Data Description Research findings

Table 3.3 The Students’ Response Distribution on Each Item of the Test No Number of items Right Wrong 1 Number 1 23 7 2 Number 2 10 20 3 Number 3 11 19 4 Number 4 23 7 5 Number 5 25 5 6 Number 6 19 11 ;7 Number 7 17 13 8 Number 8 19 11 9 Number 9 26 4 10 Number 10 10 20 11 Number 11 20 10 12 Number 12 19 11 13 Number 13 25 5 14 Number 14 16 14 15 Number 15 5 25 16 Number 16 20 10 17 Number 17 19 11 18 Number 18 19 11 19 Number 19 17 13 20 Number 20 13 17 21 Number 21 20 10 22 Number 22 10 20 23 Number 23 25 5 24 Number 24 8 22 25 Number 25 8 22 26 Number 26 5 25 27 Number 27 4 26 28 Number 28 4 26 29 Number 29 4 26 30 Number 30 11 19 Table 3.4 The 1 st Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 5 many opinion Omit a word The word „opinion’ should be replaced by Many opinions Inter- lingual Transfer „opinions’. 9 many floweres Add a word The word „floweres’ should be replaced by „flower’. many flowers Context of Learning 13 two birdes Add a word The word „birdes’ should be replaced by „birds’ two birds Context of Learning 23 two dolles Add a word The word „dolles’ should be replaced by „dolls’ two dolls Context of Learning Table 3.5 The 2 nd Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 4 five classs. Omit a word The word „classs’ should be replaced by „classes’. five classes Inter- lingual transfer 6 two stitchs. . Omit a word The word „stitchs’ should be replaced by „stitches’ two stitches Inter- lingual transfer 7 three flashs. Omit a word The word „flashs’ should be replaced by „flashes’ three flashes Inter- lingual Transfer 19 a lot of taxs . Omit a word The word „ taxs ’ should be replaced by ‘ a taxes ’ a lot of taxes Inter- lingual Transfer Table 3.6 The 3 rd Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 14 several possibilityes Word choice The word „possibilityes ’ should be replaced by „possibilities’ . several possibilities Intra- lingual Transfer 17 many dormitoryes. Word choice The word „dormitoryes’ should be replaced by „dormitories’. many dormitories Intra- lingual Transfer 21 many butterflyes Word choice The word „butterflyes’ should be replaced by „butterflies’ many butterflies Intra- lingual Transfer Table 3.7 The 4 th Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Number s Identificatio n of Errors Classificatio n of Errors Description Explanation s Correction s Causes of Errors 1. two mangos Omit a word The word „mangos’ should be replaced by „mangoes’. two mangos Inter- lingual Transfe r 11. few tomatos Omit a word The word „tomato’ should be replaced by „tomatoes’. few tomatoes Inter- lingual Transfe r 12 two heros Omit a word „heros’ should be replaced by „heroes’. two heroes Inter- lingual Transfe r Table 3.8 The 5 th Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 8 three bookshelfes Word choice The word „bookshelfes’ should be replaced by „bookshelves three bookshelves Intra- lingual Transfer 16 some wolfes Word choice The word „wolfes’ should be replaced by „wolves’. some wolves Intra- lingual Transfer 18 three wifes Word choice „wifes’ should be replaced by „wives’. three wives Intra- lingual Transfer Table 3.9 The 6 th Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Number Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanation Correction Causes of Errors 2 two fishs Add a word The word „fishs’ should be replaced by „fish’. two fish Context of Learning 3 three deers Add a word The word „deers’ should be replaced by „deer’. Three deer Context of Learning 20 two sheeps Add a word The word „sheeps’ should be Two sheep Context of Learning replaced by „sheep’. Table 3.10 The 7 th Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 10 three childs Word order The word „childs’ should be replaced by „children’. three children Inter- lingual Transfer Table 3.11 The 8 th Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 15 two seriess Add a word The word „seriess’ should be replaced by „series’. two series Context of Learning Table 3.12 The 9 th Identification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 30 Two foots Word order The word „foots’ should be replaced by „feet’. Two feet Inter- lingual Transfer Table 3.13 The 10 th Iden tification of the Students’ Errors Test Numbers Identification of Errors Classification of Errors Description Explanations Corrections Causes of Errors 25 some stimuluss Word order The word „stimuluss’ should be replaced by „stimuli’. some stimuli Inter- lingual Transfer 22 many memorandu ms Word order The word’ memorandum’ should be replaced by „memoranda’ many memoranda Inter- lingual Transfer 24 many criterions Word order The word „criterions’ should be replaced by „criteria’ . many criterions Inter- lingual Transfer 26 some larvas Word choice The word „larvas’ should be replaced by „larvae’ . some larvae Intra- lingual Transfer 27 some crisis Word choice „crisis’ should be replaced by „crises’. . some crises Intra- lingual Transfer 28 several vortexs Word order „vortexs’ should be replaced by „vorteices’ several vorteices Inter- lingual Transfer 29 many plateaus Word order „’plateaus should be replaced by „plateaux’ many plateau Inter- lingual Transfer

