Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Keramik Alumina dengan Aditif Glass Bead
46
LAMPIRAN 1
Bahan dan Peralatan Penelitian
1. Peralatan
Timbangan/neraca digital
Saringan
Beaker Glass
Ball Milling
Spatula
Oven
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47
Jangka sorong
Molding
Hand Mortar
Hardness Vickers
Carver Press
OM (Optical Microscopy)
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48
X-Ray Difractometer
High Temperature Furnace
2. Bahan
Alumina(Al2O3)
Celuna
Silika (SiO2)
Aquades
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LAMPIRAN 2
PENGUKURAN DENSITAS
Perhitungan Densitas sampel
1. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1100°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,38 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,34 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,36mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= π
2
4
1
t = ( 3.14) (16,34)2 (7,36)
4
2,38 ��
ρ = 1,542
�3
= 1,542 �3
= 1,54 �� �3
2. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1150°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,45 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,22 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,51 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ
=
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
2
2,45 ��
ρ = 1,550
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (16,22)2 (7,51)
�3
= 1,550 �3
= 1,58 �� �3
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50
3. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1200°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,46 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,11 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,48 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (16,11)2 (7,48)
2,46 ��
1,523 � 3
= 1,523 �3
= 1,61 �� �3
4. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1250 °C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,50 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,77 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,75 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
2
2,50 ��
ρ = 1,512
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,77)2 (7,75)
�3
= 1,512 �3
= 1,65 �� �3
5. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1250°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,43 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,71 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,29 mm
densitas .....?
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51
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,71)2 (7,29)
2,50 ��
ρ = 1,412
�3
= 1,412 �3
= 1,77 �� �3
6. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1400°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,34 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,64 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 6,92 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,34 ��
1,230
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,64)2 (6,92)
= 1,230 �3
= 1,90 �� �3
7. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1100°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,67 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 18,59 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 6,17 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
1
;
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,67 ��
1,673
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (18,59)2 (6,17)
= 1,673 �3
= 1,59 �� �3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
8. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1150°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,59 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 18,38 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,96 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,59 ��
1,580
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (18,38)2 (5,96)
= 1,580 �3
= 1,63 �� �3
9. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1200°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,60 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 17,95 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,77 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
1
;
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,60 ��
1,456
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (17,95)2 (5,77)
= 1,456 �3
= 1,78 �� �3
10. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % silika glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1250°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,50 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 17,66 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,63 mm
densitas .....?
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53
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (17,66)2 (5,63)
= 1,378 �3
= 1,80 �� �3
2,50 ��
1,378
11. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1300°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,58 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,80 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,39 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (16,80)2 (5,39)
= 1,194 �3
= 2,1�� �3
2,58 ��
1,194
12. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1400°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,59 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,92 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,08 c mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
1
;
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,59 ��
1,011
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,92)2 (5,08)
= 1,011 �3
= 2,56�� �3
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LAMPIRAN 3
DATA HASIL PENGUJIAN HARDNESS VICKERS
a. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
b. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
c. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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d. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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LAMPIRAN 4
DATA HASIL ANALISIS XRD
a. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
File name
2017/04/11 09:47:24
5% 1300C
5% 1300C.ras
Measurement date
Operator
2017/04/10 09:33:50
administrator
Comment
Measurement conditions
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
Attachment
Filter
CBO selection slit
Diffrected beam
mono.
Detector
Scan mode
SmartLab(In-plane)
RxRy
None
PB
None
SC-70
STEP
Step width
Scan axis
Scan range
Incident slit
Length limiting slit
Receiving slit #1
Receiving slit #2
0.0100 deg
2-Theta/Omega
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
1.000mm
10.0mm
20.000mm
20.000mm
Measurement profile
1000
Meas. data:5% 1300C
Calc. data:5% 1300C
Intensity (counts)
800
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Peak List
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:46:39
Sample name
5% 1300C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 09:33:50
File name
5% 1300C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Peak list
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2-theta
(deg)
25.560(4)
35.152(4)
37.783(7)
41.557(1
9)
43.357(4)
44.486(1
5)
46.186(1
9)
52.550(7)
57.515(4)
59.81(2)
61.27(2)
64.83(12)
66.500(8)
68.188(7)
74.32(2)
76.888(1
4)
80.71(4)
84.334(1
1)
86.43(3)
89.027(1
1)
d(ang.)
