word is difficult to understand by the other people who don’t have the good second language. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

27.Aku harus merawat kecantikanku supaya terus dapat Analysis:

job.

The sentence, “Aku harus merawat kecantikanku supaya terus dapat job

28.Kau sudah cantik dari sananya, tidak usah pake

” said as code-mixing because the word ‘job’ is the English Language, and it usual for people to use this word. The meaning of this word namely ‘pekerjaan’. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

make u

Analysis:

p pun kau sudah cantik.

The sentence, “Kau sudah cantik dari sananya, tidak usah pake make up pun kau sudah cantik”, said as code-mixing because there is the language that mixed there namely “make-up”. the word ‘make-up’, the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia has the meaning namely “riasan untuk wajah”. This word is very often using by people. In fact this is not real Bahasa Indonesia, but the other language namely English language. This is the borrowing word this sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

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29.Aku ingin go international Analysis:

The sentence, “Aku ingin go international

30...menjejakkan kaki di

”, said as code-mixing because “go international” is English language that mix with Bahasa Indonesia. The word ‘go international’ is the word that usual to use by most of people There is no word in Bahasa Indonesia that can describe the meaning of this word. That is why this word is the borrowing word. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

catwalk-catwalk Analysis:

di kota mode dunia.

The sentence, “menjejakkan kaki di catwalk-catwalk

31.

di kota mode dunia” is code-mixing because the word ‘catwalk’ is English language and it mix with Bahasa Indonesia. The usage of catwalk usually use by the people who related with fashion/model. ‘catwalk’ is the platform that usually use by model to show their fashion to the public. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

Having fun go mad menjadi sebuah tag-line

Analysis:

hidupmu.

The sentence, “Having fun go mad menjadi sebuah tag-line hidupmu”, have two word that make this sentence become code-mixing, namely ‘having fun go mad’ and the word ‘tag-line’. The word ‘Having fun go mad’ have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely ‘memperoleh kesenangan, menghilangkan kegilaan’. The word usually used to the people for comfort them. This such a tag-line, but

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actually this tag-line still rare we found specially in our country, Indonesia. The word ‘tag-line’ in Bahasa Indonesia means ‘motto. This word also rare used by people. This two code, said by the people who have the good second language as well as the first language. This is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

32.By the way Analysis:

, kamu Anastasya, anak Sastra Inggris kah?

The sentence, “By the way

33.Sebastian bekerja sebagai

, kamu Anastasya, anak Sastra Inggris kah?” we said code-mixing because there is the word that is mixed in one sentence. This word it have the meaning namely, “ngomong-ngomong”. The word “By the way” used by people when they speak one topics and suddenly they remember the other topics that different with the topic they speak. So they speak about that topic, but used the word ‘by the way’. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

web desaigner dari rumah.

. Dia lebih banyak bekerja

Analysis:

The sentence, “Sebastian bekerja sebagai web desaigner. Dia lebih banyak bekerja dari rumah”, there is then word that make this sentence become code-mixing, the word namely ‘web designer’. The meaning of the word ‘web designer’ have the meaning namely “orang yang mendesain/membuat jaringan”. Code-mixing in this sentence, “web designer” usually use by people who related with computer. This sentence is included into Inter-sentential code-mixing.

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34.Saat kuselesaikan Diary

Analysis:

ini, kau pasti tengah bersanding dengan pria itu sementara aku sudah pergi jauh.

The sentence, “Saat kuselesaikan Diary

The word ‘diary’ use by most people. They often use the word ‘diary’ than they use the word ‘catatan harian’. As the reason, it because more impressive to speak in mixed one language and the other language, but it can done well, when the person have the second language as well as the first language. This sentence is included into Intra-sentential code-mixing.

ini, kau pasti tengah bersanding dengan pria itu, sementara aku sudah pergi jauh”, we can find that this sentence is code-mixing, because there is the other and different language in the sentence. The different language namely “Diary” and this word make this sentence become code-mixing. The word “Diary” have the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia namely “catatan harian” have the function as and in this sentence, the word ‘diary’.

