INCREASING THE MASTERY OF REPORTED SPEECH BY USING STAD (STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION) (A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MA NU MAWAQI’UL ULUM UNDAAN KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 20122013)
INCREASING THE MASTERY OF REPORTED SPEECH BY USING
STAD (STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION)
(A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF MA NU MAWAQI’UL ULUM UNDAAN KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2012/2013)
By:
AHMAD SAIFUL ANAM
200832116
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
ii
INCREASING THE MASTERY OF REPORTED SPEECH BY USING
STAD (STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION)
(A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF MA NU MAWAQI’UL ULUM UNDAAN KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2012/2013)
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana
Program
in English Education
By:
AHMAD SAIFUL ANAM
NIM 200832116
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
iii
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the sarjana skripsi of Ahmad Saiful Anam (NIM 2008-32116) has been approved by the skripsi advisors for further approval by the
Examining Committee.
Kudus, 26 Desember 2012
Advisor I
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001204
Advisor II
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610713020001020
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP 19560619-198503-1-002
iv
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Ahmad Saiful Anam (NIM: 2008-32-116)
has been approved by the Board of Examiners as a requirement for Sarjana
Program in English Education
Kudus, 26 Desember 2012
Skripsi Examining Committee:
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001204
Chairperson/ Member
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd
NIS. 0610713020001020
Member
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001207
Member
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001146
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd.
NIP. 19560619-198503-1-002
v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
∞ Fight to do the job, not fight to get the job
(Anies Baswedan)
∞ A man abstains to say, “I am tired.”
∞ Sometimes to keep silent and conscious is better than to wonder without
thinking (Nein Arimasen).
∞ Pergulatan hidup harus dipandang sebagai usaha untuk menciptakan
keindahan. Seni adalah monumen kemenangan manusia dalam menjawab
hidup. (Friedrich Nietzsche)
This skripsi is dedicated to:
o His mother and father who always
gives strong believes to the writer
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to Allah for the strength and blessing in completing this
skripsi. So, he can finally accomplish this Skripsi entitled “Increasing the Mastery
of Reported Speech by Using Student Teams Achievement Division (A
Classroom Action Research at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum
Undaan Kudus in the Academic Year 2012/2013)”.
He would like to express his appreciation to all of those who always
directly or indirectly support the writer in completing this skripsi. For there are no
such things the writer can give to return their kindness, so he tends to say thank
you very much to:
1. Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd. the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S., M.Pd. the Head of English Education Department
3. Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the first advisor, for all the time, advice, patience
and attention to the writer in completing this skripsi.
4. Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. as his second advisor who had been wise to
give corrections and suggestions.
5. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
6. The Headmaster of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Kudus, who permits him to
conduct the research in his school.
7. Sri Rejeki, S.Pd. as English teacher of grade ten of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum
Undaan Kudus for the collaboration in the process of collecting data in her
classroom.
8. His spiritual teacher, Agus Syarofudin and the wife of him, Mrs. Diana for
the motivation, constructive allusion, and all the helps they give to the writer.
9. His comrades in teater Poentoen’; Chairil Annam, Dhanny Azzara, Mbah jek,
Salim, Waryoto Gio’, for they has taught the writer a lot of valuable lessons.
vii
10. All of the teater TigakomA family; Pakwa and wife, Beni, Atmaja, Atik,
Dahniar, Isty, Lia, Lya, Mita, Agus, Danny, Erma, Ikka, Uden, Yuni, Dwi,
Dewi, Elfin, Najib, Nisa, Munajad, Purna, Arum, Devi, Cupit, Irma, Kojek,
Utamah, Vita, Zaenal, and many others for their willingness to pass the time,
to kill the boredom, and to ease the strains of the writer’s.
11. All of the BEM FKIP members; Panji, Faisol, Daniar, Dian, Jamal, Jamil,
Kifti, Mujib, Nita and many others for their willingness to share place and
thought with the writer to write this skripsi.
12. All friends of Nggempalno Community; Adis, Alwi, Burhan, Charly, Wahyu,
and Siswo for they had shared joy and fun; priceless experiences.
13. All people whom the writer cannot mention; those who has been involved
directly or indirectly to the process of writing the skripsi.
None of the things in this world was created to be the perfect, as well as
the writer’s skripsi. Evaluation from those who read this skripsi is important and
that will be the only way the writer can find his self-improvement.
Kudus, 9 November 2012
A. Saiful Anam
200832116
viii
ABSTRACT
Anam, Ahmad Saiful. 2012. Increasing the Mastery of Reported Speech by Using
STAD (A Classroom Action Research of Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the Academic Year 2012/2013. Skripsi.
English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Dr. H.
A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
Key words: reported speech, STAD, classroom action research.
English is important for students to learn, because it has been widely
known as an international language. Learning English will help students to be able
to communicate to other people all over the world. However, many students feel
difficulty in learning English. Grammar is one that felt to be a horror though
students have been taught grammar from junior high level. There are many
theories of grammar; one of them is reported speech. Reported speech is a
complex material, for students should understand many changes of a sentence
from its tense, pronoun, and adverb of time and place. The teacher at MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus complains that her students have difficulty in
learning reported speech. For that reason, she along with the writer proposes to
apply STAD technique to increase the students’ mastery of reported speech.
The purpose of the research is to increase the students’ mastery of reported
speech by using STAD. The research contains information of how STAD can be
applied to increase the students’ mastery of reported speech.
This research is a classroom action research. The research was conducted
at the X.B students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the first
semester of academic year 2012/2013. The number of the students who joined the
research process was 26 students; 16 boys and 10 girls.
The data of this research was taken from the result of written test, and the
observation sheets which includes in three cycles. The findings of the research
showed that: (1) in the first cycle, 9 students (34.6 %) fulfill the minimum mastery
criterion, and the average score is 63.1 %. (2) In second cycle, the number of
students who gets score ≥ 71 has increased to 53.4 %; 14 students, and the average
score of students is 69.4 %. (3) In third cycle, students has reached the criterion of
success in which proved with 18 students (69.2 %) can fulfill the minimum
mastery criterion; ≥ 71, and the average score of students becomes 75.8 %.
This research comes to the conclusion that STAD Technique can increase
the mastery of reported speech of the tenth grade students at MA NU Mawaqi’ul
Ulum Kudus in academic year of 2012/2013. Although, this research cannot find
all students fulfill the KKM, the writer suggests that teacher will continue the
research. It would be better for teacher to always give motivation to the students
to cooperate with each other, and to give guidance and assistance so that students
can cooperate in a positive way.
ix
ABSTRAKSI
Anam, Ahmad Saiful. 2012. Meningkatkan Penguasaan Reported Speech dengan
Menggunakan STAD (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang di Laksanakan di
Kelas Sepuluh MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus Tahun Akademik
2012/2013). Skripsi. Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan
dan Ilmu Keguruan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing: (i)
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
Kata Kunci: reported speech, STAD, penelitian tindakan kelas.
Penting bagi siswa untuk mempelajari Bahasa Inggris. Sebab Bahasa
Inggris telah diakui sebagai bahasa internasional. Mempelajari Bahasa Inggris
akan membantu siswa agar mampu berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang yang
berbeda di seluruh penjuru dunia. Namun, banyak siswa yang merasakan kesulitan
mempelajari bahasa Inggris. Grammar adalah salah satu yang siswa rasakan
sebagai momok. Siswa telah diajarkan Grammar sejak SMP. Grammar memiliki
banyak teori, salah satunya Reported Speech. Reported speech merupakan materi
yang komplek, karena siswa harus memahami perubahan-perubahan kalimat yang
meliputi perubahan Tense, Pronoun, dan adverb of time and place. Guru MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus mengeluhkan siswanya yang kesulitan
mempelajari reported speech. Oleh sebab itu, beliau bersama penulis berniat
menerapkan teknik STAD untuk meningkatkan penguasaan reported speech
siswa.
Penelitian tersebut bertujuan meningkatkan penguasaan reported speech
siswa dengan menggunakan STAD. Berisi informasi tentang bagaimana STAD
dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan reported speech siswa.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. penelitian ini di
tujukan kepada siswa MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus kelas X.B
semester satu tahun akademik 2012/2013. Siswa di kelas X.B yang mengikuti
penelitian ini berjumlah 26 siswa, terdiri dari 16 putra dan 10 putri.
Data pada penelitian ini di ambil dari hasil tes tertulis dan lembar
observasi yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan:
(1)siklus pertama,9 siswa (34.6 %) dapat mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal,
dan nilai rata-rata siswa 63.1 %. (2) pada siklus kedua, siswa yang memperoleh
nilai ≥ 71 sebanyak 53.4 % yaitu14 siswa, dan nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 69.4
%. (3) pada siklus ketiga, siswa telah berhasil mencapai kriteria kesuksesan, hal
ini dibuktikan dengan 18 siswa (69.2 %) berhasil memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan
minimal; memperoleh nilai ≥ 71, dan nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 75.8 %.
Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa STAD dapat meningkatkan
penguasaan reported speech siswa MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Kudus kelas X.B
tahun akademik 2012/2013. Meskipun dalam penelitian ini, seluruh siswa belum
mampu memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal, penulis menyarankan agar guru
bersedia melanjutkan penelitian ini.Juga agar guru selalu memotivasi siswa,
memberikan pendampingan dan bantuan agar siswa bekerjasama secara positif.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
COVER .......................................................................................................... i
LOGO ............................................................................................................. ii
TITLE ............................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF ADVISOR ........................................................................... iv
APPROVAL OF COMMITTEE .................................................................... v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xv
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study..............................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................5
1.3. Objective of the Research ...........................................................................6
1.4. Significance of the Research .......................................................................6
1.5. Limitation of the Research ..........................................................................6
1.6. Operational Definition ................................................................................7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND ACTION
HYPOTHESIS
2.1.
Teaching English at MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............. 8
2.1.1. Curriculum of English Subject at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............................................................ 9
2.1.2. Materials of English Subject at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............................................................ 10
xi
2.1.3. Method of Teaching English at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............................................................ 11
2.2.
Noun Clauses .......................................................................................... 12
2.2.1
Direct Speech / Quoted Speech ............................................................... 12
2.2.2
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech ......................................................... 14
2.3
Changing Quoted Speech into Reported Speech .................................... 15
2.3.1
Tenses Change ........................................................................................ 15
2.3.2
Pronoun Change ...................................................................................... 18
2.3.3
Adverb Change........................................................................................ 20
2.4
Classification of Reported Speech .......................................................... 21
2.4.1
Reported Speech in Statement ................................................................ 21
2.4.2
Reported Speech in Imperative/Request ................................................. 22
2.4.3
Reported Speech in Question .................................................................. 22
2.5
Cooperative Learning .............................................................................. 23
2.5.1
Characteristics of Cooperative learning .................................................. 24
2.5.2
Methods of Cooperative Learning .......................................................... 25
2.6
Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) ..................................... 26
2.6.1
Characteristics of STAD ......................................................................... 27
2.7
Previous Research ................................................................................... 29
2.8
Action Hypothesis .................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1.
Setting and Characteristics of Subject of the Research ........................... 31
xii
3.2.
Variable of the Research ........................................................................ 31
3.3.
Design of the Research ........................................................................... 32
3.3.1
Planning ................................................................................................. 34
3.3.2
Acting ...................................................................................................... 34
3.3. 3 Observing ................................................................................................ 35
3.3.4
Analysis and Reflecting ......................................................................... 35
3.4
Procedure of the Research ....................................................................... 36
3.4.1
Procedure of Pre-Cycle ........................................................................... 36
3.4.2
Procedure of Cycles ................................................................................ 37
3.4.2.1 Procedure of Cycle 1 .............................................................................. 37
3.4.2.2 Procedure of Cycle 2 .............................................................................. 39
3.5
Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 41
3.5.1
Observation Sheet ................................................................................... 42
3.5.2
Students’ Test Score ................................................................................ 42
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1
The implementation of STAD to increase students’ mastery of reported
speech ..................................................................................................... 44
4.1.1
Cycle 1 .................................................................................................... 45
4.1.1.1 Planning ............................................................................................... 45
4.1.1.2 Acting ................................................................................................... 46
4.1.1.3 Observing .............................................................................................. 49
4.1.1.4 Analysis and Reflection ........................................................................ 53
xiii
4.1.2
Cycle 2 .................................................................................................... 55
4.1.2.1 Planning ................................................................................................ 55
4.1.2.2 Acting ................................................................................................... 56
4.1.2.3 Observing ............................................................................................. 57
4.1.2.4 Analysis and Reflection ........................................................................ 61
4.1.3
Cycle 3 .................................................................................................... 64
4.1.3.1 Planning ................................................................................................ 64
4.1.3.2 Acting .................................................................................................... 65
4.1.3.3 Observing .............................................................................................. 65
4.1.3.4 Analysis and Reflection ........................................................................ 67
4.2
The Mastery of Reported Speech of Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus .......................................................... 68
4.2.1
The Students’ Mastery of Reported Speech in Cycle 1 ........................ 69
4.2.2
The Students’ Mastery of Reported Speech in Cycle 2 ........................ 70
4.2.3
The Students’ Mastery of Reported Speech in Cycle 3 ........................ 72
4.3
Recapitulation of Students’ Achievements ........................................... 74
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1
The Implementation of STAD to Teach Reported Speech to the Tenth
Grade Students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the
Academic Year 2012/2013 ...................................................................... 75
5.1.1
Cycle 1 ................................................................................................... 75
5.1.2
Cycle 2 ................................................................................................... 77
xiv
5.1.3
Cycle 3 ................................................................................................... 79
5.2
The Mastery of Reported Speech of the Tenth Grade Students of MA
NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the Academic Year
2012/2013................................................................................................ 79
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................. 82
6.2
Suggestion ............................................................................................. 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 85
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 88
CURRICULLUM VITAE ................................................................................ 159
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
4.3
Page
Struktur Kurikulum SMA/MA KelasX ................................................... 10
List of verbs of reported speech .............................................................. 15
Sequence of tense .................................................................................... 16
Examples of adverbs change ................................................................... 20
Criterion of determining students’ improvement score........................... 29
Criterion of team recognition .................................................................. 29
The Activity of Teacher and Students in the Process of Teaching
and Learning Reported Speech in Cycle 1 .............................................. 49
4.4 The Activity of Teacher and Students in the Process of Teaching
and Learning Reported Speech in Cycle 2 .............................................. 58
4.5 The Activity of Teacher and Students in the Process of Teaching
and Learning Reported Speech in cycle 3 ............................................... 65
4.6 The Score of Reported Speech in Cycle 1............................................... 69
4.7 Frequency Distribution of the Students’ Score of Reported Speech
Test in Cycle 1 ......................................................................................... 69
4.8 The Score of Reported Speech Test in Cycle 2 ....................................... 70
4.9 Frequency Distribution of the Students’ Score of Reported Speech
Test in Cycle 2 ......................................................................................... 71
4.10 The Score of Reported Speech Test in Cycle 3 ....................................... 72
4.11 Frequency Distribution of the Students’ Score of Reported Speech
Test in Cycle 3 ......................................................................................... 73
4.12 Recapitulation of Students’ Score in Cycle 1, Cycle 2, and Cycle
3 .............................................................................................................. 74
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
1
Syllabus of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum
Undaan Kudus in Academic Year 2012/2013 ................................... 88
2
Students’ Score in Pre-Cycle ............................................................ 91
3
Students Ranking List ....................................................................... 92
4
Assigning Team in Cycle 1 ................................................................ 93
5
Lesson Plan in Cycle 1 ....................................................................... 94
6
Materials of teaching reported speech ............................................... 98
7
Team worksheet in Cycle 1................................................................ 100
8
The Individual Quiz in Cycle 1 .......................................................... 101
9
Answers of Individual Quiz in Cycle 1.............................................. 103
10 Students’ Improvement Point in Cycle 1 ........................................... 104
11 Teams Recognition in Cycle 1 ........................................................... 105
12 Students’ Average Score in Cycle 1 .................................................. 106
13 Lesson Plan in Cycle 2 ...................................................................... 107
14 Teams’ Worksheet in Cycle 2 ........................................................... 111
15 The Individual Quiz in Cycle 2 ......................................................... 112
16 Answers of the Individual Quiz in Cycle 2 ....................................... 114
17 Students Improvement Point in Cycle 2 ........................................... 115
18 Teams’ Recognition in Cycle 2 ......................................................... 116
19 Students’ Average Score in Cycle 2 .................................................. 117
20 Lesson Plan in Cycle 3 ....................................................................... 118
21 The Individual Quiz in Cycle 3 .......................................................... 122
22 Answers of the Individual Quiz in Cycle 3 ........................................ 124
23 Students Improvement Point in Cycle 3 ............................................ 125
24 Teams’ Recognition in Cycle 3.......................................................... 126
25 Students’ Average Score in Cycle 3 .................................................. 127
26 Certificates of Team Recognition (Super, Great, and Good Teams) . 128
27 Documentation of the Application of STAD in Teaching Reported
Speech ................................................................................................ 130
28 Others ................................................................................................. 132
xvii
STAD (STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION)
(A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF MA NU MAWAQI’UL ULUM UNDAAN KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2012/2013)
By:
AHMAD SAIFUL ANAM
200832116
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
ii
INCREASING THE MASTERY OF REPORTED SPEECH BY USING
STAD (STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION)
(A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF MA NU MAWAQI’UL ULUM UNDAAN KUDUS IN THE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2012/2013)
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana
Program
in English Education
By:
AHMAD SAIFUL ANAM
NIM 200832116
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2012
iii
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the sarjana skripsi of Ahmad Saiful Anam (NIM 2008-32116) has been approved by the skripsi advisors for further approval by the
Examining Committee.
