The Concepts of Classic and Fantasy in New Belia Mist Cologne in Two Advertisements From Belia's Website.

Maranatha Christian University iii

ABSTRACT

Dalam skripsi ini, saya membahas dua buah iklan cologne untuk remaja yang dikeluarkan oleh salah satu produsen cologne untuk remaja di Indonesia, yaitu Belia. Kedua iklan tersebut adalah iklan New Belia Mist Cologne Flamin’ Love dan iklan New Belia Mist Cologne Earth Fantasy.

Dalam menganalisis kedua iklan tersebut, saya menggunakan teori semiotika yang dikemukakan oleh Ferdinand de Saussure. Secara umum, teori semiotika adalah teori yang mempelajari tanda-tanda sedangkan menurut Saussure, teori semiotika adalah teori yang mempelajari peran tanda-tanda sebagai bagian dalam kehidupan sosial.

Saya berharap skripsi ini dapat berguna bagi para pembaca karena di dalam skripsi ini terdapat teori-teori dan juga analisis yang dapat menambah pengetahuan para pembaca mengenai makna dibalik suatu iklan. Selain itu juga, teori dan analisis tersebut dapat menjadi salah satu masukan bagi para pembaca yang ingin menganalisis iklan serupa atau pun yang berbeda.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS………. ii

ABSTRACT……….. iii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study……….. 1

Statement of the Problem………. 4

Purpose of the Study………. 5

Method of Research……….. 5

Organization of the Thesis……… 5

CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Saussurean Semiotics………. 7

2.2 Theory of the Meaning of Composition………. 9

2.3 Theory of the Hidden Meaning of Different Colors………... 10

2.4 Code Mixing in Advertisements………. 10

CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF CLASSIC AND FANTASY IN NEW BELIA MIST COLOGNE IN TWO ADVERTISEMENTS FROM BELIA’S WEBSITE……….. 12

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION………... 49

BIBLIOGRAPHY………. 54

APPENDICES New Belia Mist Cologne Flamin’ Love advertisement……… 63

63

1

Maranatha Christian University

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is a normal aspect of our lives to see advertisements around us. When we walk down the street, we can see billboards and signs containing advertisements. When we get in touch with mass media, such as reading a magazine or watching television, we can also find advertisements. An advertisement is “a notice, picture, or film telling people about a product, job or service” (“Advertisement,” def. 1). Usually, advertisers use some elements or signs which suit the product; in this way, the product will be more attractive and it can attract people’s attention.

I am interested in analysing advertisements because advertisements are something that people can see every day. However, when looking at advertisements, most people only focus on the name of the product and what kind of product it is. They do not pay attention to other elements in the advertisements, such as colors, words, position, and why the advertiser uses them. People just focus on what is

being advertised without trying to understand why the advertisements focus on what is being advertised without trying to understand why the advertisements are created in such a way and what the purpose is for using each element in the advertisements. People are also usually unaware that there are some specific meanings behind the elements which are used by the advertiser to create the representation of the product in the advertisements. This is the reason I choose advertisements as my data: I want to analyze each element in the advertisements and find the meaning behind them, according to the representation that the advertiser wants to convey to the reader.

The sources of data are New Belia Mist Cologne Flamin’ Love and New Belia Mist Cologne Earth Fantasy fragrances. These data are taken from

www.belia.com, which is the official website of Belia-Martha Tilaar. I prefer to choose New Belia Mist Cologne Flamin’ Love and New Belia Mist Cologne Earth Fantasy advertisements rather than the others because the concept seems obvious and it seems clear how to relate each element to the concept.

Belia is a brand name of beauty products for teenagers in Indonesia which was launched in 1992. Belia is made by Martha Tilaar Group for fulfilling the needs of teenagers in cosmetic products. Martha Tilaar Group wants to make beauty products which are safe if they are used by teenagers and suitable with the condition of teenagers’ skin. Therefore, Martha Tilaar Group chooses Belia as the brand which represents the beauty products for teenagers (“Brand Profile-Belia”).

The products of Belia are widely distributed in Indonesia. There are some outlets that are spread over many cities in Indonesia, such as Jabotabek, Yogyakarta, Medan, Surabaya and Pontianak. Martha Tilaar Group also promotes

3

Maranatha Christian University Belia products by using social networking such as Facebook and Twitter, the most popular social networking nowadays, so that people can easily be informed about the new products of Belia and the events that are held by Belia (“Store Location”). The products of Belia consist of compact powder, lip care and mist cologne. Each product has several variants; for the mist cologne there are two types, namely, Mist Cologne and New Mist Cologne. For this thesis, I will only focus on one of them, which is the New Mist Cologne. The New Mist Cologne has four different fragrances, namely, Flamin’ Love, Earth Fantasy, Ocean Crush and Windy Lullaby. According to the official Facebook of Belia, the Flamin’ Love fragrance is inspired by the characteristics of the element of fire, which are romantic, passionate and full of imagination. The Earth Fantasy fragrance is inspired by the characteristics of the earth element, which are calm, composed and casual. The Ocean Crush fragrance represents the characteristics of the water element, namely, cool, tough and sensitive. In addition, the Windy Lullaby fragrance represents the characteristics of the air element, which are friendly, easygoing, cheerful and stylish (“Belia Facebook Page”). The New Mist Cologne advertisements and packagings also have different designs from the earlier mist cologne product. The designs are more attractive and colorful, both in the product and also in the advertisements. This attracts people’s attention as they are eye-catching (“Product”).

The creativity of Martha Tilaar Group in making so many innovative Belia products leads them to get some achievements, such as “The Best in Achieving Total Customer Satisfaction” in 2001, MURI award: “Penciptaan Nama Parfum Baru dengan Jumlah Terbanyak” in 2007, “Indonesia Best Packaging Award” in

2008 and “the Most User Friendly Packaging & the Most Safety Packaging” in 2009 (“Brand Profile”). Those achievements show us that Belia is a reliable product which has been acknowledged by many people in Indonesia.

The topic of my thesis belongs to Semiotics and I use Saussure’s theory as the framework for doing the analysis. Saussure’s theory supports my analysis because it can help me find out the signifiers and signifieds of the advertisement to reveal the meaning behind them. In addition, I use the theory of the hidden meanings of different colors by Luc Dupont, which is taken from his book 1001 Advertising Tips, and the theory of the meaning of composition by Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen from their book Reading Image: The Grammar of Visual Design.

The significance of my study is people will get more knowledge about advertisements; they will not only know more about the product, but they will also understand more about various elements that constitute an advertisement. People will know why the advertiser chooses some particular elements in the advertisements and the meaning behind them so that they will understand more about the product itself.

(899 words)

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In this thesis, I will analyze the problems:

1) What are the linguistic signs in two New Belia Mist Cologne advertisements?

5

Maranatha Christian University 3) How is New Belia Mist Cologne product represented in the

advertisements?

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

In this thesis I intend:

1) To show the linguistic signs in two New Belia Mist Cologne advertisements.

2) To show what the linguistic signs signify.

3) To show how the New Belia Mist Cologne product is represented in the advertisements.

1.4 METHODS OF RESEARCH

The method that is used in doing the research is library research. I searched for some theories related to semiotics. Then, I looked for advertisements in some magazines and the Internet. On the basis of this, I chose New Belia Mist Cologne Flamin’ Love and New Belia Mist Cologne Earth Fantasy fragrances as my data. After that, I collected all the elements in these two advertisements and analyzed them by using the theories that I collected. At the end, I wrote the research report.

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS

This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One is the Introduction of this thesis. It contains Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of the Study, Methods of the Research and Organization of the Thesis.

The next chapter is Chapter Two, which contains the theories that I use in analyzing the data. Chapter Three contains the analysis, which answers the problems in Chapter One. This is followed by Chapter Four, which becomes the conclusion of the thesis. The next part is Bibliography, in which I put the sources of the theories that support my analysis. The last part is Appendices, in which I put the pictures of the advertisements that I analyze.

Maranatha Christian University 49

CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

After doing the analysis of the two advertisements of New Belia Mist Cologne in Chapter Three, I conclude that the concept of the two advertisements is classic and fantasy. Classic is “elegant, but simple and traditional in style or design; not affected by changes in fashion” (“Classic,” def. 3). In addition, fantasy means “the act of imagining things; a person’s imagination” (“Fantasy,” def. 3). In the first advertisement, which is New Belia Mist Cologne Flamin’ Love fragrance, the concept of classic is represented by the style of the model, the lantern and the hot air balloons; while the concept of fantasy in this advertisement is represented by the swans, butterflies, clouds, the centaur, the castle, hearts, flowers, lotus, blue, pink, and red colors.

In the second advertisement, which is New Belia Mist Cologne Earth Fantasy fragrance, the concept of classic is represented by the style of the model, as in the first advertisement. In addition, the concept of fantasy in this advertisement is represented by the forest, pine trees, hills, steeples, falling leaves, ferns, dragonflies, storks, green, green, and gold colors.

These two advertisements have some similarities and differences. The similarities of these advertisements are related to the concept and the personality of teenagers. Both advertisements have the same concept, which is classic and fantasy. The concept of classic is shown by the style of the model, which is classic. The term classic in the style of the model refers to a style that still exists and does not change from the past until the present time. In addition, the concept of fantasy is shown by the other elements in the advertisements, such as a centaur and swans. Both advertisements also have some characteristics in the textual signifiers which refer to the personalities of teenagers in general, such as energetic and full of imagination.

Although the two advertisements have the same concept, there are several things which make the concept in the first and second advertisements a little different. In the first advertisement, the concept of classic is represented by the vintage style of the model, while in the second advertisement, the concept of classic is represented by the bohemian style of the model. The concept of fantasy in the first and second advertisements is also different. In the first advertisement, the concept of fantasy is more about fairy tales, while in the second advertisement, it is more about mythology.

Besides the concept, the characteristics of teenagers in both advertisements are different as well. There are some differences in the personalities of teenagers shown in the advertisements. In the first advertisement, the personalities of teenagers are passionate and full of imagination, while in the second advertisement, the personality is energetic.

Maranatha Christian University 51

Both advertisements have the concept of classic because the styles of the models are still the same until now. The style of clothing, accessories, shoes and the hairstyles are still worn by many modern women. These suit the meaning of the word classic. The other elements in these advertisements are classified as fantasy because each element in these advertisements has a meaning or symbolism which suits the concept of fantasy. Besides this, both advertisements show the characteristics of teenagers because in these advertisements, there are some words which represent the characteristics of the products that suit the characteristics of teenagers.

In addition, there are also some reasons why the concepts of two advertisements are different. The styles of the models in these advertisements are different because they represent teenagers who have their own creativity in making their own styles, so that their style will be different from other teenagers.

In the first advertisement, the classic concept refers to the vintage style. Therefore, the product is represented as a product for teenagers who want to have a vintage look. In the second advertisement, the classic concept refers to the bohemian style. Therefore, the product is represented as a product for teenagers who want to look bohemian.

The concepts of fantasy are also different: in the first advertisement, most of the elements are related to fairytale, while in the second advertisement, most of the elements are related to mythology, such as Greek mythology and Norse mythology. Therefore, the product is represented as a product which shows the various imaginations of teenagers. Thus, I conclude that the products in the advertisements are represented as the products which suit any styles of teenagers

and show the various imaginations of teenagers.

In doing my analysis, I stumbled upon some difficulties. There are some elements which cannot be related to the concept, such as the brown and orange colors in the second advertisement. These colors do not have meanings which are related to the concept. The color of orange, for example, has the meaning of creativity. Actually, creativity is related to imagination, and imagination is also related to fantasy. However, it will be too imposing if I state that the creativity is related to fantasy. Therefore, I do not include this color in the concept of fantasy. In addition, I think these colors are used only for aesthetic purposes.

The other difficulty is when I had to find information about the two steeples in the second advertisement. Actually, at first, it was quite hard for me to find out what kind of towers they were because I did not know the function of these towers or even the name of them. In other words, I had no idea what they were. It was also difficult for me to find articles or some sources which had similar pictures of these towers. Finally, I found a picture of a tower which was quite similar to the towers in the second advertisement, and it was a steeple. The function and the story behind the steeple that I found were quite suitable with the concept of fantasy.

There were also some difficulties when I had to find the patterns in the model’s dress in the second advertisement. The plaid pattern in the dress was something which I had not known before. I used to think that a plaid pattern is like stripes. But after reading some sources about bohemian style, I realized that plaid was one of the patterns was common to bohemian style.

Maranatha Christian University 53

attention, because they are dominated by various pictures and bright colors. In the first advertisement, both the visual and textual signifiers can be related to the concepts. However, in the second advertisement, the concepts are only represented by the visual signifiers. The textual signifiers in the second advertisement cannot be related to the concepts because the meanings of the words do not suit the concepts. Thus, according to semiotic point of view, I conclude that the first advertisement is better than the second advertisement, because most of the elements in the first advertisement can refer to the concepts.

After doing the analysis of New Belia Mist Cologne advertisements, I have some suggestions for other people who want to analyze cologne advertisements for teenagers. The first thing they have to know is the concept of the advertisement that they want to put forward. In addition, they have to find the appropriate theories which can support their concept; it will be better for them to analyze the advertisements until the second order, so that they can have a better understanding about the meaning, concept and message behind the advertisements or the products, and consequently, they will be able to present a clear and thorough analysis.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Text

Belia New Mist Cologne. Advertisement. Belia. August 2010. Web. 18 Feb. 2012.

References

“1940s Hair-Create 1940s Hair that Turns Head.” 1940’s Hairstyles & Rockabilly Glamour Retro & Vintage Hairstyle & Fashion. n.d. Web. 13 March 2012.

“A Parent’s Guide to Surviving the Teen Years.” Kids Health. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013.

Aliexpress. Alibaba.com, 1999-2013. Web. 15 March 2013.

Andrews, Ted, Jessica Dawn Palmer, and Steven D. Farmer. “Swan Symbolism.”

Pure Spirit. n.d. Web. 12 March 2012.

Annie. “Bohemian Headbands.” Buzznet. 11 June 2009. Web. 16 March 2013. “Bahasa Inggris Lebih Keren.” Romeltea Magazine. 26 July 2012. Web. 18 Sept.

Maranatha Christian University 55

Baumann, Trudy. “The Four Elements and the Signs.” Astrodienst. n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Bayan, Richard. Words That Sell. United States of America: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print.

Bennett, Matthew. “How to Dress Bohemian.” HowToDoThings.com. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Benu, Nur Januarita. “Lentera Modern Perpaduan Barat dan Timur.”

okezone.com. 5 Feb 2012. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Blair, Jennifer. ”Colors for Earth, Air, Fire and Water.” Ehow. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

Boshears, Carol. “Polka Dots are Back: A History of Polka Dot Design.” Helium. 18 June 2007. Web. 15 March 2013.

Bourn, Jennifer. “Color Meaning: Meaning of the Color Gold.” Bourn Creative. 5 Nov. 2010. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Color Meaning: Meaning of the Color Orange.” Bourn Creative. 16 Feb. 2011. Web. 17 March 2013.

Bull, Bonnie. “Psyche-The Immortal Soul.” The Flower Frog Gazette. 8 April 2001. Web. 11 March 2012.

Cabrera, Samantha. “How to Wear Boho Headbands.” Ehow. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Cakrawarti, Dias Astuti. 2011. “Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing in the Teenlit Canting Cantiq by Dyan Nuranindya.” Unpublished dissertation. Universitas Diponegoro.

Chictopia. Chictopia, LLC, 2012. Web. 13 March 2012.

Dahl, Elisabeth. “What Is Bohemian Clothing?” Ehow. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013. Damanik, Caroline. “Bicara Dalam Bahasa Inggris kok Masih Sulit Yah?”

Kompas.com. 5 Sept. 2012. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.

Daya, Fadlan Ady. “Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia di Kalangan Pelajar.”

Kompasiana. 29 April 2011. Web. 11 Sept. 2012.

Dewi, Indah Sari. “Sejarah Balon Udara.” Engineering Town for Kids. Web. 12 March 2012.

Dreamstime. Dreamstime, 2000-2013. Web. 15 March 2013. Dupont, Luc. 1001 Advertising Tips. Canada: CTR, 2006. Print. “Egyptian Gods and Goddesses.” Nekhebet. n.d. Web. 8 July 2013.