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1. Setting and Scenes

The source (short story) is taken from fife edition of magazine Chic. Every short story have a different setting and place. The place that the first short story (USAI) happened namely in the restaurant where Azka and Alan met for the first time after they were graduated. It happened in the day when they were lunch. The second short story (Wanna Be a Wife) happened in Rere’s home in the morning. It happened when Rere want to know to cooked and wanna be the good wife. The third short story (Pertemuan Kunang-Kunang) happened in the night where Amelia and Jaka met for the first time in the garden. The fourth short story (Reuni) happened in Lili’s college in the day. But also in the night when Lili and Lexa debated about their story when the study in college. And the last short story (My Sister’s Wedding) happened in many place. There were in Anastasia’s house, also in Prancis when Anastasia wrote the letter for her young sister that married with her own husband.

2. Participants

The participants in first story namely Azka as the main character, Alan as the man who admired by Azka that is also her fellow, then there is Arina as their friend. The participants of the second short story namely Rere as the main character, Reno as Rere’s brother, Reno as the men of the story, Reno’s mother, Nina her office friend. The participants of the third short story namely Amalia, Jaka, and Ben. The participants of the fourth short story namely Lili, Lexa, Windi, Deva, Ryan, Merta, and Nadia. The participants of the fifth short story namely Anastasia, Sebastian Natanael, Andrea, and mother.

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3. Ends

The ends of the first story namely to give us information that everybody will change. It means that a men is not forever be like a men that we knew before. When we separated and then met again in next time, we’ll find that the men will different than before. The ends of the second short story namely to give us information that we can be the people (good) if we want to try hard for it. The ends of the third short story namely we can’t predict how about our next story later. The ends of the fourth short story namely as bad as the people, there is a time to change to be good one. The ends of the last short story namely we must forgive and love our dear, even they hurt us.

4. Act of Sequence

In this all short story, tell in narrative story. Every writer’s of short story tell their story by their own way and every short story that created by different people is the short story that easy to understand by the people who read it. In the first short story, the short story tell in flashback plot. In the second short story tell the story by advance plot (alur maju). The third short story tell by flashbach plot (alur maju mundur). The forth story tell by flashback plot also (alur maju mundur) and the last short story tell by flashbach plot also.

5. Key

From the first short story we can see that the writer tell about their each life before Azka and Alan met, and it without their friend Arina. Then the writer tell about Azka that interested to Alan which change become a entertainer and have the new life than before. And at last the writer tell that Between the three of

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them have the new life, and that third life is different. The second story told by the writer by introduce the main character namely Rere that have the willing to become the good wife for her husband later because she get the challenge from her brother Deny. The writer told that Rere try as hard she can and then from her food she met with her prince. The third short story tell by the writer by introduce Amalia that is feel bad with her feeling and face the big problem. Then, she find Jaka in the same garden and both of them have the bad feeling. At last they met and be friend for a while but at last they separated. Amalia just can to remember all the story without able life with him. The fourth short story tell by the reuni that done by college and Lili come to the meeting. There she met with Lexa her lesbian friend when they study in the campus. The last short story tell about the letter that wrote by Anastasia for her sister Andrea. The letter tell about she has gone to prancis because Andrea her sister must married with Sebastian her husband. It because Andrea pregnant because of her husband Sebastian.

6. Instrumentalities

The writers of the short story use written language to tell their each short story.

7. Norm of Interaction and Interpretation

The writers of the short story tell their own story by own way. The first, third, fourth, and the fifth short story tell by flashback way. It means that the writer tell it from the middle story, then to the start of the story and the ending of the story, but in the second the writer tell it from the start then in to the middle

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- Kalau makan sebanyak itu, nanti kakak gendut loh, bisa-bisa pangeran impian jadi ill-feel

- Malam itu, mereka banyak bertukar pikiran, berbicara tentang kesedihan, tentang hidup, dan tentang masa depan yang terlalu

deh sama kakak, kata Deni...

-blur. Please stay

- Sebentar lagi,

, bisik Amalia feeling

- Kegugupanku teralihkan oleh nominal argo yang berkedip-kedip merah di ku mengatakan, sebentar lagi lembar-lembar masa lalu akan dimulai.

dashboard

- Namun mama tidak mau kau terjebak dalam dunia .

entertainment yang terkenal glamour

-. Maintanance

- Aku harus merawat kecantikanku supaya terus dapat itu sangat penting Kak.

- Kau sudah cantik dari sananya, tidak usah pake

job. make u

- Aku ingin

p pun kau sudah cantik.

- menjejakkan kaki di go international

catwalk-catwalk

-di kota mode dunia. Having fun go mad menjadi sebuah tag-line

hidupmu. By the way

- Saat kuselesaikan

, kamu Anastasya, anak Sastra Inggris kah?

