Group Japan Report Harry Anugrah Pradana

REPORT
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Tokyo, Japan 15 – 19 May 2017


Held by:







Arranged by:
Harry Anugerah Pradana
120820160063

Master of Management Program
Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Padjadjaran
2017




It was my first trip to Japan. My friends and I, were from the STAR-BPKP scholarship program. We
attended The International Joint Seminar & Company Visit Overseas. This program held by MM FEB Unpad, to
show its mission statement with the aim of nurturing highly skilled professionals in the area of international
environment.
A. Marketing Analysis

As we know, Japan is one of advanced country in the world as an economic and demographic trendsetter. Japan is a technologically country which has an important role in the international trading system. It
became a key player in the global economy and the global supply chain with strong protections and established
rule of law for intellectual and real property rights.

Politically, Japan's economy is strongly supported by policies made by its government. Prime Minister
Abe has been implementing economic policies to revitalize the economy. These new economic policies were
known as “Abenomics”, a strategy that combines monetary easing, expansive fiscal policy, and structural
reform.

On this visiting occasion to this Sakura country, there are so many knowledge and new experiences
that can be taken, especially about the concept of marketing mix from some places we have visited. In modern
marketing, marketing mix is one of the basic concepts. The marketing mix has been defined as the set of
actions or tactics that a firm uses to promote its product or brand in the target market. Kotler (2002) explained
that marketing mix (4P) includes product, price, place, and promotion:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Product: everything that is offered to a market to desire a need.

Price: the amount of money required to gain a number of items and services.
Place: a marketing activity that seeks expedite or facilitate the delivery of goods and services from
producers to consumers so that its use as required.
Promotion: the form of marketing activities, which communicate the brand, product, and service to
the user. The purpose is to make people aware and attract to buy the product.

We visited several places, which are Nakamise Dori, Tokyo Sky Tree, Ameyoko, Ginza, Tsukiji Fish
Outer Market, Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, Odaiba, Takushoku University, Harajuku (Takeshita Dori),
Akihabara, and Shisui Premium Outlet. These places have own characteristics in marketing mix concept. The
description of each place as follows:
Nakamise Dori (Asakusa)
Nakamise Dori is a
good place to buy
souvenirs in Tokyo.
It is a 250 meter
(800 foot) shopping
street that pointing
to Sensoji Temple,
most visited and
oldest temple in

Tokyo. The street
leading
to
the
temple is lined with
around
Japanese
street food and 90
souvenir shops. The
tourist market has
been in front of this
temple for around
300 years.
After we have hanged around to found out what souvenirs are sold here, there was a “secret” that we got; the
goods in the front row of stores rather have a cheaper price.




I thought, it was an interesting concept about marketing. Finally we decided to buy some kind of souvenir

before leaving this location.


Tokyo Sky Tree
The Tokyo Skytree is a landmark of Tokyo and television broadcasting tower. It’s the centerpiece of the Tokyo
Sky Tree Town in Sumida City Ward, not far from Asakusa. The height is about 634 meters (634 can be read as
"Musashi", a historic name of the Tokyo Region), it’s the tallest structure in Japan and the second tallest in the
world at the time of its completion. At the base, there is a large shopping complex with aquarium.
There are two observation decks which offer spectacular views out over Tokyo in this place. The two enclosed
decks are located at heights of 450 and 350 meters respectively, become the highest observation decks in
Japan and some of the highest in the world.
Tembo Deck, the lower deck between the two decks is 350 meters high and spans three floors with stunning
views from all floors. The top floor features tall, broad windows that offer some of the best 360 degree
panoramic views of the city. The middle floor has a souvenir shop and the Musashi Sky Restaurant, which
serves French-Japanese fusion cuisine, while the lowest floor features a cafe and some glass panels on the
ground from where you can look all the way down to the base of the tower.
A second set of elevators connects the Tembo Deck to the 450 meter high Tembo Gallery. Dubbed "the world's
highest skywalk", the Tembo Gallery consists of a sloping spiral ramp that gains height as it circles the tower.
The construction of the steel and glass tube allows visitors to look down from the dizzying height of the tower
and out over the Kanto Region to spectacular distances.

At the top of the spiral ramp is a more conventional observation
deck floor with lounging areas and tall windows from which to
look out over Tokyo. This floor is officially located at 451.2 meters
and constitutes the highest point of the observation decks.
A visit to the Tokyo Skytree starts on the 4th floor where the
tickets for the first observation deck (but not for the second deck)
are sold. A fast and smooth elevator ride takes visitors to the top
floor of the first observation deck where tickets for the second
observation deck can be purchased. Visitors then access the second deck before descending back to the lower
floors of the first observatory where they board the elevator down to the tower's exit on the 5th floor.




Here, we also can get some souvenirs and merchandises from Tokyo Sky Tree We can find the store right
before exit door. The products are so impressive, it is identical of this place. Many visitors buy the
merchandises because of this reason.
Ameyoko (Ueno)
Ameyoko is a busy market street along the Yamanote Line tracks between Okachimachi and Ueno Stations. The
name "Ameyoko" is a short form for "Ameya Yokocho" (candy store alley), as candies were traditionally sold

there. Alternatively, "Ame" also stands for "America", because a lot of American products used to be available
there when the street was the site of a black market in the years following World War Two. Today, various
products such as clothes, bags, cosmetics, fresh fish, dried food and spices are sold along Ameyoko. Opening
hours and closing days depend on individual stores, but stores typically open around 10:00 and close around
20:00. Many stores remain closed on selected Wednesdays.
From this place, we witnessed the persistence of
the Japanese spirit in offering their products, such
as: ranging from endless shouting, climbing onto
the seats for attention, and also try to use the local
language of the visitors. It is kind of amazing
promotion, tireless spirit of Japan people.
Here, I got a special thing, a toy specifically an
airsoft gun. I've been looking for this toy around
place before. Surprisingly, I got this stuff here. It
made me wanna go back to hotel as soon as
possible. Indeed, I wanna try this gun immediately.
Ginza
The Ginza is Tokyo's most famous upmarket shopping, dining and entertainment district, featuring numerous
department stores, boutiques, art galleries, restaurants, night clubs and cafes. One square meter of land in the
district's center is worth over ten million yen, making it one of the most expensive real estate in Japan. It is

where you can find the infamous $10 cups of coffee and where virtually every leading brand name in fashion
and cosmetics has a presence. From 1612 to 1800, today's Ginza district was the site of a silver coin mint (Ginza
means "silver mint" in Japanese), after which the district was eventually named. The Ginza evolved as an
upmarket shopping district following the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake.



At Ginza, we got an unique thing about Japanese marketing. This marketing
uses a technology. There is a robot that attracts visitors, where the robot is
doing marketing communication activities by greeting and offering to shop at
the store that he guarded. And interestingly again, conversations between
robots and visitors occur reciprocity like conversations between humans. This
is a proof that Japan is a country with advanced technology.

Tsukiji Fish Outer Market
Tsukiji Market is a large wholesale market for fish, fruits and vegetables in central Tokyo. It is the most famous
of over ten wholesale markets that handle the distribution of food and flowers in Tokyo. Tsukiji Market is best
known as one of the world's largest fish markets, handling over 2,000 tons of marine products per day.
Tsukiji Market is expected to close and move to a new site in Toyosu in the near future. The move was
originally scheduled for November 2016, but then delayed indefinitely by the governor. It is now expected to

happen around winter 2017/2018 at the earliest.
The sight of the many kinds of fresh seafood and the busy atmosphere of scooters, trucks, sellers and buyers
hurrying around, make Tsukiji Market a major tourist attractions. In fact, the numbers of visitors have increased




so much over recent years, that they have become a problem to the course of business, as the aging market's
infrastructure was not anticipated to serve as a tourist spot.
Tsukiji Market consists of an inner market where most of the wholesale business and the famous tuna auctions
are taking place, and an outer market whose retail shops and restaurants cater to the public. A few restaurants
are also found in the inner market.
When we got there, Tsukiji
Market
was
closed.
Unfortunately we can go
inside of this market. The
officer said it would be
opened at night. But, I got a

special food from this place,
at other areas of the
market. I bought this food
as a gift for my beloved
daughter and wife. I know this food from my childhood. This food is
a kind of cake. This food is DORAYAKI. Doraemon’s favorite food.


Odaiba
Odaiba is a popular shopping and entertainment district on a man made island in Tokyo Bay. It originated as a
set of small man made fort islands (daiba literally means "fort"), which were built towards the end of the Edo
Period (1603-1868)
to protect Tokyo
against
possible
attacks from the sea
and specifically in
response to the
gunboat diplomacy
of Commodore Perry.

More than a century
later, the small islands
were joined into
larger islands by
massive
landfills,
and Tokyo began a
spectacular
development project
aimed to turn the
islands into a futuristic
residential
and
business
district
during
the
extravagant 1980s.
But development
was critically slowed
after the burst of
the "bubble economy"
in the early 1990s,
leaving Odaiba nearly
vacant. It was not
until the second half
of the 1990s, when
several
hotels,
shopping malls and
the
Yurikamome
elevated train line were opened, that Odaiba developed into one of Tokyo's most popular tourist attractions
and date spots with a wide selection of shopping, dining and leisure options.
After returning from visiting Odaiba (Aqua City), before boarding the bus, my friends bought some roasted
sweet potato from a salesman with a car on the road side. Interesting thing that we met, the sweet potato
salesman could say a few words in Indonesian language, and also make some promotionals writing in his car by
using the Indonesian language. Perhaps this is a sign that how Odaiba becomes a tourist destination which is
always visited by tourists from Indonesia.







Takushoku University
Takushoku University is an international university with a
rich history and tradition that was established in 1900 with
a pledge to cultivate global individuals capable of
contributing to Asia and the world. Many of our 130,000
graduates are active overseas. Of those seeking to study
abroad, 80 percent or more are able to fulfill that dream,
and the university offers courses in fourteen foreign
languages. There are approximately a thousand foreign
students attending the university.
My friends and I, attended a joint seminar at Takushoku
University. At Takushoku University Campus we were
accepted by Professor Yoshino and together with our
Indonesian colleagues gathered in a futuristic lecture hall.
The classrooms we use are designed to accommodate up
to 150 students and have a good audio layout. Multimedia teaching facilities are accessible only to lecturers
with a special identity card.
At Takushoku Campus we were impressed with the arrangement and architecture of the building, which
although very efficient in typical Japanese, yet still provide a comfortable atmosphere. Besides a form of
appreciation for diversity, there is a special space provided for prayer for the academic community who are
Muslims.
Harajuku (Takeshita Dori)
Harajuku refers to the area around Tokyo's Harajuku
Station, which is between Shinjuku and Shibuya on the
Yamanote Line. It is the center of Japan's most extreme
teenage cultures and fashion styles, but also offers
shopping for adults and some historic sights. The focal
point of Harajuku's teenage culture is Takeshita Dori
(Takeshita Street) and its side streets, which are lined by
many trendy shops, fashion boutiques, used clothes
stores, crepe stands and fast food outlets geared towards
the fashion and trend conscious teens.
Here, we do not have much time to see the whole area,
so we just focus to Daiso shop to buy additional gifts,
because the price of the goods is fantastic fantastic cheap.
Akihabara
Akihabara, also called Akiba after a former local shrine, is a district in central Tokyo that is famous for its many
electronics shops. In more recent years, Akihabara has gained recognition as the center of Japan's otaku
(diehard fan) culture, and many shops and establishments devoted to anime and manga are now dispersed
among the electronic stores in the district.
Hundreds of electronics shops, ranging from tiny one-man stalls specializing in a particular electronic
component to large electronics retailers, line the main Chuo Dori street and the crowded side streets around
Akihabara. They offer everything from the newest computers, cameras, televisions, mobile phones, electronics
parts and home appliances to second-hand goods and electronic junk.
Note that some of the electronics on sale are only intended for use in Japan due to voltage and other technical
differences, Japanese language documentation and limited warranties. However, several stores also feature a
selection of international models intended for overseas use, and most also offer tax free shopping to foreign
tourists.




The character of Akihabara has
constantly changed over the
decades and continues to do
so. In the last decade
Akihabara has emerged as a
center of Japanese otaku and
anime culture, and dozens of
stores specializing in anime,
manga, retro video games,
figurines, card games and
other collectibles have filled
the spaces between the
electronics retailers.

Shisui Premium Outlet
Shisui Premium Outlet is a popular shopping located 50 minutes from Tokyo station by nonstop bus, and 15
minutes by a nonstop bus from the entrance-way to Japan, Narita Airport. Shisui Premium Outlet is popular
among people both from Japan and
abroad, but there many reasons for it
being especially loved by visitors from
outside of Japan. At designated shops,
purchases over 5001 yen for food products
and cosmetics, and over 10,000 for other
shops (per 1 store) are tax-free, so visitors
from abroad will be able to enjoy an even
better deal than the original outlet price.
There are 180 shops at Shisui Premium
Outlet. There are cafes and spots for
dessert to rest between shopping, as well
as restaurants and a food court.

B. Cultural Analysis
We go to Japan using Japan Airlines (JAL). We landed at Narita airport, at 7:00 local time. When we
arrived at Japan, we began to see that there are many good Japanese cultures that are worth imitating. The
first thing about Japanese culture that interest on me, Japanese discipline. When we got on immigration
services at the airport. Queues are strictly regulated and disciplined, no one is allowed to cross the queue, and
the number of queues in each path is no more than 5 queues. After the immigration and customs services, the
officer immediately asked us to go to the waiting room that has been provided in the waiting area of arrival,
not allowed us to stand in any place. It is a very simple thing, but it has surprised us, how Japanese do their job.
Before we left the airport, we met the local guide, he was Mr. Deden, a funny and impressive guy. He
always reminded us to be right on schedule. He also emphasized, the bus had an accurate operating schedule
and every minute of delay will be very influential on the schedule that has been set. The tour members will left
behind if they didn’t obey the schedule. A simple thing about timeliness. Japan people always appreciate the
time.
During the highway, I saw how the Japanese are very happy to walk, I
think it has already become their habit early on. Saw the students or
employees who ran by the side of the road became a common sight. In
addition to pedestrians, there are also some people who use the bicycle,
with the usual type, it does not seem that it is a bike with an expensive
price. Very difficult to find someone who ride the motorcycle, in fact
they can buy it easily, because they made it. I take another cultural




lesson that Japanese only focus on substance, they do not care about additional things that do not affect the
goal.
The habit of walking, cycling and using public transportation makes the roads so neat without traffic
jams. When rush hour arrives, the number of pedestrians is so large and very crowded, the tour guide made
the term "black ants march", but it is still very regular. This condition is possible due to the discipline of
Japanese people and of course supported by good infrastructure.
Speaking of infrastructure, I am very impressed with the sidewalks in this Country. How spacious and
organized so that pedestrians are very comfortable to be there. In addition, the environment around the road
is also very clean. I rarely find garbage scattered on the side of the road in Tokyo City.
My friends and I, also have interesting experience about the
infrastructure of public transportation. At night, we tried to catch the train at
Shinagawa Station. Inside the station we found an easy and practical riding
procedure, although this was our first experience. I learnt another culture, that
Japanese people can easily comply with existing regulations, we saw that the
entrance to the railway is not directly guarded by officers, all using
computerization and still possible to be broken, but they obey the rule of system.
Officers are only far away and give directions when anyone needs some help, and
the anyone is my friends and i.

C.


COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS
SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION PLANT
Background
The 23 Cities and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government had discussed for many years their respective
roles and institutional frameworks from viewpoints such as stronger autonomy of the 23 Cities and the
promotion of mega-city administration by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government on an extensive scale. One
result of these discussions was that, on April 1, 2000, the duties of municipal waste management were
transferred to the 23 Cities. At that time, it was decided that each of the 23 Cities would independently manage
its own waste collection and transfer, while management of intermediate treatment (incineration,
pulverization, etc.) was determined to be handled jointly. This was due to the presence of some cities that had
no incineration plant within their cities, and for the purpose of optimizing treatment efficiency. The Clean
Authority of Tokyo is a special purpose municipal body established by the consensus of the 23 Cities, based on
the Local Autonomy Act, in order to deal with this joint waste management. 23 Cities and the Clean Authority
of Tokyo have consigned the landfill disposal operations to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which has
established and manages landfill disposal sites.





Plant Overview
Site Area
Incineration
Construction cost
Completed
Building scale
Building site
Total floor area
Stack
Inner cylinder
Height

61,000 m2
1,800 tonase/day
88 billion yen approximately
September 1998
Reinforced concrete (partially iron framed); Nine stories above
(partially one under) the ground
28,000 m2 approximately
77,000 m2 approximately
Outer cylinder ; reinforced concrete made
Stainless steel sheet made
150 m









Budget
Initial budget for FY 2016: ¥ 69.256 Billion (USD 692.56 Million)
Component

Descriptions


Amount paid by each of the 23 cities for
operational expenses of incineration
plants, etc.
Fees, Power sales, etc
Disposal fees paid by businesses and
proceeds from sales of generated
electricity, etc
Bond issuance,
Loans and subsidies received for
subdidies, etc
reconstruction of incineration plants
Carry over
Carryover from reserve fund
Others
-


Expenditures

Waste management
Maintenance costs required for regular
costs
inspections of incineration plants, utility
costs, purchasing costs of chemicals to
protect the environment, labor costs, etc.
Plant maintenance costs Cost for reconstructions of incineration
plants, etc.
Costs for general affairs, Management expenses for the main
assemblies, etc.
office, labor costs of the main office,
operational expenses for assemblies, etc.
Public loans
Repayment of loans
Revenue
Allotment





Yen (in
billion)
69.256
31.450

USD (in
million)
692.56
314.50

%

45,4%

25.323

253.23

36.6%

10.289

102.89

14.9%

1.866
0.328

69.256
46.601

18.66
2.7%
3.28
0.4%


692.56

466.01 67.3%

14.031

140.31 20.3%

5.027

50.27

7.2%

3.597

35.97

5.2%


Waste Management
Waste management in 23 cities in Tokyo includes collect and transfer waste described as follows:
(1) Collection
Each city sets collection days and areas depending on the type of waste, and conducts efficient
operations drafting operation plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in waste
amount. Waste processing in the 23 Cities is free of charge for household waste (excluding the
disposal of waste exceeding 10 kg per day), while large-sized waste and business-generated waste are
charged.









(2) Transfer
To ensure efficient transfer, transfer methods are determined based on the types of waste
(combustible, incombustible or large-sized).
Combustible-waste
Combustible waste is loaded onto collection vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle) on collection
sites, from which it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.
Incombustible-waste
Incombustible waste is transferred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center or the
Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center. Since both are located on the waterfront,
some cities have established land or boat transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto container
vehicles or vessels for relayed transfer. Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer
efficiency, reduced traffic congestion alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
Large-sized waste
Large-sized waste is delivered to the Large-Sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. Cities that
have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it from smaller collection vehicles onto
larger vehicles. Such relayed transfer contributes to improve transfer efficiency, reduced traffic
congestion and alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
Intermediate Treatment
(1) Processing Combustible Waste
Combustible waste is incinerated at 19 incineration plants in a safe, stable, and efficient manner.
Incineration prevents bacteria, vermin, and foul odor, and maintains a sanitary environment. By




incinerating waste, its volume is reduced to approximately one-twentieth. By recycling a part of
bottom ash into cement materials, and by melting it into slag, the amount going to the landfill is
further reduced. Emissions of hazardous substances within exhaust and wastewater from the
incineration plants is controlled and reduced to lower impact on the environment. In an incineration
plant, power generation and heat supply are performed using the heat energy of waste incineration.
(2) Improper Waste Disposal May Cause a Halt or Failure of Incinerators
Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration,
such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such
improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great deal of money and time
before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste collection and
transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management in all 23 cities. Every
year some incineration plants are forced to stop operation due to improper waste. To prevent carry-in
of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste is
reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the
above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall
regular inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants, in collaboration with
the 23 cities.
(3) Bottom Ash is Recycled as Cement Materials
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated. Bottom ash after
removing ash to be melted into slag, as well as fly ash after processed with chemicals, are sent to
landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been established and is managed by
the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites
in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has been undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement
materials, for the purpose of reducing the amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use
of resources. Through this project in 2015, 5000 tons of bottom ash was used as cement materials. In
the initiatives for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is generated in
incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains, and efficiently
used as Portland cement materials. Cement materials include limestone, clay, silica, iron materials,
and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a substitute for clay.
(4) Bottom Ash is Melted Into Slag
When bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1.200 ˚C (2,192 ˚F) and then rapidly cooled,
it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash, and approximately one-fortieth
of is original state as waste. The process of making slag decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps
heavy metals inside, thereby making it safe and efficient for use as construction material, etc.
(5) Environmental Measures to Prevent Exhaust and Wastewater Emissions
Measure
Measures
to Soot and dust
counter exhaust Dioxins
emissions

Overview
Removed by bag filters
Generation of dioxins is restricted trough control of
waste incineration process, and their re-composition
in prevented by repaid cooling of exhaust in the
cooling tower. Dioxins are also removed by bag
filters, and decomposed in the catalyst reaction
tower using catalyst.
Mercury
Removed by adsorption into activated carbo in bag
filters and by liquid chelate in the gas scrubber.
Hydrogen chlorides Removed by injecting slaked time into bag filters,
and sulfur oxides
and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda
solution in the gas scrubber.
Nitrogen oxides
Decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower through
a reaction with ammonia.




wastewater Wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment
facilities to meet the standard value, and released
into the sewer.
Measures
to Waste bunkers
Air form inside the waste bunker is sent to the
counter odor
incinerator, where odor is incinerated and
decomposed.
Platforms
Entrances/exits are sealed with air curtains, and
deodorizing agents are spread.
Waste
collection A washing facilities for collection vehicles is installed.
vehicles
Measures to counter noise and vibration Care is taken for the layout of machinery.
Soundproof walls and vibration-control equipment
are installed.
Environmental measures for bottom ash Ash is melted and hazardous substances are
and fly ash
stabilized using chemicals.
Measures
emissions

to

counter


(6) Putting The Heat Energy Generated from Incineration to Beneficial Use
Incineration plants use the heat energy generated from waste incineration beneficially in power
generation and in supplying energy. Electricity and hot water produced at plants are used within
facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing electricity purchase and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is
sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and four plants sell heat as hot water to
other facilities.
(7) Processing Incombustible Waste and Large-Sized Waste
Incombustible waste is pulverized before sent to landfill disposal
Incombustible waste is process at two incombustible waste processing centers. The process is divided
into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is pulverization to reduce its volume, so that
an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustibles also contain recyclable resources,
such as ferrous metals aluminum, which are separated and collected.
Large-sized waste treatment process differs by property of waste
Large-sized waste is separated into combustible large-sized waste, such as wooden furniture, and into
incombustible large-sized waste, such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at largesize waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the large-sized waste pulverization
process facility. Combustible residue after pulverization is incinerated at the incineration plant, while
incombustible residue is sent to landfill disposal sites.
Landfill Disposal Sites
At the Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal Site, established
and managed by The Tokyo Metropolitan Government, residue after treating general waste in the 23 Cities,
waste from municipal facilities such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium sized
companies in Tokyo are put to landfill disposal.
Combustible waste and combustible part of large sized waste after pulverization are incinerated. A
part of the bottom ash is recycled into cement materials or melted into slag, while the remainder of bottom
ash and chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill.
Incombustible waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered as resources, before the
incombustible residue is buried into landfill. Large-sized waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered
are recovered as resources, before the incombustible residue is buried into landfill.




