Owen. The sonnet uses a single stanza of usually fourteen lines and an intricate rhyme pattern.
Epic is the most ambitious kind of poetry which deals with great heroes whose action determines the fate of their nation or of mankind. Epics usually operate on a large scale, both
in length and topic, such as the founding of a nation Virgil’s Aeneid or the beginning of world history Miltons Paradise Lost, they tend to use an elevated style of language and
supernatural beings take part in the action. Dramatic monologue is a type of poetry in which a person expresses the though and
feeling which are uppermost in his mind to another person who keeps silent all the time with a view to convincing to hearer of what he thinks. It is essentially a study of character, of
mental states or moral crisis, made from inside. It is predominantly psychological, analytical, meditative, and argumentative. In a dramatic monologue, the speakers speaks and addresses
his argument to another person who generally keep mum, which infuses great dramatic quality into it.
Satire is a type of ridicule and criticism, and it can be erected against many different object universal human vices of follies, social evils or political short coming. It is often
engendered by the desire to improve society, to right a wrong. The confessional poems are basically autobiographical in nature. It is the poet
speaking specifically about himself. And free-verse it is the kinds of poetry an author doesn’t use either rhyme- scheme or metrical devices.
2.5.3. The Aspects of Poetry
Poetry has four main aspects. Pardede 2009:11 says, “The aspects of poetry are sense, feeling, tone, and intention”. The fourth aspect is important one of poetry.
Sense is the subject matter of poetry. A sense related to a poem’s meaning conveyed by its author. Sometimes, poetry’s tittle gives some indication of its general meaning or the
theme. Feeling is the attitude of the author toward the subject matter. The author writes
poetry based on his feeling, so it is about writer’s heart situation.
Tone is the attitude of the writer toward the reader. We can understand it by giving our attention to the writer’s words or diction used in his poetry.
Intention is undoubtedly a writer writes certain poetry for he has a special intention. It is about motivation of the writer, at least for himself to express his feeling.
2.5.4. The Devices of Poetry
There are some devices used in poetry. Pardede 2009:18 states, “In writing a poem, a poet uses three devices, they are structural devices, sense devices and sound devices”. The
third devices would be described as follow: 1.
Structural Devices a.
Repetition A Poet often repeats single lines or whole stanza at intervals to emphasize a
particular idea. Repetition is found in poetry which is aiming a special musical effect or when a poet wants to pay very close intention to something.
Example: water, water everywhere the Ancient Mariner b.
Contrast This is one of the most common of all structural devices. It occurs when the
readers find two completely opposite pictures side by side. Sometimes the contrast is immediate obvious and sometimes implied.
Example: Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away c.
Illustration This is an example which usually takes the form of a vivid picture by which a
poet may make an idea clear. Examples: the picture given in Ozymandias illustrates the idea of the vanity of
human wishes. The description of the broken statue of a cruel and powerful king gives the lines
My name is Ozymandias, king of king
Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair 3.
Sense Devices a.
Imagery Imagery is a description which makes the reader imagines how things, sounds,
or even smell feel like. Imagery refers to the pictures that the readers see in their minds as they read. Good images are created by using specific details that
appeal to the sense and make a dominant impression. The ability to uses imagery stems from being a good observer of the world.
b. Symbol
Symbol is a trope that combines a literal and sensuous quality with abstract or suggestive aspect but it is not literal meaning but uses that meaning to suggest
another. A symbol is something that is itself and also stands for something else as the letters.
c. Figures of Speech
Figures of speech are phrases or words that compare one thing to another unlike thing. Figures of speech can enhance style and make ideas distinct.
There are some kinds of figures of speech, they are Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Metonymy, Antithesis, Irony, Allegory, etc.
4. Sound Devices
a. Rhythm
Rhythm is essentially a mother of repetition. Rhythm is achieved by repeating some combination of intervals between sounds or of light and strong beats. In
other words, rhythm is the pulse or beat felt in a line of poetry. Example: Day by day, day after day
We stuck, nor breath nor motion The Ancient Mariner Another repetition which is also a part of prosody is the repetition of sounds.
The most familiar version of this device is rhyme. The most familiar rhyme is that which occurs at the end of a poetic line. In defining terminal rhyme, the
readers use letter to indicate a sound that is repeated a b c d. Rhyme can point up certain words and make these key terms strike.
b. Masculine Ending
Masculine ending is a line which has a final stressed syllable. c.
Feminine Ending
Feminine ending is a line which has a final unstressed syllable.
d. Alliteration
Alliteration means that the repetition of initial consonant in another word is the repetition of the same sound at frequent intervals.
Example: O Wild West Wind e.
Assonance Assonance is the repeating of stressed vowel sound.
Example: In behind you auld fail dyke f.
Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia imitates actual sounds being described.
Example: hiss, buzz, whirr, sizzle, cuckoo. g.
Euphony Euphony is a pleasantness of sound which describes light and graceful.
h. Cacophony
Cacophony is a sounding language that reads easily, referring to another sound effect that describes a harsh and heavy praising.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1. Research Design