Diary ini, kau pasti tengah bersanding dengan pria itu sementara aku sudah pergi jauh.

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Then, the Inter-sentential code-mixing namely:

- Kan udah punya cerita masing-masing Ka’... Tidak selamanya berjalan beriringan. Move on dong

- Waduh, minta tanda tangan dong!! seruku sembari menengadahkan tangan kananku, seolah-olah itu adalah

notes

- Gantian menyelusuri pandangan ke belakangnya, “ada kamera .

infotainmen - Aku memanggil

t enggak ya?”.

waitress meminta buku menu dan menyebut menu yang familiar

- Juga baju keren nih. Lebih

di lidahku. “Lemon tea” ya..

- Bedalah, Ka. Aku kan di panggung jaga branded.

image

- Atau mungkin ada resep rahasia lain yang bisa kau bagikan untukku? Tanyaku

. Lebih kharismatik.

to the point

-, dan Nina melongok kaget. Friends

- Lili makin cantik ya? Dia seperti

, lihat! Si cewek Barbie ini masih sama seperti dulu! Dia mengumumkan.

Princess Disne - Aku berdiri. Meja

y hijrah kemari. snack

- Tidak akan merasa nyaman begini, kalau dia tutup mulut. Menganggapku manusia baru,

adalah tujuanku.

The new Lil - Sebastian bekerja sebagai

i, toh perasaanku. web desaigner dari rumah.

. Dia lebih banyak bekerja

From the analysis also found the factors that influence the writers write the short story based on theory of Dell Hathaway Hymes (1974:53-62) as tell in page 43-46.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1Conclusion

From the analysis above it can be conclude that there are twenty word that classified as Intra-sententential and twelve word that classified as Inter-sentential code-mixing. We also can see the factors that influence all the short story based on Hyme’s theory (Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends, Act of Sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms of Interaction and Interpretation, Genres).

After we read the short story and analyze the code-mixing, we know that there are many people do code-mixing in their daily life. It cause they want to looked impressive, calm, but also it because she/ he understand and know more than one language even the second language is not good as the first language. The other possibilities maybe caused from his parents that have two nationality, and etc.

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5.2 Suggestion

Actually code-mixing are the interesting objects to be analyzed. Nowadays, so many people use both Bahasa Indonesia and English in their utterances unconsciously. In addition, there are many magazine in Indonesia that in the contents of the magazine, there are many code-mixing. Also in magazine “CHIC”, in edition 161, 162, 163, 164, and 165. The writers do code-mixing between Bahasa Indonesia and English in their short story.

From this case, it is suggested to the students of English Literature to analyze code-mixing which is happen in Indonesia, especially in magazine. It is because code-mixing that happen in Indonesia are varieties and shown in so many aspects. Therefore, by analyzing code-mixing can enrich the vocabularies of the readers.

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REFERENCES

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Chamber. J.K. 2009. Sociolinguistic Theory. United Kingdom. Wiley-Blackwell. Gumperz, John. 1975. Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use. New York San

Fransisco London: Academic Press.

Halliday. M.A.K. 2007. Language and Society. London: Peking University Press. Hartley, Anthony F. 1982. Linguistics for Language Learners. London: The

Macmillan Press Ltd.

Hasan, Ruqaiya. 2005. Language, Society and Consiousness. Britain: Equinox Publishing Ltd.

Hudson, R.A. 1996. Sociolinguistics. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Irawan, Made. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Denpasar: Graha Ilmu.

Kramsch, Claire. 1998. Language and Culture. Hongkong: Oxford University Press.

Nababan, PWJ. 1984. Sociolinguistics. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Parera, Jos Daniel. 1986. Kajian Linguistik Umum Historis Komparatif dan

Tipologi Struktural. Jakarta: Erlangga.

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Sari, Dewi Maya. 2013. An Analysis of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing Used in a Talk Show Hitam Putih. Medan: Unpublished.

Salzmann, Zdenek. 1998. Language, Culture & Society. United States: Westview Press.

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Thomas, Linda and Shan Wareing. 1999. Language, Society, and Power. London: Routledge.

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Siahaan, Sanggam. 2007. Issues in Linguistics. Pematang Siantar: Graha Ilmu. Umar, Azhar And Delvi Napitupulu. 1993. Sosiolinguistik dan Psikolinguistik.

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