T B.ING 1302432 Table of content

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... ii
PREFACE ............................................................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Purposes of the Study ...................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Clarification of Main Terms ........................................................................................... 4
1.6 Organization of the Thesis............................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 6
2.1 Cooperative Learning ...................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Historical Roots of Cooperative Learning ............................................................ 6
2.1.2 Definition of Cooperative Learning ..................................................................... 8
2.1.3 Key Elements of Cooperative Learning ............................................................... 9

2.1.4 Types of Cooperative Learning ............................................................................ 12
2.1.5 Cooperative Learning Techniques......................................................................... 13
2.1.6 Benefits of Cooperative Learning ........................................................................ 18
2.1.7 Challenges to the Implementation of Cooperative Learning................................. 20
2.2 The Nature of Reading ................................................................................................... 21
2.3 The Teaching of Reading ................................................................................................ 22
2.4 Critical Thinking and Critical Reading .......................................................................... 23
2.4.1 Critical Thinking ................................................................................................... 24
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Anit Pranita Devi, 2016
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING IN READING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.4.1.1 Definition of Critical Thinking ................................................................ 24
2.4.1.2 Critical Thinking Disposition ................................................................... 25
2.4.1.3 Criteria for Evaluating Critical Thinking ................................................. 26
2.4.2 Definitions of Critical Reading ............................................................................. 27
2.5 Cooperative Learning and Critical Reading ................................................................... 29
2.6 The Teaching of Critical Thinking in Reading Using Cooperative Learning ................ 31
2.7 Related Research Report ................................................................................................ 33

2.8 Concluding Remarks ...................................................................................................... 36

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 37
3.1 Research Design .............................................................................................................. 37
3.2 Research Site and Participants......................................................................................... 38
3.3 Data Collection Techniques ........................................................................................... 38
3.3.1 Classroom Observation ........................................................................................ 39
3.3.2 Questionnaires ...................................................................................................... 40
3.3.3 Interview ............................................................................................................... 41
3.3.4 Written Test .......................................................................................................... 41
3.4 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 42
3.4.1 Data from Classroom Observation ........................................................................ 42
3.4.2 Data from Questionnaires ..................................................................................... 44
3.4.3 Data from Interview ............................................................................................. 44
3.4.4 Data from Students’ Written Test ........................................................................ 44
3.5 Validity ........................................................................................................................... 45
3.6 Concluding Remarks ...................................................................................................... 45

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ........................................................... 46
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 46

4.2 The Implementation of Cooperative Learning Techniques ............................................ 46
4.2.1 The Implementation of in Think-Pair-Share Technique ...................................... 47
4.2.1.1The Steps ................................................................................................. 47
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Anit Pranita Devi, 2016
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING IN READING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

4.2.1.2 Key Elements of Cooperative Learning in Think-Pair-Share ............... 52
4.2.2 The Implementation of Jigsaw Technique ............................................................ 55
4.2.2.1 The Steps ................................................................................................... 57
4.2.2.2 Key Elements of Cooperative Learning in Jigsaw Technique .................. 61
4.2.3 The Implementation of in Structured Controversy Technique .............................. 65
4.2.3.1 The Steps ................................................................................................... 66
4.2.3.2 Key elements of Cooperative Learning in Structured
Controversy Technique ............................................................................. 71
4.2.4 The Result of Students’ Written Test ....................................................................... 75
4.2.5 Summary of the Implementation of Cooperative Learning Techniques in
Facilitating Students’ Critical Reading ................................................................... 79
4.2.5.1 The Encouragement of Student-Student Interaction ..................................... 80

4.2.5.2 The Provision of Group Purpose ................................................................... 83
4.2 .5.3 The Stimulus to the Development of Thought and Ideas ............................. 83
4.3

The Benefits and Challenges of the Implementation of Cooperative Learning ........... 85
4.3.1 Benefits ............................................................................................................ 85
4.3.1.1 Higher Involvement and Motivation .................................................... 85
4.3.1.2 Increased Opportunity for Language Use ............................................ 87
4.3.1.3 Developed Interpersonal Relationships................................................ 89
4.3.2 Challenges ....................................................................................................... 89
4.3.2.1 The Availability of Time ...................................................................... 90
4.3.2.2 Students’ English Proficiency .............................................................. 91
4.3.2.3 Students’ Contribution to the Groupwork ............................................ 92

4.4 Concluding Remarks ....................................................................................................... 94
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................ 95
5.1 Conclusions of the Study ................................................................................................ 95
5.2 Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................. 96
5.3 Recommendations for Further Studies ........................................................................... 97

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 98
vii
Anit Pranita Devi, 2016
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING IN READING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

APPENDICES

viii
Anit Pranita Devi, 2016
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING IN READING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Classroom observation, focus of the lessons and methods ....................... 40
Table 3.2 Observation Sheet...................................................................................... 43
Table 4.1 Students’ Test Result ................................................................................. 76
Table 4.2 Paired Samples Test ................................................................................. 78

ix

Anit Pranita Devi, 2016
USING COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING IN READING
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu