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AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN “THE EXPENDABLES” MOVIE SCRIPT
BY DAVID CALLAHAM AND SYLVESTER STALLONE
By:
FENNY AGUSTINA
2007-32-228
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2013
i
ii
AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN “THE EXPENDABLES” MOVIE SCRIPT
BY DAVID CALLAHAM AND SYLVESTER STALLONE
SKRIPSI
Presented to the Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements For Completing the Sarjana
Program In The Departement of English Education
By:
FENNY AGUSTINA
2007-32-228
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2013
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Do the best to get the best
Make happy and give advantages to others
Don’t see who is saying, but see what is said
Don’t say cann’t, say can and try
DEDICATION
This skripsi is dedicate to:
Allah SWT the Almighty
My beloved father (Gustono), my
beloved mother (Sri Mulyani)
My beloved brothers (Candra and
Dino), and my beloved sister (Desy)
My love (Abdul Aziz)
All my beloved best friends in my
life
iv
v
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah. Praise to Allah, Lord of the world. I would like to express
my gratitude to Allah that has speeded me in accomplishing my thesis entitled
“An Analysis of Deixis in “The Expendables” Movie Script by David Callaham
and Sylvester Stallone” and to my mother and father who have been great parents.
This skripsi is submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of “Sarjana Pendidikan” in English Department of the Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
Besides, this skripsi is accomplished with the great help of others. Therefore, on
this occasion, I also would like to express my deepest thank to:
1. Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty.
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S, M.Pd as the head of Department of English
Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muria
Kudus.
3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd as the first advisor who always gives
guidance, advice and idea to the writer.
4. Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd as the second advisor who was giving invaluable
guidance, showing the appropriate references, and helping her in all of the
difficulties. Moreover, for his kindness and helpfulness corrections to this
final project until its completion.
vii
5. The writer’s family, Mother, Father, her brother; Dwi Septian Candra and
Dino Try Juliyanto, her sisters; Desy Rochmawati, for their loves, it will
never be able to repay. Their prayer is everything for her.
6. Her lovely Abdul Aziz, who always gives me pray and support.
7. Her friend, Musyarofah, Desy and Cicik who always gives help and
motivation.
8. All of her friends in University of Muria Kudus, who cannot say one by
one.
9. Everyone that cannot be mentioned one by one, for their support, help, and
participation because without all of them this final project could not have
been completed.
The last, there is nothing perfect in the world and this Skripsi is not an
exception. The writer realizes that there are many weaknesses. Therefore,
suggestions and criticisms are always needed for betterment. The writer hopes this
Skripsi will be useful for all the readers both of English teacher or English
students.
Kudus, March 2013
The writer
Fenny Agustina
viii
ABSTRACT
Agustina, Fenny. 2013. An Analysis of Deixis in “The Expendables” Movie Script
by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone. Skripsi. English Education
Department of Teaching Training and Education Faculty, Muria
Kudus University. Advisors: (1) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd
(2)Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
Key Words: Deixis, movie script
People as a human being are inspirable from making errors. They can
make errors in different ways, for example in making perception. This research is
based on deixis in “The Expendables” movie script, sometime we get difficulties
in comprehending the works or facing misunderstanding in interpreting the
messages as like in “The Expendables” movie script. The theory of deixis is
chosen because deixis is used to point thing in order to make clear what a writer
means. The writer chooses “The Expendables” movie script to be analyzed
because the researcher assumed that in “The Expendables” movie script there are
types of deixis which can be analyzed. So in this research, the writer carries out
the research entitled “An Analysis of Deixis in “The Expendables” Movie Script
by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone”.
This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design in which the
data is the types of deixis found in “The Expendables” movie script. The data
source are taken from “The Expandables” movie script, because the data sources
are written data based on the spoken by Barney Ross and Lee Christmas.
The finding of this research are the three types of the person deixis,
namely the first person deixis, the second person deixis and the third person deixis
are mostly used in “The Expendables” movie script. The time deixis often appears
in “The Expendables” movie script to show the participants in the speech event.
Meanwhile, the place deixis also often appears in “The Expendables” movie script
to explain the location at the points of utterance. Then, discourse deixis and social
deixis also appears in “The Expendables” movie script.
The result of the research shows that there are five types of deixis in “The
Expendables” Movie Script by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone, they are
person, place, time, discourse and social deixis, with the calculate (50) person
deixis, (6) place deixis, (5) time deixis, (13) discourse deixis and (6) social deixis.
Based on the conclusion, the writer hopes that deixis in “The
Expendables” movie script can be used as the material in teaching learning
process.
ix
ABSTRAKSI
Agustina, Fenny. 2013. Analisis Deixis di Naskah Film “The Expendables” yang
ditulis oleh David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone. Skripsi. Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Dosen Pembimbing: (1) Agung Dwi
Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd (2)Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
Kata kunci: Deixis, naskah film
Masyarakat sebagai manusia tidak dapat dipisahkan dari membuat
kesalahan. Mereka dapat memebuat kesalahan bermacam-macam, sebagai contoh
dalam membuat persepsi. Skripsi ini didasarkan pada deixis di naskah film “The
Expendables”. Dalam membaca naskah film, kadang-kadang kita memperoleh
berbagai pengertian yang sulit dimengerti atau ketidakfahaman dalam
menginterprestasikan pesan-pesan seperti di naskah film “The Expendables”.
Teori deixis dipilih karena deixis digunakan untuk menjelaskan yang penulis
maksudkan. Penulis memilih di naskah film “The Expendables” untuk dianalisis
karena peneliti menganggap di naskah film “The Expendables” ada beberapa jenis
deixis yang dapat dianalisis.Jadi dalam penelitian ini, penulis memilih penelitian
yang berjudul “ Analisis Deixis di Naskah Film “The Expendables” yang ditulis
oleh David Callaham and Sylvester Stallon”.
Skripsi ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang datanya
adalah jenis deixis yang ditemukan di naskah film “The Expendables”. Sumber
datanya diambil dari naskah film “The Expendables”, karena data yang
dikumpulkan adalah data tertulis yang berupa ucapan yang diucapkan oleh Barney
Ross and Lee Christmas.
Penelitian ini menemukan tiga tipe deixis persona, yaitu deixis orang
pertama, deixis orang kedua, dan deixis orang kedua ketiga yang kebanyakan
digunakan di naskah film “The Expendables”. Deixis waktu sering kelihatan
naskah film “The Expendables” menunjukan pengikut dalam peristiwa ucapan.
Sementara itu, deixis tempat juga sering terlihat di naskah film “The
Expendables” yang menjelaskan lokasi di titik ucapan. Kemudian, deixis wacana
dan deixis sosial juga terlihat di naskah film “The Expendables”.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan ada lima tipe deixis yang terdapat
dalam naskah film “The Expendables” oleh David Callaham and Sylvester
Stallone, yaitu deixis orang, deixis tempat, deixis waktu, deixis wacana dan deixis
sosial, dengan perhitungan (50) deixis orang, (6) deixis tempat, (5) deixis waktu,
(13) deixis wacana and (6) deixis sosial.
Berdasarkan kesimpulan, penulis berharap bahwa deixis di naskah film
“The Expendables” dapat digunakan sebagai bahan proses belajar mengajar.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER .......................................................................................................
LOGO ..........................................................................................................
TITLE .........................................................................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ..................................................................
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ........................................................................
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL .....................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................
ABSTRAKSI ...............................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
ix
x
xi
xiv
xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ..................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................
3
1.3 Objective of the Research ......................................................................
4
1.4 Significance of the Research ..................................................................
4
1.5 Limitation of the Research .....................................................................
5
1.5 Operational Definition ...........................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Language .................................................................................................
7
2.2 Pragmatics ..............................................................................................
7
2.3 Deixis .....................................................................................................
10
2.4 Types of Deixis ......................................................................................
10
2.4.1 Person Deixis ...............................................................................
11
xi
2.4.2 Place Deixis .................................................................................
11
2.4.3 Time Deixis ..................................................................................
12
2.4.4 Discourse Deixis ..........................................................................
13
2.4.5 Social Deixis .................................................................................
14
2.5 The Movie Script of The Expendables by David Callaham and
Sylvester Stallone ..................................................................................
15
2.6 Biography of David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone ...........................
16
2.7 Review of Previous Research .................................................................
17
2.8 Theoritical Framework ...........................................................................
18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Desaign of the Research .........................................................................
19
3.2 Data and Data Source .............................................................................
20
3.3 Data Collection .......................................................................................
20
3.4 Data Analysis ..........................................................................................
21
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 The Type of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie Script...............
23
4.2 The Reference of Deixis Used in The Expendables Movie Script .........
32
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The Types of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie Script in Two
xii
Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas .........................................
36
5.2 The References of Deixis in The Expendables Movie Script in Two
Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas .........................................
42
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
6.1 Conclusions .............................................................................................
65
6.2 Suggestion ...............................................................................................
66
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................
67
APPENDICES ............................................................................................
70
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................ 134
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
3.1 The Example Types of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie
Script in Two Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas ..................
Page
21
3.2 The Example References of Deixis in The Expendables Movie Script
in Two Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas .............................
22
4.1 The Type of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie Script...............
23
4.2 The Reference of Deixis Used in The Expendables Movie Script .........
32
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
1. The Expendables Movie Script ................................................................
70
2. Statement Sheet ........................................................................................ 133
3 .Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................... 134
xv
BY DAVID CALLAHAM AND SYLVESTER STALLONE
By:
FENNY AGUSTINA
2007-32-228
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2013
i
ii
AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN “THE EXPENDABLES” MOVIE SCRIPT
BY DAVID CALLAHAM AND SYLVESTER STALLONE
SKRIPSI
Presented to the Muria Kudus University
In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements For Completing the Sarjana
Program In The Departement of English Education
By:
FENNY AGUSTINA
2007-32-228
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2013
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Do the best to get the best
Make happy and give advantages to others
Don’t see who is saying, but see what is said
Don’t say cann’t, say can and try
DEDICATION
This skripsi is dedicate to:
Allah SWT the Almighty
My beloved father (Gustono), my
beloved mother (Sri Mulyani)
My beloved brothers (Candra and
Dino), and my beloved sister (Desy)
My love (Abdul Aziz)
All my beloved best friends in my
life
iv
v
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah. Praise to Allah, Lord of the world. I would like to express
my gratitude to Allah that has speeded me in accomplishing my thesis entitled
“An Analysis of Deixis in “The Expendables” Movie Script by David Callaham
and Sylvester Stallone” and to my mother and father who have been great parents.
This skripsi is submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of “Sarjana Pendidikan” in English Department of the Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
Besides, this skripsi is accomplished with the great help of others. Therefore, on
this occasion, I also would like to express my deepest thank to:
1. Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty.
2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S, M.Pd as the head of Department of English
Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muria
Kudus.
3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd as the first advisor who always gives
guidance, advice and idea to the writer.
4. Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd as the second advisor who was giving invaluable
guidance, showing the appropriate references, and helping her in all of the
difficulties. Moreover, for his kindness and helpfulness corrections to this
final project until its completion.
vii
5. The writer’s family, Mother, Father, her brother; Dwi Septian Candra and
Dino Try Juliyanto, her sisters; Desy Rochmawati, for their loves, it will
never be able to repay. Their prayer is everything for her.
6. Her lovely Abdul Aziz, who always gives me pray and support.
7. Her friend, Musyarofah, Desy and Cicik who always gives help and
motivation.
8. All of her friends in University of Muria Kudus, who cannot say one by
one.
9. Everyone that cannot be mentioned one by one, for their support, help, and
participation because without all of them this final project could not have
been completed.
The last, there is nothing perfect in the world and this Skripsi is not an
exception. The writer realizes that there are many weaknesses. Therefore,
suggestions and criticisms are always needed for betterment. The writer hopes this
Skripsi will be useful for all the readers both of English teacher or English
students.
Kudus, March 2013
The writer
Fenny Agustina
viii
ABSTRACT
Agustina, Fenny. 2013. An Analysis of Deixis in “The Expendables” Movie Script
by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone. Skripsi. English Education
Department of Teaching Training and Education Faculty, Muria
Kudus University. Advisors: (1) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd
(2)Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
Key Words: Deixis, movie script
People as a human being are inspirable from making errors. They can
make errors in different ways, for example in making perception. This research is
based on deixis in “The Expendables” movie script, sometime we get difficulties
in comprehending the works or facing misunderstanding in interpreting the
messages as like in “The Expendables” movie script. The theory of deixis is
chosen because deixis is used to point thing in order to make clear what a writer
means. The writer chooses “The Expendables” movie script to be analyzed
because the researcher assumed that in “The Expendables” movie script there are
types of deixis which can be analyzed. So in this research, the writer carries out
the research entitled “An Analysis of Deixis in “The Expendables” Movie Script
by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone”.
This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design in which the
data is the types of deixis found in “The Expendables” movie script. The data
source are taken from “The Expandables” movie script, because the data sources
are written data based on the spoken by Barney Ross and Lee Christmas.
The finding of this research are the three types of the person deixis,
namely the first person deixis, the second person deixis and the third person deixis
are mostly used in “The Expendables” movie script. The time deixis often appears
in “The Expendables” movie script to show the participants in the speech event.
Meanwhile, the place deixis also often appears in “The Expendables” movie script
to explain the location at the points of utterance. Then, discourse deixis and social
deixis also appears in “The Expendables” movie script.
The result of the research shows that there are five types of deixis in “The
Expendables” Movie Script by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone, they are
person, place, time, discourse and social deixis, with the calculate (50) person
deixis, (6) place deixis, (5) time deixis, (13) discourse deixis and (6) social deixis.
Based on the conclusion, the writer hopes that deixis in “The
Expendables” movie script can be used as the material in teaching learning
process.
ix
ABSTRAKSI
Agustina, Fenny. 2013. Analisis Deixis di Naskah Film “The Expendables” yang
ditulis oleh David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone. Skripsi. Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Dosen Pembimbing: (1) Agung Dwi
Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd (2)Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd.
Kata kunci: Deixis, naskah film
Masyarakat sebagai manusia tidak dapat dipisahkan dari membuat
kesalahan. Mereka dapat memebuat kesalahan bermacam-macam, sebagai contoh
dalam membuat persepsi. Skripsi ini didasarkan pada deixis di naskah film “The
Expendables”. Dalam membaca naskah film, kadang-kadang kita memperoleh
berbagai pengertian yang sulit dimengerti atau ketidakfahaman dalam
menginterprestasikan pesan-pesan seperti di naskah film “The Expendables”.
Teori deixis dipilih karena deixis digunakan untuk menjelaskan yang penulis
maksudkan. Penulis memilih di naskah film “The Expendables” untuk dianalisis
karena peneliti menganggap di naskah film “The Expendables” ada beberapa jenis
deixis yang dapat dianalisis.Jadi dalam penelitian ini, penulis memilih penelitian
yang berjudul “ Analisis Deixis di Naskah Film “The Expendables” yang ditulis
oleh David Callaham and Sylvester Stallon”.
Skripsi ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang datanya
adalah jenis deixis yang ditemukan di naskah film “The Expendables”. Sumber
datanya diambil dari naskah film “The Expendables”, karena data yang
dikumpulkan adalah data tertulis yang berupa ucapan yang diucapkan oleh Barney
Ross and Lee Christmas.
Penelitian ini menemukan tiga tipe deixis persona, yaitu deixis orang
pertama, deixis orang kedua, dan deixis orang kedua ketiga yang kebanyakan
digunakan di naskah film “The Expendables”. Deixis waktu sering kelihatan
naskah film “The Expendables” menunjukan pengikut dalam peristiwa ucapan.
Sementara itu, deixis tempat juga sering terlihat di naskah film “The
Expendables” yang menjelaskan lokasi di titik ucapan. Kemudian, deixis wacana
dan deixis sosial juga terlihat di naskah film “The Expendables”.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan ada lima tipe deixis yang terdapat
dalam naskah film “The Expendables” oleh David Callaham and Sylvester
Stallone, yaitu deixis orang, deixis tempat, deixis waktu, deixis wacana dan deixis
sosial, dengan perhitungan (50) deixis orang, (6) deixis tempat, (5) deixis waktu,
(13) deixis wacana and (6) deixis sosial.
Berdasarkan kesimpulan, penulis berharap bahwa deixis di naskah film
“The Expendables” dapat digunakan sebagai bahan proses belajar mengajar.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER .......................................................................................................
LOGO ..........................................................................................................
TITLE .........................................................................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ..................................................................
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ........................................................................
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL .....................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................
ABSTRAKSI ...............................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
ix
x
xi
xiv
xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research ..................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................
3
1.3 Objective of the Research ......................................................................
4
1.4 Significance of the Research ..................................................................
4
1.5 Limitation of the Research .....................................................................
5
1.5 Operational Definition ...........................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Language .................................................................................................
7
2.2 Pragmatics ..............................................................................................
7
2.3 Deixis .....................................................................................................
10
2.4 Types of Deixis ......................................................................................
10
2.4.1 Person Deixis ...............................................................................
11
xi
2.4.2 Place Deixis .................................................................................
11
2.4.3 Time Deixis ..................................................................................
12
2.4.4 Discourse Deixis ..........................................................................
13
2.4.5 Social Deixis .................................................................................
14
2.5 The Movie Script of The Expendables by David Callaham and
Sylvester Stallone ..................................................................................
15
2.6 Biography of David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone ...........................
16
2.7 Review of Previous Research .................................................................
17
2.8 Theoritical Framework ...........................................................................
18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Desaign of the Research .........................................................................
19
3.2 Data and Data Source .............................................................................
20
3.3 Data Collection .......................................................................................
20
3.4 Data Analysis ..........................................................................................
21
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 The Type of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie Script...............
23
4.2 The Reference of Deixis Used in The Expendables Movie Script .........
32
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION
5.1 The Types of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie Script in Two
xii
Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas .........................................
36
5.2 The References of Deixis in The Expendables Movie Script in Two
Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas .........................................
42
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
6.1 Conclusions .............................................................................................
65
6.2 Suggestion ...............................................................................................
66
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................
67
APPENDICES ............................................................................................
70
CURRICULUM VITAE ............................................................................ 134
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
3.1 The Example Types of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie
Script in Two Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas ..................
Page
21
3.2 The Example References of Deixis in The Expendables Movie Script
in Two Characters; Barney Ross and Lee Christmas .............................
22
4.1 The Type of Deixis Found in The Expendables Movie Script...............
23
4.2 The Reference of Deixis Used in The Expendables Movie Script .........
32
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
1. The Expendables Movie Script ................................................................
70
2. Statement Sheet ........................................................................................ 133
3 .Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................... 134
xv