In addition to waste, materials from dredging the sea and rivers as well as fill generated by
construction (dirt and sand) are buried in landfills, but are placed separately from waste because their
treatment method differs.
Methods of Landfill Disposal
On a landfill disposal site, furrows are made with waste. When a furrow reaches the height of approx.
3 meters, it is covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Subsequently, waste is buried in the
resulting ridge. When the ridge is filled, it is also covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Landfill
disposal is performed by repeating these steps (sandwich pattern).
The soil covering prevents the scattering of waste, spread of odor, vermin, and fire. Bottom ash is
disposed of using a framing method, where a trench is created into which ash is dumped, so that it will
not be dispersed by wind.
Structure of Landfill Disposal Sites
Landfill disposal sites are categorized into three types, depending on the level of impact the filled
waste presents, namely, inert waste disposal sites, controlled disposal sites and strictly controlled
disposal sites. The Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and the eastern area of New Sea
Surface Disposal Site are strictly controlled disposal sites that accept general waste and industrial
waste.
These sites are equipped with banks consisting of double steel tubing sheet piles to prevent leachate
water from seeping out of the landfill disposal sites and contaminating groundwater or public waters.
Leachate is processed in the water collecting equipment, the leachate treatment plants, and other
facilities.
Opinion and Recommendation
Japan is one of the leading Countries in the world to be a pilot in waste management. This company
visit becomes a program that provides a very valuable experience. This program gives the opportunity to me to
find out more about waste management facilities in Tokyo, namely Shin-Koto Incineration Plant. This is one of
the largest incineration plant in Japan. It incinerates 1,800 tons of garbage a day and has an important role in
waste management processes conducted in 23 cities in Tokyo.
The results of this company visit gives insight to me that all the process of operations, including insert
garbage into the incinerator, controlled by computer, only a few of the needed human resources in order to
make more efficiency the cost of operation. The system is controlled by the computer can reduce the level of
error that may occur when done by human beings, which is an error in this process can have a major impact for
the plant and its surroundings. With a computer system that is used can reduce operational errors in the form
of accidents which may occur, such as explosions and toxic chemicals. In addition, it ensured that existing air
pollution during the incineration process was controlled very well according with the standard rules through
using high technology. However, the most impressive thing for me from this plant is electricity used at this
place comes from the waste management process itself and most of the others used for public facilities, such
as Tatsumi International Swimming Pool Tokyo.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant has been conducting waste
management through the use of sophisticated technology. In my
opinion, it is not difficult to learn, replicated and applied in Indonesia.
However, for the application of a similar thing in Indonesia has the
biggest challenge in the form of the mindset of the people. Japan can
continue to make improvements in waste management not only
technology but also by improving the mindset and habits of the
people. Japan has clear rules in the sorting of the garbage and the
people obey all rules.
There are many lessons that I got from this company visit. This program provides a lot of new
knowledge about waste management very well. Although the location of Shin-Koto Incineration Plant there in




the center of the city, but not to be bad for the community and environment around. On the contrary, many of
the benefits gained by the society from the waste management process.
This visit convinced me that the idea of waste management as did Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, is very
likely to be applied in the major cities of Indonesia. Our Government can implement similar technologies to
solve the problem of garbage that has long been happened. I think our government should have a comparative
study to the Japan government and start to build this kind of waste management technology. There are some
recommendations that could be immediately undertaken for our Government, namely:
1.
2.

3.

4.





The Government should give the allocation of sufficient funds to build the infrastructure of the
incineration plant;
The Government should send some human resources to learn directly about the process of waste
management in Japan, and they will become professional personnel that focus to develop the
system in Indonesia;
The Government has to strengthen the rules about the disposal and sorting of garbage,
personnel of government should give a good example and should enforce the law decisively
when there are communities that do not obey the rules.
The Government should work together with various parties, to make the waste management
program to be sustainable.





REFERENCES
https://matcha-jp.com/en
http://mm.fe.unpad.ac.id/
https://www.export.gov/article?series=a0pt0000000PAu7AAG&type=Country_Commercial__kav
https://www.infojepang.net/item/kuil-sensoji-di-asakusa/
http://www.japan-guide.com/
http://www.japan-talk.com/
http://www.takushoku-u.ac.jp/
Kotler, Philip. 2002. Menejemen Pemasaran jilid I edisi milenium, Publisher PT. Prenhallindo, Jakarta.