Etsy. Etsy, Inc, 2013. Web. 15 March 2013.

Fashion Style. Advertisement. Kawanku 25 February-11 March 2009: 64. Print. “Fire Element.” The 5 Elements Acupuncture Network. n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012. “Five Elements or the Five States of Change.” Nation Online. n.d. Web. 18

March 2013.

Gaunt, Justine. “The Fairytale Forest-a Source of Symbolism.” Woodlands.co.uk. 24 March 2011. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Goddess Symbols: Demeter Symbols and Myths.” Goddess Gift. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013.

“Green Gladiator Sandals.” The Gloss. 6 April 2008. Web. 16 March 2013. Green, Tara. “Dragonfly Theme Gifts.” Ehow. n.d. Web. 10 April 2013.

Greene, Kochava R. “What Is the Origin of Church Steeple?” Ehow. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

Maranatha Christian University 57

Hairvane. “Cute Hairstyles for Straight Hair.” Hair Styles Vane. 26 June 2012. Web, 16 March 2013.

Harrison, Ashton. “Vintage Gold Renaissance Lantern.” Shades of Light. n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Hazard, Brittany. “Bohemian Cool Meets Rocker Chic.” New York Girl Style. 20 April 2012. Web. 15 March 2013.

Helmy, Ahmed. “Bohemian Wedding Dress.” Stylish Eve. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013.

Hickman, Leo. “The Forest: From Fairytales to Horror Films.” The Guardian. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Kembali Bergaya dengan Padanan Head-band.” OktoMagazines. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Kenner, Corrine. “The Layered Symbolism of Clouds.” The Tarot School. n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Kress, Gunther, Theo van Leeuwen. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. 2nded. London: Routledge, 2006. Print.

Kumar, Senthil. “What are the Mental Characteristics of Adolescence?” Publish Your Articles. n.d. Web. 4 March 2013.

Lindemans, Micha F. “Centaurs.” Encyclopedia Mythica. 24 June 2005. Web. 14 March 2012.

“Lotus.” traditioncustom.com. n.d. Web. 8 July 2013.

“Meanings of Flowers.” Easy Flowers. n.d. Web. 13 March 2012.

“My Way Brown Gladiator Sandals.” Swimwear365.co.uk. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Napitupulu, Ester Lince. “Jago Ngomong Inggris Biar Tampak Keren?”

Kompas.com. 12 Nov. 2010. Web. 18 March 2013.

Nidhi. “How to Dress Boho: Bohemian Clothing.” Glamcheck. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013.

Nurmatari, Avitia. “Bergaya Vintage dengan Blouse Klasik.” Detik Bandung. 1 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 March 2012.

Octaviany. 2006. “Negotiation of Meaning in Advertisement Interpretation.” Unpublished dissertation. Universitas Bina Nusantara.

Ola. “Bohemian Hairstyles for Women.” Stylish Eve. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Overstock.com. N.p, 2012. Web. 12 March 2012.

Parris, Lisa. “What Colors Mean What?” Ehow. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld.” Greeka.com. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

Puspitasari, Henny. “Tidur 8 Jam Sehari: Kebutuhan atau Kebiasaan?”

metrotvnews.com. 21 March 2012. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Poespo, Goet. A to Z Istilah Fashion. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2009. Print.

Ramlan, Nana. “[Bahasa dan Kita] Bila Nama Al4y Tertera di Akta Lahir.”

Kompasiana. 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 18 Sept. 2012.

“Relationship-Fairy-Tale Romance.” NewFriends4U.com. n.d. Web. 13 March 2012.

Santrock, John W. Life-Span Development. 9th ed. America, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print.

Maranatha Christian University 59

Senov, Carsten. “The Earth Element.” four element profile. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013.

Smith, Frankie. “Good Things about High Heels.” Ehow. n.d. Web. 21 April 2013.

Smith, Kate. “All about the Color Brown.” Sensational Color. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013.

Snedon, Dr. James N. “’Slang’ Terms: Cowok, Cewek and Bokap, Nyokap.”

Bahasa Kita. 13 Aug. 2012. Web. 18 March 2013.

Spano, Sedra. “Stages of Adolescent Development.” Act for Youth Centre of Excellence. May 2004. Web. 4 March 2013.

Stadther, Marie. “Tree Goddess: Pine Trees, Cedars and Mythology.”

aNewsCafe.com. 29 June 2011. Web. 17 March 2013.

Stimpert, Desiree. “Platform Shoes.” About.com. n.d. Web. 11 March 2012. “Stork.” Ehibou. 10 June 2010. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Stork Totem.” About.com. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

St8ment. St8ment, 2012. Web. 16 March 2013.

“Symbolism: Forest.” Ghoostwoods. 6 May 2010. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Teacher’s Guide to the Autumn / Fall Season.” Teachnology. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.F

“The Significance of the Color Blue.” do it yourself. n.d. Web. 8 July 2013. Venefika, Avia. “Heart Symbol Meaning.” Whats-Your-Sign.com. n.d. Web. 11

March 2012.

“Vintage, Model Lama Yang Tetap ‘In’.” Dsari magazine 15 February 2011: 43. Web. 13 March 2012.

“What are Gladiator Sandals?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013. “What is a Bangle?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

“What is Bohemian Fashion?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013. “What is a Fairy?” Bubblews. 6 February 2013. Web. 17 March 2013. “What is Plaid?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013.

“What are Polka Dots?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013. “Why the Fern?” Fern Life Centre. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

Wright, Joel. “What Is the Meaning of the Word Vintage?” Ehow.com. n.d. Web. 5 March 2012.

Yugianingrum. “Penggunaan Ungkapan Berbahasa Inggris dalam Beberapa Iklan Berbahasa Indonesia.” Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya: Tingkat Internasional 4 (2006): 155-159. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.

Dictionary

“Advertisement.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Belia.” Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008. Print. “Brand new.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Bolero.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Castle.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Classic.” Def. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Energize.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

Maranatha Christian University 61

“Fantasy.” Def. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Fern.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Flaming.” Def. 4. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Forest.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Fresh.” Def. 4. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Gal.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Head-band.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Imagination.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Lantern.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Love.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Manis.” Entry 1, 2. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008.

Print.

“Mythology.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “New.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Passion.” Def. 1. Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2010. Print.

“Passion.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Passionate.” Def. 2. Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama, 2010. Print.

“Passionate.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Perfect.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Pine.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Platform.” Def. 7. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Romance.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Romantic.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Segar.” Entry 3. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008. Print. “Steeple.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Stork.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Super.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Sweet.” Def. 1. Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama, 2010. Print.

Hairvane. “Cute Hairstyles for Straight Hair.” Hair Styles Vane. 26 June 2012. Web, 16 March 2013.

Harrison, Ashton. “Vintage Gold Renaissance Lantern.” Shades of Light. n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Hazard, Brittany. “Bohemian Cool Meets Rocker Chic.” New York Girl Style. 20 April 2012. Web. 15 March 2013.

Helmy, Ahmed. “Bohemian Wedding Dress.” Stylish Eve. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013.

Hickman, Leo. “The Forest: From Fairytales to Horror Films.” The Guardian. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Kembali Bergaya dengan Padanan Head-band.” OktoMagazines. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Kenner, Corrine. “The Layered Symbolism of Clouds.” The Tarot School. n.d. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Kress, Gunther, Theo van Leeuwen. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual

Design. 2nded. London: Routledge, 2006. Print.

Kumar, Senthil. “What are the Mental Characteristics of Adolescence?” Publish

Your Articles. n.d. Web. 4 March 2013.

Lindemans, Micha F. “Centaurs.” Encyclopedia Mythica. 24 June 2005. Web. 14 March 2012.

“Lotus.” traditioncustom.com. n.d. Web. 8 July 2013.

“Meanings of Flowers.” Easy Flowers. n.d. Web. 13 March 2012.

Napitupulu, Ester Lince. “Jago Ngomong Inggris Biar Tampak Keren?”

Kompas.com. 12 Nov. 2010. Web. 18 March 2013.

Nidhi. “How to Dress Boho: Bohemian Clothing.” Glamcheck. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013.

Nurmatari, Avitia. “Bergaya Vintage dengan Blouse Klasik.” Detik Bandung. 1 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 March 2012.

Octaviany. 2006. “Negotiation of Meaning in Advertisement Interpretation.” Unpublished dissertation. Universitas Bina Nusantara.

Ola. “Bohemian Hairstyles for Women.” Stylish Eve. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

Overstock.com. N.p, 2012. Web. 12 March 2012.

Parris, Lisa. “What Colors Mean What?” Ehow. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld.” Greeka.com. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

Puspitasari, Henny. “Tidur 8 Jam Sehari: Kebutuhan atau Kebiasaan?”

metrotvnews.com. 21 March 2012. Web. 4 Sept. 2012.

Poespo, Goet. A to Z Istilah Fashion. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2009. Print.

Ramlan, Nana. “[Bahasa dan Kita] Bila Nama Al4y Tertera di Akta Lahir.”

Kompasiana. 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 18 Sept. 2012.

“Relationship-Fairy-Tale Romance.” NewFriends4U.com. n.d. Web. 13 March 2012.

Santrock, John W. Life-Span Development. 9th ed. America, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print.

Senov, Carsten. “The Earth Element.” four element profile. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013.

Smith, Frankie. “Good Things about High Heels.” Ehow. n.d. Web. 21 April 2013.

Smith, Kate. “All about the Color Brown.” Sensational Color. n.d. Web. 18 March 2013.

Snedon, Dr. James N. “’Slang’ Terms: Cowok, Cewek and Bokap, Nyokap.”

Bahasa Kita. 13 Aug. 2012. Web. 18 March 2013.

Spano, Sedra. “Stages of Adolescent Development.” Act for Youth Centre of

Excellence. May 2004. Web. 4 March 2013.

Stadther, Marie. “Tree Goddess: Pine Trees, Cedars and Mythology.”

aNewsCafe.com. 29 June 2011. Web. 17 March 2013.

Stimpert, Desiree. “Platform Shoes.” About.com. n.d. Web. 11 March 2012. “Stork.” Ehibou. 10 June 2010. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Stork Totem.” About.com. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

St8ment. St8ment, 2012. Web. 16 March 2013.

“Symbolism: Forest.” Ghoostwoods. 6 May 2010. Web. 17 March 2013.

“Teacher’s Guide to the Autumn / Fall Season.” Teachnology. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.F

“The Significance of the Color Blue.” do it yourself. n.d. Web. 8 July 2013. Venefika, Avia. “Heart Symbol Meaning.” Whats-Your-Sign.com. n.d. Web. 11

March 2012.

“Vintage, Model Lama Yang Tetap ‘In’.” Dsari magazine 15 February 2011: 43. Web. 13 March 2012.

“What are Gladiator Sandals?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013. “What is a Bangle?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 16 March 2013.

“What is Bohemian Fashion?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013. “What is a Fairy?” Bubblews. 6 February 2013. Web. 17 March 2013. “What is Plaid?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013.

“What are Polka Dots?” wiseGeek. n.d. Web. 15 March 2013. “Why the Fern?” Fern Life Centre. n.d. Web. 17 March 2013.

Wright, Joel. “What Is the Meaning of the Word Vintage?” Ehow.com. n.d. Web. 5 March 2012.

Yugianingrum. “Penggunaan Ungkapan Berbahasa Inggris dalam Beberapa Iklan Berbahasa Indonesia.” Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya: Tingkat

Internasional 4 (2006): 155-159. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.

Dictionary

“Advertisement.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Belia.” Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008. Print. “Brand new.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Bolero.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Castle.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Classic.” Def. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Fantasy.” Def. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Fern.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Flaming.” Def. 4. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Forest.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Fresh.” Def. 4. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Gal.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Head-band.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Imagination.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Lantern.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Love.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Manis.” Entry 1, 2. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008.

Print.

“Mythology.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “New.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Passion.” Def. 1. Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2010. Print.

“Passion.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Passionate.” Def. 2. Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama, 2010. Print.

“Passionate.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Perfect.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Pine.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Romance.” Def. 2. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Romantic.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Segar.” Entry 3. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008. Print. “Steeple.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Stork.” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print.

“Super.” Def. 1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 6th ed. 2000. Print. “Sweet.” Def. 1. Kamus Inggris Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama, 2010. Print.