Kudus, 26 Desember 2012
Advisor I
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001204
Advisor II
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610713020001020
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd
NIP 19560619-198503-1-002
iv
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Ahmad Saiful Anam (NIM: 2008-32-116)
has been approved by the Board of Examiners as a requirement for Sarjana
Program in English Education
Kudus, 26 Desember 2012
Skripsi Examining Committee:
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001204
Chairperson/ Member
Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd
NIS. 0610713020001020
Member
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001207
Member
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
NIS. 0610701000001146
Member
Acknowledged by
The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd.
NIP. 19560619-198503-1-002
v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
∞ Fight to do the job, not fight to get the job
(Anies Baswedan)
∞ A man abstains to say, “I am tired.”
∞ Sometimes to keep silent and conscious is better than to wonder without
thinking (Nein Arimasen).
∞ Pergulatan hidup harus dipandang sebagai usaha untuk menciptakan
keindahan. Seni adalah monumen kemenangan manusia dalam menjawab
hidup. (Friedrich Nietzsche)
This skripsi is dedicated to:
o His mother and father who always
gives strong believes to the writer
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to Allah for the strength and blessing in completing this
skripsi. So, he can finally accomplish this Skripsi entitled “Increasing the Mastery
of Reported Speech by Using Student Teams Achievement Division (A
Classroom Action Research at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum
Undaan Kudus in the Academic Year 2012/2013)”.
He would like to express his appreciation to all of those who always
directly or indirectly support the writer in completing this skripsi. For there are no
such things the writer can give to return their kindness, so he tends to say thank
you very much to:
1. Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd. the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S., M.Pd. the Head of English Education Department
3. Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the first advisor, for all the time, advice, patience
and attention to the writer in completing this skripsi.
4. Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd. as his second advisor who had been wise to
give corrections and suggestions.
5. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
6. The Headmaster of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Kudus, who permits him to
conduct the research in his school.
7. Sri Rejeki, S.Pd. as English teacher of grade ten of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum
Undaan Kudus for the collaboration in the process of collecting data in her
classroom.
8. His spiritual teacher, Agus Syarofudin and the wife of him, Mrs. Diana for
the motivation, constructive allusion, and all the helps they give to the writer.
9. His comrades in teater Poentoen’; Chairil Annam, Dhanny Azzara, Mbah jek,
Salim, Waryoto Gio’, for they has taught the writer a lot of valuable lessons.
vii
10. All of the teater TigakomA family; Pakwa and wife, Beni, Atmaja, Atik,
Dahniar, Isty, Lia, Lya, Mita, Agus, Danny, Erma, Ikka, Uden, Yuni, Dwi,
Dewi, Elfin, Najib, Nisa, Munajad, Purna, Arum, Devi, Cupit, Irma, Kojek,
Utamah, Vita, Zaenal, and many others for their willingness to pass the time,
to kill the boredom, and to ease the strains of the writer’s.
11. All of the BEM FKIP members; Panji, Faisol, Daniar, Dian, Jamal, Jamil,
Kifti, Mujib, Nita and many others for their willingness to share place and
thought with the writer to write this skripsi.
12. All friends of Nggempalno Community; Adis, Alwi, Burhan, Charly, Wahyu,
and Siswo for they had shared joy and fun; priceless experiences.
13. All people whom the writer cannot mention; those who has been involved
directly or indirectly to the process of writing the skripsi.
None of the things in this world was created to be the perfect, as well as
the writer’s skripsi. Evaluation from those who read this skripsi is important and
that will be the only way the writer can find his self-improvement.
Kudus, 9 November 2012
A. Saiful Anam
200832116
viii
ABSTRACT
Anam, Ahmad Saiful. 2012. Increasing the Mastery of Reported Speech by Using
STAD (A Classroom Action Research of Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the Academic Year 2012/2013. Skripsi.
English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty,
Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Dr. H.
A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
Key words: reported speech, STAD, classroom action research.
English is important for students to learn, because it has been widely
known as an international language. Learning English will help students to be able
to communicate to other people all over the world. However, many students feel
difficulty in learning English. Grammar is one that felt to be a horror though
students have been taught grammar from junior high level. There are many
theories of grammar; one of them is reported speech. Reported speech is a
complex material, for students should understand many changes of a sentence
from its tense, pronoun, and adverb of time and place. The teacher at MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus complains that her students have difficulty in
learning reported speech. For that reason, she along with the writer proposes to
apply STAD technique to increase the students’ mastery of reported speech.
The purpose of the research is to increase the students’ mastery of reported
speech by using STAD. The research contains information of how STAD can be
applied to increase the students’ mastery of reported speech.
This research is a classroom action research. The research was conducted
at the X.B students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the first
semester of academic year 2012/2013. The number of the students who joined the
research process was 26 students; 16 boys and 10 girls.
The data of this research was taken from the result of written test, and the
observation sheets which includes in three cycles. The findings of the research
showed that: (1) in the first cycle, 9 students (34.6 %) fulfill the minimum mastery
criterion, and the average score is 63.1 %. (2) In second cycle, the number of
students who gets score ≥ 71 has increased to 53.4 %; 14 students, and the average
score of students is 69.4 %. (3) In third cycle, students has reached the criterion of
success in which proved with 18 students (69.2 %) can fulfill the minimum
mastery criterion; ≥ 71, and the average score of students becomes 75.8 %.
This research comes to the conclusion that STAD Technique can increase
the mastery of reported speech of the tenth grade students at MA NU Mawaqi’ul
Ulum Kudus in academic year of 2012/2013. Although, this research cannot find
all students fulfill the KKM, the writer suggests that teacher will continue the
research. It would be better for teacher to always give motivation to the students
to cooperate with each other, and to give guidance and assistance so that students
can cooperate in a positive way.
ix
ABSTRAKSI
Anam, Ahmad Saiful. 2012. Meningkatkan Penguasaan Reported Speech dengan
Menggunakan STAD (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang di Laksanakan di
Kelas Sepuluh MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus Tahun Akademik
2012/2013). Skripsi. Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan
dan Ilmu Keguruan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing: (i)
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. (ii) Dr. H. A. Hilal Madjdi, M.Pd.
Kata Kunci: reported speech, STAD, penelitian tindakan kelas.
Penting bagi siswa untuk mempelajari Bahasa Inggris. Sebab Bahasa
Inggris telah diakui sebagai bahasa internasional. Mempelajari Bahasa Inggris
akan membantu siswa agar mampu berkomunikasi dengan orang-orang yang
berbeda di seluruh penjuru dunia. Namun, banyak siswa yang merasakan kesulitan
mempelajari bahasa Inggris. Grammar adalah salah satu yang siswa rasakan
sebagai momok. Siswa telah diajarkan Grammar sejak SMP. Grammar memiliki
banyak teori, salah satunya Reported Speech. Reported speech merupakan materi
yang komplek, karena siswa harus memahami perubahan-perubahan kalimat yang
meliputi perubahan Tense, Pronoun, dan adverb of time and place. Guru MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus mengeluhkan siswanya yang kesulitan
mempelajari reported speech. Oleh sebab itu, beliau bersama penulis berniat
menerapkan teknik STAD untuk meningkatkan penguasaan reported speech
siswa.
Penelitian tersebut bertujuan meningkatkan penguasaan reported speech
siswa dengan menggunakan STAD. Berisi informasi tentang bagaimana STAD
dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan reported speech siswa.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. penelitian ini di
tujukan kepada siswa MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus kelas X.B
semester satu tahun akademik 2012/2013. Siswa di kelas X.B yang mengikuti
penelitian ini berjumlah 26 siswa, terdiri dari 16 putra dan 10 putri.
Data pada penelitian ini di ambil dari hasil tes tertulis dan lembar
observasi yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan:
(1)siklus pertama,9 siswa (34.6 %) dapat mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal,
dan nilai rata-rata siswa 63.1 %. (2) pada siklus kedua, siswa yang memperoleh
nilai ≥ 71 sebanyak 53.4 % yaitu14 siswa, dan nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 69.4
%. (3) pada siklus ketiga, siswa telah berhasil mencapai kriteria kesuksesan, hal
ini dibuktikan dengan 18 siswa (69.2 %) berhasil memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan
minimal; memperoleh nilai ≥ 71, dan nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 75.8 %.
Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa STAD dapat meningkatkan
penguasaan reported speech siswa MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Kudus kelas X.B
tahun akademik 2012/2013. Meskipun dalam penelitian ini, seluruh siswa belum
mampu memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal, penulis menyarankan agar guru
bersedia melanjutkan penelitian ini.Juga agar guru selalu memotivasi siswa,
memberikan pendampingan dan bantuan agar siswa bekerjasama secara positif.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
COVER .......................................................................................................... i
LOGO ............................................................................................................. ii
TITLE ............................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF ADVISOR ........................................................................... iv
APPROVAL OF COMMITTEE .................................................................... v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xv
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study..............................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................5
1.3. Objective of the Research ...........................................................................6
1.4. Significance of the Research .......................................................................6
1.5. Limitation of the Research ..........................................................................6
1.6. Operational Definition ................................................................................7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND ACTION
HYPOTHESIS
2.1.
Teaching English at MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............. 8
2.1.1. Curriculum of English Subject at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............................................................ 9
2.1.2. Materials of English Subject at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............................................................ 10
xi
2.1.3. Method of Teaching English at Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus ............................................................ 11
2.2.
Noun Clauses .......................................................................................... 12
2.2.1
Direct Speech / Quoted Speech ............................................................... 12
2.2.2
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech ......................................................... 14
2.3
Changing Quoted Speech into Reported Speech .................................... 15
2.3.1
Tenses Change ........................................................................................ 15
2.3.2
Pronoun Change ...................................................................................... 18
2.3.3
Adverb Change........................................................................................ 20
2.4
Classification of Reported Speech .......................................................... 21
2.4.1
Reported Speech in Statement ................................................................ 21
2.4.2
Reported Speech in Imperative/Request ................................................. 22
2.4.3
Reported Speech in Question .................................................................. 22
2.5
Cooperative Learning .............................................................................. 23
2.5.1
Characteristics of Cooperative learning .................................................. 24
2.5.2
Methods of Cooperative Learning .......................................................... 25
2.6
Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) ..................................... 26
2.6.1
Characteristics of STAD ......................................................................... 27
2.7
Previous Research ................................................................................... 29
2.8
Action Hypothesis .................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3.1.
Setting and Characteristics of Subject of the Research ........................... 31
xii
3.2.
Variable of the Research ........................................................................ 31
3.3.
Design of the Research ........................................................................... 32
3.3.1
Planning ................................................................................................. 34
3.3.2
Acting ...................................................................................................... 34
3.3. 3 Observing ................................................................................................ 35
3.3.4
Analysis and Reflecting ......................................................................... 35
3.4
Procedure of the Research ....................................................................... 36
3.4.1
Procedure of Pre-Cycle ........................................................................... 36
3.4.2
Procedure of Cycles ................................................................................ 37
3.4.2.1 Procedure of Cycle 1 .............................................................................. 37
3.4.2.2 Procedure of Cycle 2 .............................................................................. 39
3.5
Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 41
3.5.1
Observation Sheet ................................................................................... 42
3.5.2
Students’ Test Score ................................................................................ 42
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1
The implementation of STAD to increase students’ mastery of reported
speech ..................................................................................................... 44
4.1.1
Cycle 1 .................................................................................................... 45
4.1.1.1 Planning ............................................................................................... 45
4.1.1.2 Acting ................................................................................................... 46
4.1.1.3 Observing .............................................................................................. 49
4.1.1.4 Analysis and Reflection ........................................................................ 53
xiii
4.1.2
Cycle 2 .................................................................................................... 55
4.1.2.1 Planning ................................................................................................ 55
4.1.2.2 Acting ................................................................................................... 56
4.1.2.3 Observing ............................................................................................. 57
4.1.2.4 Analysis and Reflection ........................................................................ 61
4.1.3
Cycle 3 .................................................................................................... 64
4.1.3.1 Planning ................................................................................................ 64
4.1.3.2 Acting .................................................................................................... 65
4.1.3.3 Observing .............................................................................................. 65
4.1.3.4 Analysis and Reflection ........................................................................ 67
4.2
The Mastery of Reported Speech of Tenth Grade Students of MA NU
Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus .......................................................... 68
4.2.1
The Students’ Mastery of Reported Speech in Cycle 1 ........................ 69
4.2.2
The Students’ Mastery of Reported Speech in Cycle 2 ........................ 70
4.2.3
The Students’ Mastery of Reported Speech in Cycle 3 ........................ 72
4.3
Recapitulation of Students’ Achievements ........................................... 74
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1
The Implementation of STAD to Teach Reported Speech to the Tenth
Grade Students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the
Academic Year 2012/2013 ...................................................................... 75
5.1.1
Cycle 1 ................................................................................................... 75
5.1.2
Cycle 2 ................................................................................................... 77
xiv
5.1.3
Cycle 3 ................................................................................................... 79
5.2
The Mastery of Reported Speech of the Tenth Grade Students of MA
NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum Undaan Kudus in the Academic Year
2012/2013................................................................................................ 79
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1
Conclusion ............................................................................................. 82
6.2
Suggestion ............................................................................................. 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 85
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 88
CURRICULLUM VITAE ................................................................................ 159
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
4.3
Page
Struktur Kurikulum SMA/MA KelasX ................................................... 10
List of verbs of reported speech .............................................................. 15
Sequence of tense .................................................................................... 16
Examples of adverbs change ................................................................... 20
Criterion of determining students’ improvement score........................... 29
Criterion of team recognition .................................................................. 29
The Activity of Teacher and Students in the Process of Teaching
and Learning Reported Speech in Cycle 1 .............................................. 49
4.4 The Activity of Teacher and Students in the Process of Teaching
and Learning Reported Speech in Cycle 2 .............................................. 58
4.5 The Activity of Teacher and Students in the Process of Teaching
and Learning Reported Speech in cycle 3 ............................................... 65
4.6 The Score of Reported Speech in Cycle 1............................................... 69
4.7 Frequency Distribution of the Students’ Score of Reported Speech
Test in Cycle 1 ......................................................................................... 69
4.8 The Score of Reported Speech Test in Cycle 2 ....................................... 70
4.9 Frequency Distribution of the Students’ Score of Reported Speech
Test in Cycle 2 ......................................................................................... 71
4.10 The Score of Reported Speech Test in Cycle 3 ....................................... 72
4.11 Frequency Distribution of the Students’ Score of Reported Speech
Test in Cycle 3 ......................................................................................... 73
4.12 Recapitulation of Students’ Score in Cycle 1, Cycle 2, and Cycle
3 .............................................................................................................. 74
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
1
Syllabus of the Tenth Grade Students of MA NU Mawaqi’ul Ulum
Undaan Kudus in Academic Year 2012/2013 ................................... 88
2
Students’ Score in Pre-Cycle ............................................................ 91
3
Students Ranking List ....................................................................... 92
4
Assigning Team in Cycle 1 ................................................................ 93
5
Lesson Plan in Cycle 1 ....................................................................... 94
6
Materials of teaching reported speech ............................................... 98
7
Team worksheet in Cycle 1................................................................ 100
8
The Individual Quiz in Cycle 1 .......................................................... 101
9
Answers of Individual Quiz in Cycle 1.............................................. 103
10 Students’ Improvement Point in Cycle 1 ........................................... 104
11 Teams Recognition in Cycle 1 ........................................................... 105
12 Students’ Average Score in Cycle 1 .................................................. 106
13 Lesson Plan in Cycle 2 ...................................................................... 107
14 Teams’ Worksheet in Cycle 2 ........................................................... 111
15 The Individual Quiz in Cycle 2 ......................................................... 112
16 Answers of the Individual Quiz in Cycle 2 ....................................... 114
17 Students Improvement Point in Cycle 2 ........................................... 115
18 Teams’ Recognition in Cycle 2 ......................................................... 116
19 Students’ Average Score in Cycle 2 .................................................. 117
20 Lesson Plan in Cycle 3 ....................................................................... 118
21 The Individual Quiz in Cycle 3 .......................................................... 122
22 Answers of the Individual Quiz in Cycle 3 ........................................ 124
23 Students Improvement Point in Cycle 3 ............................................ 125
24 Teams’ Recognition in Cycle 3.......................................................... 126
25 Students’ Average Score in Cycle 3 .................................................. 127
26 Certificates of Team Recognition (Super, Great, and Good Teams) . 128
27 Documentation of the Application of STAD in Teaching Reported
Speech ................................................................................................ 130
28 Others ................................................................................................. 132
xvii