Perbedaan Status Periodontal pada Perokok Ringan, Sedang, dan Berat di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Irianto K. Epidemiologi penyakit menular dan tidak menular panduan klinis.
Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta, 2014: 468-72.
2.
Putri MH, Herijulianti E, Nurjannah E. Ilmu Pencegahan Penyakit Jaringan
Keras dan Jaringan Pendukung Gigi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC,
2010: 220-2.
3.
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data
Prevalence of tobacco use. http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/en. (11 Agustus
2015).
4.
Jain CD et al. Comparative analysis of periodontal health status by CPI Index in
cigarette somkers and non-smokers. International Journal of Advanced Health
Science 2014; 1(1): 2-5.
5.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS), 2013: 132-5.
6.
Alamsyah RM. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan merokok dan
hubungannya dengan status periodontal remaja di kota Medan tahun 2007. Tesis.
Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2009: 31-4.
7.
Sitepoe M. Usaha mencegah bahaya merokok. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1997: 7-10.
8.
Bustan MN. Menejemen pengendalian penyakit tidak menular. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta, 2015:261-70.
9.
Ng M, et al. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries,
1980-2012. J American Med Assoc 2014; 311(2): 183-92.
10. Jacob SP. Smoking as a risk factor for periodontitis: A literature review. Rev
Odonto J 2010; 25(4): 406-11.
11. Neto JBC, Rosa EF, Pannuti CM, Romito GA. Smoking and periodontal tissues:
a review. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26(1): 25-31.
12. Mohamed S, Anakiram C. Periodontal status among 35-44 years old tobacco
users in Karnataka, India. Indian Journal of Public Health 2013; 57(2): 105-8.
13. Malhotra R, Kapoor A, Grover V, Kaushal S. Nicotine and periodontal tissues.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2010; 14(1): 72-8.
14. Kolte AP, Kolte RA, Laddha RK. Effect of smoking on salivary composition and
periodontal status. Jorunal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2012; 16(3): 3502.
15. Arowojulu MO, Fawole OI, Dosumu EB, Opeodu OI. A comparative study of
oral hygiene status of smokers and non-smokers in Ibadan, Oyo state. Nigerian
Medical Journal 2013; 54(4): 240-3.
16. Gautam DK, Jindal V, Gupta SC, Tuli A, Kotwal B, Thakur R. Effect of cigarette
smoking on the periodontal health status: A comparative, cross sectional study. J
Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15(4): 383-7.
17. Rajali M, Palmer RM, Coward P, Wilson RF. A retrospective study of
periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers. British Dent Journal
2005; 198(8): 495-8.
18. Abu M. The effect of smoking on periodontal disease: An evidence-based
comprehensive literature review. Journal of Stomatology 2014; 4: 33-41.
19. Bergstrom J, Eliasson S, Dock J. Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal
health. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27(1): 61-8.
20. Tomar SL, Asma S. Amoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States:
finding from NHANES III. National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. J
Periodontol 2000; 71(5): 743-51.
21. Erdemir EO, Sonmez IS, Oba AA, Bergstorm J, Caglayan O. Periodontal health
in children exposed to passive smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37(2): 160-4.
22. Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed.,
Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2007: 97.
23. Shetty AC. Patiens’ awareness of the relationship between smoking and
periodontal disease in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Dentistry and Oral
Hygiene 2015; 7(5): 60-3.
24. Sredeevi M, Ramesh A, Dwarakanath. Periodontal status in smokers and nonsmokers: A clinical, microbiological, and histopatological study. Int D of J 2012;
1-10.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
25. Novak MJ, Novak KF, Preshaw PM. Smoking and periodontal disease. In:
Carranza FA ed. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. Ed 11., Missouri: Elsevier,
2012: 294-301.
26. Keputusan
Menteri
Kesehatan
Republik
Indonesian
Nomor.
1022/MENKES/SK/XI/2008. Tentang Pedoman Pengendalian Penyakit Paru
Obstruktif. 11-4.
27. The Tobacco Atlas. Our largest objective is to dramatically reduce the
consumption of combustible cigarettes. . (16
September 2015).
28. Wigand JS. Additives, cigarette design and tobacco product regulation. Japan :
Kobe, 2006: 2-42.
29. Geiss O, Kotzias D. Tobacco, cigarettes and cigarette smoke. Italy: Luxembourg,
2007: 1-10.
30. Wibowo A, dkk. Kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia konsep, aplikasi dan
tantangan. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, 2014: 323-9.
31. Kusuma ARP. Pengaruh merokok terhadap kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut.
Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Unisula 2013; 1-8.
32. Pejcic A, Obradovic R, Kesic L, Kojovic D. Smoking and periodontal disease a
review. Journal of Medcine and Biology 2007; 14(2): 53-9.
33. Lawande SA. Effect of smoking on periodontal therapy. International Jorunal of
Health Science and Research 2014; 4(5): 248-58.
34. Torkzaban P, Khalili Z, Ziaei N. Smoking and periodontal disease. Avicenna J
Dent Res 2013; 5(2): 1-7.
35. Javed F, Ahmed HB, Romanos GE. Assotiation between environmental tobacco
smoke and periodontal disease: A systematic review. Environmental Research
2014; 133: 117-22.
36. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT), 2004: 128.
37. Jogezai U, Maxood A, Khan NA. Comparison of periodontal health status of
smokers versus non-smokes. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2013; 25(1-2): 183-6.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
38. Eley BM, Soory M, Manson JD. The aetiology of periodontal disease. In:
Periodontics. 6th ed., Missouri: Elsevier, 2010: 36-41.
39. Jenco RJ. Risk factor for periodontal disease. In: BC Decker Periodontal
Medcine. London: BC Decker Inc, 2000: 12-9.
40. Taggart EJ, Perry DA. Gingival disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL.
Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
2007: 102-8.
41. James E. Hinrichs and M. John Novak. Classification of disease and conditions
affecting the periodontium. In: Carranza FA ed. Carranza’s Clinical
Periodontology. Ed 11., Missouri: Elsevier, 2012: 34-42.
42. Taggart EJ, Perry DA. Periodontal disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL.
Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
2007: 124-5.
43. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Ed ke-4.,
Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto, 2011: 368.
44. Dahlan MS. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian
kedokteran dan kesehatan. Ed ke-3., Jakarta: Salemba Medika, 2010: 21.
45. Perry DA. Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer
PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
2007: 48-9.
46. Reimondos et al,. Smoking and Young Adults in Indonesia. The 2010 Greater
Jakarta Transition of Adulthood Survey 2010: 1-6.
47. World Heath Organization (WHO). The Global Adult Tobacco Survey :
Indonesian Report 2011, 2011 : 14-35.
48. The Health and Social Care and Information Centre National Statistic UK.
Preventive behavior and risks to oral health – a report from the adult dental
health survey, 2011: 7-13.
49. Peeran et al., Periodontal status and risk factors among adults of sebha city
(Libya). International Journal of Dentistry 2012; 1-5.
50. Zhu L, Petersen PE, Wang HY, Bian JY, Zhang BX. Oral health knowledge,
Universitas Sumatera Utara
attitudes, and behavior of adults in China. International Dental Journal 2005; 55:
231-41.
51. Singh S, et al,. Association between tobacco smoking and periodontal status
among bank employees of Meerut city. Journal of Dental Research and Review
2015; 2(2): 67-9.
52. Pereira A, Castro A, Ramos Q, Alves C. Effect of cigarette smoking on oral
hygiene status. Rev Odonto Cienc 2013; 28(1): 4-7.
53. Petrovic M et al,. Comparative analysis of smoking influence on periodontal
tissues in subjects with periodontal disease. Journal of the Academy of Medical
Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013; 25(3): 196-8.
54. Anil SW et al,. Oral hygiene status and periodontal treatment needs of Nigerian
male smokers. TAF Prev Medicine Bulletin 2010; 9(2): 107-12.
55. Warnakulasuraiya S, et.al,. Oral heatlh risk of tobacco use and effects of
cessation. International Dental Journal 2010; 60(1): 7-30.
56. Gaphor SM, Ali SH, Abdullah MJ. Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1beta (IL1β) Level in Relation to the Periodontal Status in Smoker and Non-smoker
Individuals. J Interdiscpl Med Sci 2014; 2(3): 1-5.
57. Camargo et al,. Level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gingival crevicular fluid
from smokers and non-smokers in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis disease.
Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 2015; 7(5): 54-9.
58. Ali BJ et al,. Periodontal health status of heavy and light smokers and its
correlation with salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme (A comparative study). J
Bagh College Dentistry 2013; 25(3): 97-102.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.
Irianto K. Epidemiologi penyakit menular dan tidak menular panduan klinis.
Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta, 2014: 468-72.
2.
Putri MH, Herijulianti E, Nurjannah E. Ilmu Pencegahan Penyakit Jaringan
Keras dan Jaringan Pendukung Gigi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC,
2010: 220-2.
3.
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data
Prevalence of tobacco use. http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/en. (11 Agustus
2015).
4.
Jain CD et al. Comparative analysis of periodontal health status by CPI Index in
cigarette somkers and non-smokers. International Journal of Advanced Health
Science 2014; 1(1): 2-5.
5.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS), 2013: 132-5.
6.
Alamsyah RM. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan merokok dan
hubungannya dengan status periodontal remaja di kota Medan tahun 2007. Tesis.
Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2009: 31-4.
7.
Sitepoe M. Usaha mencegah bahaya merokok. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1997: 7-10.
8.
Bustan MN. Menejemen pengendalian penyakit tidak menular. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta, 2015:261-70.
9.
Ng M, et al. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries,
1980-2012. J American Med Assoc 2014; 311(2): 183-92.
10. Jacob SP. Smoking as a risk factor for periodontitis: A literature review. Rev
Odonto J 2010; 25(4): 406-11.
11. Neto JBC, Rosa EF, Pannuti CM, Romito GA. Smoking and periodontal tissues:
a review. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26(1): 25-31.
12. Mohamed S, Anakiram C. Periodontal status among 35-44 years old tobacco
users in Karnataka, India. Indian Journal of Public Health 2013; 57(2): 105-8.
13. Malhotra R, Kapoor A, Grover V, Kaushal S. Nicotine and periodontal tissues.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2010; 14(1): 72-8.
14. Kolte AP, Kolte RA, Laddha RK. Effect of smoking on salivary composition and
periodontal status. Jorunal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2012; 16(3): 3502.
15. Arowojulu MO, Fawole OI, Dosumu EB, Opeodu OI. A comparative study of
oral hygiene status of smokers and non-smokers in Ibadan, Oyo state. Nigerian
Medical Journal 2013; 54(4): 240-3.
16. Gautam DK, Jindal V, Gupta SC, Tuli A, Kotwal B, Thakur R. Effect of cigarette
smoking on the periodontal health status: A comparative, cross sectional study. J
Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15(4): 383-7.
17. Rajali M, Palmer RM, Coward P, Wilson RF. A retrospective study of
periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers. British Dent Journal
2005; 198(8): 495-8.
18. Abu M. The effect of smoking on periodontal disease: An evidence-based
comprehensive literature review. Journal of Stomatology 2014; 4: 33-41.
19. Bergstrom J, Eliasson S, Dock J. Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal
health. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27(1): 61-8.
20. Tomar SL, Asma S. Amoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States:
finding from NHANES III. National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. J
Periodontol 2000; 71(5): 743-51.
21. Erdemir EO, Sonmez IS, Oba AA, Bergstorm J, Caglayan O. Periodontal health
in children exposed to passive smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37(2): 160-4.
22. Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed.,
Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2007: 97.
23. Shetty AC. Patiens’ awareness of the relationship between smoking and
periodontal disease in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Dentistry and Oral
Hygiene 2015; 7(5): 60-3.
24. Sredeevi M, Ramesh A, Dwarakanath. Periodontal status in smokers and nonsmokers: A clinical, microbiological, and histopatological study. Int D of J 2012;
1-10.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
25. Novak MJ, Novak KF, Preshaw PM. Smoking and periodontal disease. In:
Carranza FA ed. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. Ed 11., Missouri: Elsevier,
2012: 294-301.
26. Keputusan
Menteri
Kesehatan
Republik
Indonesian
Nomor.
1022/MENKES/SK/XI/2008. Tentang Pedoman Pengendalian Penyakit Paru
Obstruktif. 11-4.
27. The Tobacco Atlas. Our largest objective is to dramatically reduce the
consumption of combustible cigarettes. . (16
September 2015).
28. Wigand JS. Additives, cigarette design and tobacco product regulation. Japan :
Kobe, 2006: 2-42.
29. Geiss O, Kotzias D. Tobacco, cigarettes and cigarette smoke. Italy: Luxembourg,
2007: 1-10.
30. Wibowo A, dkk. Kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia konsep, aplikasi dan
tantangan. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, 2014: 323-9.
31. Kusuma ARP. Pengaruh merokok terhadap kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut.
Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Unisula 2013; 1-8.
32. Pejcic A, Obradovic R, Kesic L, Kojovic D. Smoking and periodontal disease a
review. Journal of Medcine and Biology 2007; 14(2): 53-9.
33. Lawande SA. Effect of smoking on periodontal therapy. International Jorunal of
Health Science and Research 2014; 4(5): 248-58.
34. Torkzaban P, Khalili Z, Ziaei N. Smoking and periodontal disease. Avicenna J
Dent Res 2013; 5(2): 1-7.
35. Javed F, Ahmed HB, Romanos GE. Assotiation between environmental tobacco
smoke and periodontal disease: A systematic review. Environmental Research
2014; 133: 117-22.
36. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT), 2004: 128.
37. Jogezai U, Maxood A, Khan NA. Comparison of periodontal health status of
smokers versus non-smokes. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2013; 25(1-2): 183-6.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
38. Eley BM, Soory M, Manson JD. The aetiology of periodontal disease. In:
Periodontics. 6th ed., Missouri: Elsevier, 2010: 36-41.
39. Jenco RJ. Risk factor for periodontal disease. In: BC Decker Periodontal
Medcine. London: BC Decker Inc, 2000: 12-9.
40. Taggart EJ, Perry DA. Gingival disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL.
Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
2007: 102-8.
41. James E. Hinrichs and M. John Novak. Classification of disease and conditions
affecting the periodontium. In: Carranza FA ed. Carranza’s Clinical
Periodontology. Ed 11., Missouri: Elsevier, 2012: 34-42.
42. Taggart EJ, Perry DA. Periodontal disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL.
Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
2007: 124-5.
43. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Ed ke-4.,
Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto, 2011: 368.
44. Dahlan MS. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian
kedokteran dan kesehatan. Ed ke-3., Jakarta: Salemba Medika, 2010: 21.
45. Perry DA. Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer
PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders,
2007: 48-9.
46. Reimondos et al,. Smoking and Young Adults in Indonesia. The 2010 Greater
Jakarta Transition of Adulthood Survey 2010: 1-6.
47. World Heath Organization (WHO). The Global Adult Tobacco Survey :
Indonesian Report 2011, 2011 : 14-35.
48. The Health and Social Care and Information Centre National Statistic UK.
Preventive behavior and risks to oral health – a report from the adult dental
health survey, 2011: 7-13.
49. Peeran et al., Periodontal status and risk factors among adults of sebha city
(Libya). International Journal of Dentistry 2012; 1-5.
50. Zhu L, Petersen PE, Wang HY, Bian JY, Zhang BX. Oral health knowledge,
Universitas Sumatera Utara
attitudes, and behavior of adults in China. International Dental Journal 2005; 55:
231-41.
51. Singh S, et al,. Association between tobacco smoking and periodontal status
among bank employees of Meerut city. Journal of Dental Research and Review
2015; 2(2): 67-9.
52. Pereira A, Castro A, Ramos Q, Alves C. Effect of cigarette smoking on oral
hygiene status. Rev Odonto Cienc 2013; 28(1): 4-7.
53. Petrovic M et al,. Comparative analysis of smoking influence on periodontal
tissues in subjects with periodontal disease. Journal of the Academy of Medical
Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013; 25(3): 196-8.
54. Anil SW et al,. Oral hygiene status and periodontal treatment needs of Nigerian
male smokers. TAF Prev Medicine Bulletin 2010; 9(2): 107-12.
55. Warnakulasuraiya S, et.al,. Oral heatlh risk of tobacco use and effects of
cessation. International Dental Journal 2010; 60(1): 7-30.
56. Gaphor SM, Ali SH, Abdullah MJ. Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1beta (IL1β) Level in Relation to the Periodontal Status in Smoker and Non-smoker
Individuals. J Interdiscpl Med Sci 2014; 2(3): 1-5.
57. Camargo et al,. Level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gingival crevicular fluid
from smokers and non-smokers in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis disease.
Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 2015; 7(5): 54-9.
58. Ali BJ et al,. Periodontal health status of heavy and light smokers and its
correlation with salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme (A comparative study). J
Bagh College Dentistry 2013; 25(3): 97-102.
Universitas Sumatera Utara