B. The Data Analysis

In this part the data was analyzed. The frequency and percentage of the students’ errors in learning plural forms of nouns. The table below the errors explanation, as follows: Table 3.14 Table of Number of Classification of Errors Explanation No. Types of Errors Number of Errors Percentage of Errors 1. Word choice 8 26.66 2. Add a word 6 20 3. Omit a word 8 26.66 4 Word order 8 26.66 Total 100 From the table 3.14 above, there are 8 errors committed in word choice with 26.66 because the students put inappropriate words to be used in sentences. There are 6 errors committed in add a word with the percentage 20 because the students add inappropriate words in plural form. Also, there are 8 errors committed in omit a word errors with 26.66 because the students omit words items that should not happen in sentences on the test. At last, there are 8 errors committed in word order with the percentage 26.66 because the students less of knowledge. Here is the explanation regarding causes of errors described in the table below: Table 3.15 Table of Number of Causes of Errors Explanation No. Causes of Errors Number of Causes of Errors Percentage of Causes of Errors 1. Inter-lingual Transfer 15 50 2. Intra-lingual Transfer 8 26.66 3. Context of Learning 7 23.33 Total 100 Based on the table 3.15 above, there are 15 errors caused by inter-lingual transfer with 50 because the students might be influenced by their mother tongue influences in terms of patterns, systems, or rules. There are 8 errors caused by intra-lingual transfer with 26.66 because the students strive to derive the rules behind the data to which has been exposed by the students, and develop hypotheses related neither to their mother tongue nor to their target language. Also, there are 7 errors caused by context of learning with 23.33 because the teachers or the textbooks may lead the students to create faulty hypotheses about the language. Students might make errors because of a misleading explanation from the teachers, textbooks, or patterns memorized rottenly. Here is the explanation about frequency and percentage of the students’ errors: Table 3.16 The Frequency and Percentage of the Students’ Errors in Regular Plural No Regular forms Number item Frequency of Error Percentage of Error 1 The majority of plural noun 5 9 13 23 5 4 5 5 26.31 21.05 26.31 26.31 Total 4 19 100 Average 15.83 2 Nouns ending with the hissing sounds of s,x,z, sh, or ch 4 6 7 19 7 11 13 13 15.90 25 29.54 29.54 Total 4 44 100 Average 36.66 3 Nouns ending in –y 14 14 40 17 21 11 10 31.42 28.57 Total 3 35 100 Average 38.88 4 Nouns ending in –o 1 11 12 7 10 11 25 35.71 39.28 Total 3 28 100 Average 31.11 5 Nouns ending in –f or –fe 8 16 18 11 10 11 34.37 31.25 34.37 Total 3 32 100 Average 35.55 It shows the first type of regular plural noun is the majority of plural noun with the average 15, 83. In item number 5, there are 5 students or 26, 31 who choose the wrong answer. Item 9, there are 4 students or 21, 05, who choose the wrong answer. Number 13 and 23, there are 5 students or 26, 31, who choose the wrong answer. These errors happen because the students are still confused in changing singular to plural noun in English pattern.