3.4823(6)
2.5509(3)
2.3791(4)
2.1713(9)
2.08526(17)
2.0349(6)
1.9639(8)
1.7401(2)
1.60111(11)
1.5451(6)
1.5116(4)
1.437(2)
1.40490(15)
1.37418(13)
1.2752(3)
1.23892(19)
1.1896(4)
1.14748(12)
1.1249(3)
1.09873(11)
Height(
counts)
385(20)
661(26)
248(16)
9(3)
696(26)
13(4)
8(3)
308(18)
648(25)
13(4)
64(8)
6(2)
229(15)
326(18)
12(3)
114(11)
35(6)
26(5)
35(6)
46(7)
FWHM(de
g)
0.338(3)
0.337(3)
0.328(5)
0.31(6)
0.336(2)
0.36(4)
0.26(6)
0.343(4)
0.348(3)
0.33(4)
0.386(14)
0.40(9)
0.354(6)
0.362(5)
0.21(4)
0.573(10)
0.41(3)
0.36(3)
0.38(2)
0.382(17)
Int. I(counts
deg)
149.6(13)
255.3(16)
96.7(11)
3.5(6)
268.5(16)
5.6(5)
2.3(5)
122.1(11)
257.6(15)
4.6(4)
30.6(7)
2.5(6)
90.7(10)
133.5(12)
3.2(4)
70.5(11)
15.2(7)
10.6(6)
14.0(6)
18.8(6)
Size(ang.)
252(2)
258.3(19)
267(4)
285(56)
265.8(19)
246(25)
351(81)
269(3)
272(2)
288(31)
250(9)
249(55)
281(4)
276(4)
503(88)
185(3)
265(17)
313(28)
303(19)
304(13)
Phase
name
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
b. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
2017/04/11 09:48:19
5% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 10:17:09
File name
5% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Measurement condition
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
SmartLab(In-plane)
Step width
0.0100 deg
Attachment
RxRy
Scan axis
2-Theta/Omega
Universitas Sumatera Utara
58
Filter
None
Scan range
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
CBO selection slit
PB
Incident slit
1.000mm
Diffrected beam
mono.
None
Length limiting slit
10.0mm
Detector
SC-70
Receiving slit #1
20.000mm
Scan mode
STEP
Receiving slit #2
20.000mm
Measurement profile
1000
Meas. data:5% 1400C
Calc. data:5% 1400C
Intensity (counts)
800
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
2017/04/11 09:48:36
5% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 10:17:09
File name
5% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Peak list
N
o.
2-theta
(deg)
d (ang.)
Height(cou
nts)
FWHM(de
g)
Int.
I(counts
deg)
Size(ang.)
Phase
name
1
25.563(4)
3.4818(6)
354(19)
0.341(3)
136.5(12)
250(2)
Unknown
2
35.149(3)
2.5511(2)
634(25)
0.331(2)
241.3(14)
263.3(18)
Unknown
3
37.782(7)
2.3791(4)
244(16)
0.325(5)
94.6(10)
270(4)
Unknown
4
41.72(2)
2.1635(10)
8(3)
0.40(6)
3.9(5)
224(34)
Unknown
5
43.358(3)
2.08521(1
6)
675(26)
0.333(2)
256.8(15)
268.3(19)
Unknown
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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6
44.512(12)
2.0338(5)
20(4)
0.18(3)
6.3(4)
509(75)
Unknown
7
46.23(3)
1.9623(10)
9(3)
0.33(4)
3.6(4)
275(36)
Unknown
8
52.568(6)
0.343(4)
115.3(11)
270(3)
Unknown
57.512(5)
1.73952(1
9)
1.60117(1
304(17)
9
667(26)
0.338(3)
258.4(16)
280(2)
Unknown
1
0
1
59.76(5)
2)
1.5463(11)
17(4)
0.30(3)
5.7(5)
314(36)
Unknown
61.313(17)
1.5107(4)
67(8)
0.393(11)
28.6(7)
245(7)
Unknown
1
1
2
1
64.90(15)
1.436(3)
4(2)
0.48(11)
2.2(5)
206(48)
Unknown
66.521(8)
238(15)
0.341(5)
94.5(9)
291(5)
Unknown
3
1
4
1
68.215(7)
1.40451(1
5)
1.37369(1
343(19)
0.339(5)
139.0(11)
295(4)
Unknown
70.46(4)
2)
1.3353(6)
9(3)
0.35(7)
5.6(4)
294(64)
Unknown
5
1
6
1
74.257(14)
1.2762(2)
12(3)
0.27(4)
3.6(4)
379(54)
Unknown
76.950(3)
1.23808(5)
120(11)
0.572(8)
76.5(9)
185(3)
Unknown
7
1
8
1
80.77(3)
1.1889(3)
33(6)
0.45(2)
15.7(6)
242(12)
Unknown
84.40(2)
1.1467(2)
31(6)
0.31(3)
12.1(6)
358(32)
Unknown
9
2
0
2
86.43(3)
1.1249(3)
32(6)
0.42(2)
14.3(6)
270(16)
Unknown
89.043(19)
1.09857(1
8)
50(7)
0.379(17)
20.0(6)
307(14)
Unknown
1
c. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
File name
2017/04/11 09:49:38
10% 1300C
10% 1300C.ras
Measurement date
Operator
2017/04/10 11:18:16
administrator
Comment
Measurement conditions
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
Attachment
Filter
CBO selection slit
Diffrected beam mono.
Detector
Scan mode
SmartLab(In-plane)
RxRy
None
PB
None
SC-70
STEP
Step width
Scan axis
Scan range
Incident slit
Length limiting slit
Receiving slit #1
Receiving slit #2
0.0100 deg
2-Theta/Omega
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
1.000mm
10.0mm
20.000mm
20.000mm
Measurement profile
Universitas Sumatera Utara
60
Meas. data:10% 1300C
Calc. data:10% 1300C
800
Intensity (counts)
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:49:23
Sample name
10% 1300C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 11:18:16
File name
Comment
10% 1300C.ras
Operator
administrator
Peak list
No.
2-theta
(deg)
d(ang.)
Height
(counts)
FWHM(deg)
Int. I (counts
deg)
Size
(ang.)
Phase
name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
25.577(6)
27.879(17
)
29.25(6)
3.4800(8)
3.198(2)
3.051(6)
2.8079(16)
2.5496(3)
2.4144(16)
2.3786(7)
2.1655(7)
2.1184(7)
2.0852(2)
2.030(3)
1.876(3)
1.7398(2)
1.6402(16)
1.60128(13
)
1.5459(9)
234(15)
28(5)
11(3)
24(5)
569(24)
14(4)
135(12)
14(4)
21(5)
428(21)
8(3)
9(3)
223(15)
13(4)
576(24)
15(4)
0.329(4)
0.55(2)
0.32(5)
0.47(3)
0.343(3)
0.49(7)
0.303(9)
0.34(3)
0.56(5)
0.322(3)
1.65(16)
0.34(6)
0.320(5)
0.39(5)
0.325(3)
0.34(9)
82.0(12)
16.8(8)
4.0(7)
13.3(7)
222.5(19)
8.2(10)
47.0(11)
5.2(4)
12.8(9)
150.2(14)
14.2(11)
3.1(6)
81.4(10)
5.7(7)
213.6(15)
9.3(6)
259(3)
156(7)
264(39)
183(10)
254(2)
178(26)
290(8)
262(27)
159(13)
278(3)
54(5)
271(50)
289(5)
240(28)
291(3)
286(80)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
31.845(18
)
35.171(5)
37.21(3)
37.791(12
)
41.675(15
)42.645(16
)43.359(5)
44.60(6)
48.50(8)
52.559(8)
56.02(6)
57.508(5)
59.77(4)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
61
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
61.31(2)
64.06(3)
64.89(4)
66.513(9)
67.19(3)
68.214(8)
74.39(4)
76.958(4)
80.73(5)
84.37(5)
86.41(4)
89.023(17
)
1.5107(4)
1.4524(7)
1.4358(7)
1.40466(16
)
1.3921(5)
1.37372(14
)
1.2742(6)
1.23796(5)
1.1893(6)
1.1470(5)
1.1252(4)
1.09877(17
)
77(9)
8(3)
32(6)
157(13)
11(3)
201(14)
8(3)
163(13)
19(4)
16(4)
23(5)
54(7)
0.352(17)
0.28(9)
0.36(3)
0.326(9)
0.27(8)
0.306(8)
1.3(2)
0.489(10)
0.41(4)
0.30(6)
0.39(4)
0.319(17)
34.1(7)
2.7(5)
14.3(8)
63.8(10)
3.8(6)
76.9(9)
18.6(13)
97.7(11)
8.3(6)
5.9(6)
9.7(7)
18.3(7)
274(13)
351(111)
270(22)
304(8)
371(111)
327(8)
83(13)
217(4)
263(25)
373(70)
291(27)
365(20)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
d. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:50:36
Sample name
10% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 12:32:27
File name
10% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Measurement conditions
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
SmartLab(In-plane)
Step width
0.0100 deg
Attachment
RxRy
Scan axis
2-Theta/Omega
Filter
None
Scan range
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
CBO selection slit
PB
Incident slit
1.000mm
Diffrected beam
mono.
Detector
None
Length limiting slit
10.0mm
SC-70
Receiving slit #1
20.000mm
Scan mode
STEP
Receiving slit #2
20.000mm
Measurement profile
Universitas Sumatera Utara
62
Meas. data:10% 1400C
Calc. data:10% 1400C
1000
Intensity (counts)
800
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:50:52
Sample name
10% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 12:32:27
File name
10% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Peak list
N
o.
2-theta
(deg)
d(ang.)
Height
(counts)
FWHM (deg)
Int. I (counts
deg)
Size
(ang.)
Phase
name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
25.554(5)
35.141(3)
37.781(8)
41.630(13)
43.358(4)
44.477(13)
52.557(7)
57.504(4)
59.78(9)
61.317(16)
64.98(3)
3.4830(7)
2.5516(2)
2.3792(5)
2.1677(7)
2.08523(19)
2.0353(6)
1.7399(2)
1.60139(11)
1.546(2)
1.5106(4)
1.4341(7)
279(17)
692(26)
157(13)
14(4)
485(22)
15(4)
243(16)
651(26)
10(3)
91(10)
5(2)
0.320(4)
0.317(2)
0.326(6)
0.38(4)
0.320(3)
0.36(3)
0.318(5)
0.317(3)
0.47(12)
0.344(11)
0.41(12)
99.4(12)
245.2(15)
56.3(9)
6.4(7)
174.0(13)
6.1(4)
88.0(10)
236.4(15)
7.0(7)
37.2(7)
2.7(6)
266(3)
274.6(18)
269(5)
232(26)
279(2)
250(22)
291(4)
299(3)
205(52)
280(9)
241(70)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Universitas Sumatera Utara
63
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
66.522(10)
68.218(8)
74.25(2)
76.893(3)
80.4(2)
80.72(3)
84.36(4)
86.394(13)
88.950(6)
1.40448(18)
1.37365(14)
1.2762(4)
1.23884(4)
1.193(3)
1.1895(4)
1.1472(4)
1.12532(14)
1.09949(5)
167(13)
227(15)
14(4)
184(14)
6(2)
20(4)
18(4)
28(5)
64(8)
0.338(7)
0.315(5)
0.17(3)
0.502(7)
0.40(15)
0.32(4)
0.33(4)
0.36(2)
0.361(16)
61.7(9)
79.9(9)
3.2(5)
102.5(12)
2.5(10)
6.8(13)
6.8(5)
10.7(5)
26.7(7)
293(6)
318(5)
603(107)
211(3)
272(103)
338(42)
336(38)
316(19)
323(14)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64
Lampiran 5
HASIL PENGUJIAN OPTICAL MIKROSCOPY
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300 ℃
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400 ℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 10% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300 ℃
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 14% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400 ℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
LAMPIRAN 6
HASIL PENYUSUTAN
Susut Bakar
% Susut Bakar =
�� − �
��
x 100 %
Dimana : Do = diameter awal
D = diameter akhir
Glass Bead
5%
10%
Suhu sintering
(oC)
Do
( mm )
D
( mm )
Susut
Bakar (% )
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1400
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1400
16,72
16,72
16,72
16,72
16,72
16,72
18,78
18,78
18,78
18,78
18,78
18,78
16,34
16,22
16,11
15,77
15,71
15,64
18,59
18,38
17,95
17,66
16,80
15,92
2,27
2,99
3,65
5,68
6,04
6,46
1,01
2,13
4,42
5,96
10,54
15,23
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
LAMPIRAN 7
HASIL GRAIN SIZE
a. Keramik alumina dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300
℃
b. Keramik alumina dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400
℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
c. Keramik alumina dengan 10% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300
℃
d. Keramik alumina dengan 10% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400
℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN 1
Bahan dan Peralatan Penelitian
1. Peralatan
Timbangan/neraca digital
Saringan
Beaker Glass
Ball Milling
Spatula
Oven
Universitas Sumatera Utara
47
Jangka sorong
Molding
Hand Mortar
Hardness Vickers
Carver Press
OM (Optical Microscopy)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
48
X-Ray Difractometer
High Temperature Furnace
2. Bahan
Alumina(Al2O3)
Celuna
Silika (SiO2)
Aquades
Universitas Sumatera Utara
49
LAMPIRAN 2
PENGUKURAN DENSITAS
Perhitungan Densitas sampel
1. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1100°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,38 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,34 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,36mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= π
2
4
1
t = ( 3.14) (16,34)2 (7,36)
4
2,38 ��
ρ = 1,542
�3
= 1,542 �3
= 1,54 �� �3
2. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1150°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,45 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,22 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,51 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ
=
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
2
2,45 ��
ρ = 1,550
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (16,22)2 (7,51)
�3
= 1,550 �3
= 1,58 �� �3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
50
3. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1200°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,46 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,11 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,48 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (16,11)2 (7,48)
2,46 ��
1,523 � 3
= 1,523 �3
= 1,61 �� �3
4. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1250 °C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,50 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,77 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,75 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
2
2,50 ��
ρ = 1,512
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,77)2 (7,75)
�3
= 1,512 �3
= 1,65 �� �3
5. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1250°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,43 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,71 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 7,29 mm
densitas .....?
Universitas Sumatera Utara
51
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,71)2 (7,29)
2,50 ��
ρ = 1,412
�3
= 1,412 �3
= 1,77 �� �3
6. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan 5
% glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1400°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,34 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,64 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 6,92 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,34 ��
1,230
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,64)2 (6,92)
= 1,230 �3
= 1,90 �� �3
7. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1100°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,67 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 18,59 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 6,17 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
1
;
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,67 ��
1,673
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (18,59)2 (6,17)
= 1,673 �3
= 1,59 �� �3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
52
8. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1150°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,59 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 18,38 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,96 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,59 ��
1,580
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (18,38)2 (5,96)
= 1,580 �3
= 1,63 �� �3
9. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1200°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,60 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 17,95 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,77 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
1
;
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,60 ��
1,456
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (17,95)2 (5,77)
= 1,456 �3
= 1,78 �� �3
10. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % silika glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1250°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,50 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 17,66 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,63 mm
densitas .....?
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (17,66)2 (5,63)
= 1,378 �3
= 1,80 �� �3
2,50 ��
1,378
11. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1300°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,58 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 16,80 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,39 mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
;
1
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (16,80)2 (5,39)
= 1,194 �3
= 2,1�� �3
2,58 ��
1,194
12. Perhitungan densitas sampel keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan penambahan
10 % glass bead dengan suhu sintering 1400°C.
Diketahui :
Ditanya
:
Massa Sampel
: 2,59 gr
Diameter Sampel
: 15,92 mm
Tinggi Sampel
: 5,08 c mm
densitas .....?
Penyelesaian : ρ =
�
�
1
;
V= 4 π
ρ=
2
2,59 ��
1,011
1
t = 4 ( 3.14) (15,92)2 (5,08)
= 1,011 �3
= 2,56�� �3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
LAMPIRAN 3
DATA HASIL PENGUJIAN HARDNESS VICKERS
a. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
b. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
c. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
d. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
56
LAMPIRAN 4
DATA HASIL ANALISIS XRD
a. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
File name
2017/04/11 09:47:24
5% 1300C
5% 1300C.ras
Measurement date
Operator
2017/04/10 09:33:50
administrator
Comment
Measurement conditions
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
Attachment
Filter
CBO selection slit
Diffrected beam
mono.
Detector
Scan mode
SmartLab(In-plane)
RxRy
None
PB
None
SC-70
STEP
Step width
Scan axis
Scan range
Incident slit
Length limiting slit
Receiving slit #1
Receiving slit #2
0.0100 deg
2-Theta/Omega
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
1.000mm
10.0mm
20.000mm
20.000mm
Measurement profile
1000
Meas. data:5% 1300C
Calc. data:5% 1300C
Intensity (counts)
800
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
57
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:46:39
Sample name
5% 1300C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 09:33:50
File name
5% 1300C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Peak list
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2-theta
(deg)
25.560(4)
35.152(4)
37.783(7)
41.557(1
9)
43.357(4)
44.486(1
5)
46.186(1
9)
52.550(7)
57.515(4)
59.81(2)
61.27(2)
64.83(12)
66.500(8)
68.188(7)
74.32(2)
76.888(1
4)
80.71(4)
84.334(1
1)
86.43(3)
89.027(1
1)
d(ang.)
3.4823(6)
2.5509(3)
2.3791(4)
2.1713(9)
2.08526(17)
2.0349(6)
1.9639(8)
1.7401(2)
1.60111(11)
1.5451(6)
1.5116(4)
1.437(2)
1.40490(15)
1.37418(13)
1.2752(3)
1.23892(19)
1.1896(4)
1.14748(12)
1.1249(3)
1.09873(11)
Height(
counts)
385(20)
661(26)
248(16)
9(3)
696(26)
13(4)
8(3)
308(18)
648(25)
13(4)
64(8)
6(2)
229(15)
326(18)
12(3)
114(11)
35(6)
26(5)
35(6)
46(7)
FWHM(de
g)
0.338(3)
0.337(3)
0.328(5)
0.31(6)
0.336(2)
0.36(4)
0.26(6)
0.343(4)
0.348(3)
0.33(4)
0.386(14)
0.40(9)
0.354(6)
0.362(5)
0.21(4)
0.573(10)
0.41(3)
0.36(3)
0.38(2)
0.382(17)
Int. I(counts
deg)
149.6(13)
255.3(16)
96.7(11)
3.5(6)
268.5(16)
5.6(5)
2.3(5)
122.1(11)
257.6(15)
4.6(4)
30.6(7)
2.5(6)
90.7(10)
133.5(12)
3.2(4)
70.5(11)
15.2(7)
10.6(6)
14.0(6)
18.8(6)
Size(ang.)
252(2)
258.3(19)
267(4)
285(56)
265.8(19)
246(25)
351(81)
269(3)
272(2)
288(31)
250(9)
249(55)
281(4)
276(4)
503(88)
185(3)
265(17)
313(28)
303(19)
304(13)
Phase
name
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
b. Penambahan Glass Bead 5% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
2017/04/11 09:48:19
5% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 10:17:09
File name
5% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Measurement condition
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
SmartLab(In-plane)
Step width
0.0100 deg
Attachment
RxRy
Scan axis
2-Theta/Omega
Universitas Sumatera Utara
58
Filter
None
Scan range
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
CBO selection slit
PB
Incident slit
1.000mm
Diffrected beam
mono.
None
Length limiting slit
10.0mm
Detector
SC-70
Receiving slit #1
20.000mm
Scan mode
STEP
Receiving slit #2
20.000mm
Measurement profile
1000
Meas. data:5% 1400C
Calc. data:5% 1400C
Intensity (counts)
800
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
2017/04/11 09:48:36
5% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 10:17:09
File name
5% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Peak list
N
o.
2-theta
(deg)
d (ang.)
Height(cou
nts)
FWHM(de
g)
Int.
I(counts
deg)
Size(ang.)
Phase
name
1
25.563(4)
3.4818(6)
354(19)
0.341(3)
136.5(12)
250(2)
Unknown
2
35.149(3)
2.5511(2)
634(25)
0.331(2)
241.3(14)
263.3(18)
Unknown
3
37.782(7)
2.3791(4)
244(16)
0.325(5)
94.6(10)
270(4)
Unknown
4
41.72(2)
2.1635(10)
8(3)
0.40(6)
3.9(5)
224(34)
Unknown
5
43.358(3)
2.08521(1
6)
675(26)
0.333(2)
256.8(15)
268.3(19)
Unknown
Universitas Sumatera Utara
59
6
44.512(12)
2.0338(5)
20(4)
0.18(3)
6.3(4)
509(75)
Unknown
7
46.23(3)
1.9623(10)
9(3)
0.33(4)
3.6(4)
275(36)
Unknown
8
52.568(6)
0.343(4)
115.3(11)
270(3)
Unknown
57.512(5)
1.73952(1
9)
1.60117(1
304(17)
9
667(26)
0.338(3)
258.4(16)
280(2)
Unknown
1
0
1
59.76(5)
2)
1.5463(11)
17(4)
0.30(3)
5.7(5)
314(36)
Unknown
61.313(17)
1.5107(4)
67(8)
0.393(11)
28.6(7)
245(7)
Unknown
1
1
2
1
64.90(15)
1.436(3)
4(2)
0.48(11)
2.2(5)
206(48)
Unknown
66.521(8)
238(15)
0.341(5)
94.5(9)
291(5)
Unknown
3
1
4
1
68.215(7)
1.40451(1
5)
1.37369(1
343(19)
0.339(5)
139.0(11)
295(4)
Unknown
70.46(4)
2)
1.3353(6)
9(3)
0.35(7)
5.6(4)
294(64)
Unknown
5
1
6
1
74.257(14)
1.2762(2)
12(3)
0.27(4)
3.6(4)
379(54)
Unknown
76.950(3)
1.23808(5)
120(11)
0.572(8)
76.5(9)
185(3)
Unknown
7
1
8
1
80.77(3)
1.1889(3)
33(6)
0.45(2)
15.7(6)
242(12)
Unknown
84.40(2)
1.1467(2)
31(6)
0.31(3)
12.1(6)
358(32)
Unknown
9
2
0
2
86.43(3)
1.1249(3)
32(6)
0.42(2)
14.3(6)
270(16)
Unknown
89.043(19)
1.09857(1
8)
50(7)
0.379(17)
20.0(6)
307(14)
Unknown
1
c. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1300℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
Sample name
File name
2017/04/11 09:49:38
10% 1300C
10% 1300C.ras
Measurement date
Operator
2017/04/10 11:18:16
administrator
Comment
Measurement conditions
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
Attachment
Filter
CBO selection slit
Diffrected beam mono.
Detector
Scan mode
SmartLab(In-plane)
RxRy
None
PB
None
SC-70
STEP
Step width
Scan axis
Scan range
Incident slit
Length limiting slit
Receiving slit #1
Receiving slit #2
0.0100 deg
2-Theta/Omega
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
1.000mm
10.0mm
20.000mm
20.000mm
Measurement profile
Universitas Sumatera Utara
60
Meas. data:10% 1300C
Calc. data:10% 1300C
800
Intensity (counts)
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:49:23
Sample name
10% 1300C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 11:18:16
File name
Comment
10% 1300C.ras
Operator
administrator
Peak list
No.
2-theta
(deg)
d(ang.)
Height
(counts)
FWHM(deg)
Int. I (counts
deg)
Size
(ang.)
Phase
name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
25.577(6)
27.879(17
)
29.25(6)
3.4800(8)
3.198(2)
3.051(6)
2.8079(16)
2.5496(3)
2.4144(16)
2.3786(7)
2.1655(7)
2.1184(7)
2.0852(2)
2.030(3)
1.876(3)
1.7398(2)
1.6402(16)
1.60128(13
)
1.5459(9)
234(15)
28(5)
11(3)
24(5)
569(24)
14(4)
135(12)
14(4)
21(5)
428(21)
8(3)
9(3)
223(15)
13(4)
576(24)
15(4)
0.329(4)
0.55(2)
0.32(5)
0.47(3)
0.343(3)
0.49(7)
0.303(9)
0.34(3)
0.56(5)
0.322(3)
1.65(16)
0.34(6)
0.320(5)
0.39(5)
0.325(3)
0.34(9)
82.0(12)
16.8(8)
4.0(7)
13.3(7)
222.5(19)
8.2(10)
47.0(11)
5.2(4)
12.8(9)
150.2(14)
14.2(11)
3.1(6)
81.4(10)
5.7(7)
213.6(15)
9.3(6)
259(3)
156(7)
264(39)
183(10)
254(2)
178(26)
290(8)
262(27)
159(13)
278(3)
54(5)
271(50)
289(5)
240(28)
291(3)
286(80)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
31.845(18
)
35.171(5)
37.21(3)
37.791(12
)
41.675(15
)42.645(16
)43.359(5)
44.60(6)
48.50(8)
52.559(8)
56.02(6)
57.508(5)
59.77(4)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
61
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
61.31(2)
64.06(3)
64.89(4)
66.513(9)
67.19(3)
68.214(8)
74.39(4)
76.958(4)
80.73(5)
84.37(5)
86.41(4)
89.023(17
)
1.5107(4)
1.4524(7)
1.4358(7)
1.40466(16
)
1.3921(5)
1.37372(14
)
1.2742(6)
1.23796(5)
1.1893(6)
1.1470(5)
1.1252(4)
1.09877(17
)
77(9)
8(3)
32(6)
157(13)
11(3)
201(14)
8(3)
163(13)
19(4)
16(4)
23(5)
54(7)
0.352(17)
0.28(9)
0.36(3)
0.326(9)
0.27(8)
0.306(8)
1.3(2)
0.489(10)
0.41(4)
0.30(6)
0.39(4)
0.319(17)
34.1(7)
2.7(5)
14.3(8)
63.8(10)
3.8(6)
76.9(9)
18.6(13)
97.7(11)
8.3(6)
5.9(6)
9.7(7)
18.3(7)
274(13)
351(111)
270(22)
304(8)
371(111)
327(8)
83(13)
217(4)
263(25)
373(70)
291(27)
365(20)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
d. Penambahan Glass Bead 10% dengan temperatur sintering 1400℃
Raw Data
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:50:36
Sample name
10% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 12:32:27
File name
10% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Measurement conditions
X-Ray
40 kV , 30 mA
Scan speed / Duration
time
0.2500 sec.
Goniometer
SmartLab(In-plane)
Step width
0.0100 deg
Attachment
RxRy
Scan axis
2-Theta/Omega
Filter
None
Scan range
10.0000 - 90.0000 deg
CBO selection slit
PB
Incident slit
1.000mm
Diffrected beam
mono.
Detector
None
Length limiting slit
10.0mm
SC-70
Receiving slit #1
20.000mm
Scan mode
STEP
Receiving slit #2
20.000mm
Measurement profile
Universitas Sumatera Utara
62
Meas. data:10% 1400C
Calc. data:10% 1400C
1000
Intensity (counts)
800
600
400
200
0
20
40
60
80
2-theta (deg)
Peak List
General information
Analysis date
2017/04/11 09:50:52
Sample name
10% 1400C
Measurement date
2017/04/10 12:32:27
File name
10% 1400C.ras
Operator
administrator
Comment
Peak list
N
o.
2-theta
(deg)
d(ang.)
Height
(counts)
FWHM (deg)
Int. I (counts
deg)
Size
(ang.)
Phase
name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
25.554(5)
35.141(3)
37.781(8)
41.630(13)
43.358(4)
44.477(13)
52.557(7)
57.504(4)
59.78(9)
61.317(16)
64.98(3)
3.4830(7)
2.5516(2)
2.3792(5)
2.1677(7)
2.08523(19)
2.0353(6)
1.7399(2)
1.60139(11)
1.546(2)
1.5106(4)
1.4341(7)
279(17)
692(26)
157(13)
14(4)
485(22)
15(4)
243(16)
651(26)
10(3)
91(10)
5(2)
0.320(4)
0.317(2)
0.326(6)
0.38(4)
0.320(3)
0.36(3)
0.318(5)
0.317(3)
0.47(12)
0.344(11)
0.41(12)
99.4(12)
245.2(15)
56.3(9)
6.4(7)
174.0(13)
6.1(4)
88.0(10)
236.4(15)
7.0(7)
37.2(7)
2.7(6)
266(3)
274.6(18)
269(5)
232(26)
279(2)
250(22)
291(4)
299(3)
205(52)
280(9)
241(70)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Universitas Sumatera Utara
63
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
66.522(10)
68.218(8)
74.25(2)
76.893(3)
80.4(2)
80.72(3)
84.36(4)
86.394(13)
88.950(6)
1.40448(18)
1.37365(14)
1.2762(4)
1.23884(4)
1.193(3)
1.1895(4)
1.1472(4)
1.12532(14)
1.09949(5)
167(13)
227(15)
14(4)
184(14)
6(2)
20(4)
18(4)
28(5)
64(8)
0.338(7)
0.315(5)
0.17(3)
0.502(7)
0.40(15)
0.32(4)
0.33(4)
0.36(2)
0.361(16)
61.7(9)
79.9(9)
3.2(5)
102.5(12)
2.5(10)
6.8(13)
6.8(5)
10.7(5)
26.7(7)
293(6)
318(5)
603(107)
211(3)
272(103)
338(42)
336(38)
316(19)
323(14)
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Universitas Sumatera Utara
64
Lampiran 5
HASIL PENGUJIAN OPTICAL MIKROSCOPY
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300 ℃
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400 ℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 10% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300 ℃
Keramik alumina (Al2O3) dengan 14% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400 ℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
LAMPIRAN 6
HASIL PENYUSUTAN
Susut Bakar
% Susut Bakar =
�� − �
��
x 100 %
Dimana : Do = diameter awal
D = diameter akhir
Glass Bead
5%
10%
Suhu sintering
(oC)
Do
( mm )
D
( mm )
Susut
Bakar (% )
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1400
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1400
16,72
16,72
16,72
16,72
16,72
16,72
18,78
18,78
18,78
18,78
18,78
18,78
16,34
16,22
16,11
15,77
15,71
15,64
18,59
18,38
17,95
17,66
16,80
15,92
2,27
2,99
3,65
5,68
6,04
6,46
1,01
2,13
4,42
5,96
10,54
15,23
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
LAMPIRAN 7
HASIL GRAIN SIZE
a. Keramik alumina dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300
℃
b. Keramik alumina dengan 5% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400
℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
c. Keramik alumina dengan 10% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1300
℃
d. Keramik alumina dengan 10% Glass Bead pada temperatur sintering 1400
℃
Universitas Sumatera Utara