T ING 1102521 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COPYRIGHT………………………………………………………………..i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………..ii
DECLARATION ........................................................................................... iii
PREFACE…………………………………………………………………...iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. vii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... x
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 1
1.2 Background of the Study............................................................... 1
1.3 Research Question ......................................................................... 3
1.4 Purpose of the Study ..................................................................... 3
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 4
1.6 Operational Definition of Important Terms .................................. 4
1.7 Organization of Thesis .................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 6
2.2 Reading Comprehension .................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Definition of Reading and Reading Comprehension ................ 6
2.2.2 Strategies for Reading Comprehension .................................... 11
2.2.3 Strategies for Teaching Reading Comprehension .................... 14
2.3 Story Grammar .................................................................................. 16
2.3.1 Definition of Story Grammar .................................................. 17
2.3.2 Procedures in Implementing Story Grammar .......................... 18
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
2.3.3 Assessment of Story Grammar ................................................ 24
2.4 Narrative Text ................................................................................... 26
2.4.1 The Characteristics of Narrative Text ...................................... 27
2.4.1.1 Social Function of Narrative Text ......................................... 27
2.4.1.2 Schematic Structure of Narrative Text .................................. 28
2.4.1.3 Language Feature of Narrative Text ..................................... 30
2.5 Previous Study of Story Grammar .................................................... 33
2.6 Conclusion of the Chapter................................................................. 35
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 36
3.2 Research site and Participants ...................................................... 36
3.3 Research Design ........................................................................... 37
3.4 Data Collection............................................................................. 38
3.4.1
Classroom Observation.................................................... 38
3.4.2
Questionnaire .................................................................. 39
3.4.3
Interview.......................................................................... 40
3.5 Data Analysis ............................................................................... 41
3.5.1 Classroom Observation ...................................................... 42
3.5.2 Questionnaire ..................................................................... 43
3.5.3 Interview............................................................................. 43
3.6 Conclusion of the Chapter ...................................................................... 44
CHAPTER IV: TEACHING PROGRAM
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 45
4.2 Phases of Study .................................................................................... 45
4.3 Preliminary Phase.................................................................................. 46
4.3.1 Inducting Teaching Program ........................................................ 46
4.3.2 Searching for Reading Material ................................................... 48
4.3.3 Arranging Lesson Plan and Student Worksheet........................... 51
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
4.4 Teaching Program ................................................................................ 52
4.4.1 Pre- Reading................................................................................ 53
4.4.2 While- Reading ........................................................................... 54
4.4.3 Post- Reading .............................................................................. 61
4.5 Post Teaching Phase ............................................................................. 65
4.6 Conclusion of the Chapter ................................................................... 66
CHAPTER V: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION OF DATA FROM
QUESTIONNAIRE AND INTERVIEW
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 68
5.2 Data from Questionnaire ........................................................................ 68
5.2.1 Students’ Responses toward Comprehension of Narrative Text.... 69
5.2.2 Students’ Responses toward Retelling the Story ........................... 73
5.2.3 Students’ Responses toward the Use of Story Grammar ............... 73
5.2.4 Summary of Discussion of Data from Questionnaire .................... 74
5.3 Data from Interview ............................................................................... 76
5.3.1 Students’ Responses toward Comprehension of Narrative Text.... 76
5.3.2 Students’ Responses toward Retelling the Story ........................... 78
5.3.3 Students’ Response toward the Use of Story Grammar ................. 80
5.3.4 Summary of Discussion of Data from Interview ........................... 81
5.4 Conclusion of the Chapter ...................................................................... 82
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 83
6.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 83
6.3 Limitation of Study ................................................................................ 84
6.4 Recommendation.................................................................................... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 87
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
APPENDICES ............................................................................................. 99
LIST OF TABLES AND CHART
Table 2.1The characteristics of narrative texts ............................ 31
Table 4.1The phases of teaching program ................................... 46
Table 4.2 Narrative texts in teaching program ............................. 50
Table 4.3 The result of students’ identifying of story parts ......... 58
Chart 4.1 The average score of reading comprehension test ....... 63
Table 4.4 Summary of the teaching program ............................... 66
Table 5.1 Students’ responses toward comprehension of
narrative texts ............................................................... 69
Table 5.2 Students’ responses toward retelling the story ............. 73
Table 5.3 Students’ responses toward the use of story grammar . 73
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Lesson plan............................................................ 100
Appendix 2: Schedule for Teaching program ............................ 103
Appendix 3: Story maps ............................................................. 107
Appendix 4: Findings from data questionnaire .......................... 116
Appendix 5: Question list for students interview ....................... 120
Appendix 6: Interview transcription .......................................... 121
Appendix 7: Reading assessment during teaching learning ....... 134
Appendix 8: Reading comprehension test.................................. 135
Appendix 9: The result of reading comprehension test ............. 147
Appendix 10: Reading materials (narrative texts) ..................... 148
Appendix 11: Comprehension spontaneous and cued retelling .. 153
Appendix 12: Assessment criteria of comprehension
spontaneous and Cued retelling ............................ 154
Appendix 13: List of cued questions ........................................... 155
Appendix 13: The result of comprehension spontaneous and
Cued retelling ...................................................... 156
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
COPYRIGHT………………………………………………………………..i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………..ii
DECLARATION ........................................................................................... iii
PREFACE…………………………………………………………………...iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. vii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... x
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 1
1.2 Background of the Study............................................................... 1
1.3 Research Question ......................................................................... 3
1.4 Purpose of the Study ..................................................................... 3
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 4
1.6 Operational Definition of Important Terms .................................. 4
1.7 Organization of Thesis .................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 6
2.2 Reading Comprehension .................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Definition of Reading and Reading Comprehension ................ 6
2.2.2 Strategies for Reading Comprehension .................................... 11
2.2.3 Strategies for Teaching Reading Comprehension .................... 14
2.3 Story Grammar .................................................................................. 16
2.3.1 Definition of Story Grammar .................................................. 17
2.3.2 Procedures in Implementing Story Grammar .......................... 18
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
2.3.3 Assessment of Story Grammar ................................................ 24
2.4 Narrative Text ................................................................................... 26
2.4.1 The Characteristics of Narrative Text ...................................... 27
2.4.1.1 Social Function of Narrative Text ......................................... 27
2.4.1.2 Schematic Structure of Narrative Text .................................. 28
2.4.1.3 Language Feature of Narrative Text ..................................... 30
2.5 Previous Study of Story Grammar .................................................... 33
2.6 Conclusion of the Chapter................................................................. 35
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 36
3.2 Research site and Participants ...................................................... 36
3.3 Research Design ........................................................................... 37
3.4 Data Collection............................................................................. 38
3.4.1
Classroom Observation.................................................... 38
3.4.2
Questionnaire .................................................................. 39
3.4.3
Interview.......................................................................... 40
3.5 Data Analysis ............................................................................... 41
3.5.1 Classroom Observation ...................................................... 42
3.5.2 Questionnaire ..................................................................... 43
3.5.3 Interview............................................................................. 43
3.6 Conclusion of the Chapter ...................................................................... 44
CHAPTER IV: TEACHING PROGRAM
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 45
4.2 Phases of Study .................................................................................... 45
4.3 Preliminary Phase.................................................................................. 46
4.3.1 Inducting Teaching Program ........................................................ 46
4.3.2 Searching for Reading Material ................................................... 48
4.3.3 Arranging Lesson Plan and Student Worksheet........................... 51
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
4.4 Teaching Program ................................................................................ 52
4.4.1 Pre- Reading................................................................................ 53
4.4.2 While- Reading ........................................................................... 54
4.4.3 Post- Reading .............................................................................. 61
4.5 Post Teaching Phase ............................................................................. 65
4.6 Conclusion of the Chapter ................................................................... 66
CHAPTER V: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION OF DATA FROM
QUESTIONNAIRE AND INTERVIEW
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 68
5.2 Data from Questionnaire ........................................................................ 68
5.2.1 Students’ Responses toward Comprehension of Narrative Text.... 69
5.2.2 Students’ Responses toward Retelling the Story ........................... 73
5.2.3 Students’ Responses toward the Use of Story Grammar ............... 73
5.2.4 Summary of Discussion of Data from Questionnaire .................... 74
5.3 Data from Interview ............................................................................... 76
5.3.1 Students’ Responses toward Comprehension of Narrative Text.... 76
5.3.2 Students’ Responses toward Retelling the Story ........................... 78
5.3.3 Students’ Response toward the Use of Story Grammar ................. 80
5.3.4 Summary of Discussion of Data from Interview ........................... 81
5.4 Conclusion of the Chapter ...................................................................... 82
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 83
6.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 83
6.3 Limitation of Study ................................................................................ 84
6.4 Recommendation.................................................................................... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 87
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
APPENDICES ............................................................................................. 99
LIST OF TABLES AND CHART
Table 2.1The characteristics of narrative texts ............................ 31
Table 4.1The phases of teaching program ................................... 46
Table 4.2 Narrative texts in teaching program ............................. 50
Table 4.3 The result of students’ identifying of story parts ......... 58
Chart 4.1 The average score of reading comprehension test ....... 63
Table 4.4 Summary of the teaching program ............................... 66
Table 5.1 Students’ responses toward comprehension of
narrative texts ............................................................... 69
Table 5.2 Students’ responses toward retelling the story ............. 73
Table 5.3 Students’ responses toward the use of story grammar . 73
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Lesson plan............................................................ 100
Appendix 2: Schedule for Teaching program ............................ 103
Appendix 3: Story maps ............................................................. 107
Appendix 4: Findings from data questionnaire .......................... 116
Appendix 5: Question list for students interview ....................... 120
Appendix 6: Interview transcription .......................................... 121
Appendix 7: Reading assessment during teaching learning ....... 134
Appendix 8: Reading comprehension test.................................. 135
Appendix 9: The result of reading comprehension test ............. 147
Appendix 10: Reading materials (narrative texts) ..................... 148
Appendix 11: Comprehension spontaneous and cued retelling .. 153
Appendix 12: Assessment criteria of comprehension
spontaneous and Cued retelling ............................ 154
Appendix 13: List of cued questions ........................................... 155
Appendix 13: The result of comprehension spontaneous and
Cued retelling ...................................................... 156
Ika Sartika,2014
The use of story grammar in teaching reading narative text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu