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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the discussion about the research methodology applied in this research. It consists of research design, research area, research subject, and
data collection method and research procedure as can be seen in the following section.
3.1 Research Design
Classroom action research CAR was used because it is designed to improve the students’ descriptive paragraph writing ability. In this case, Elliot 1991:69 states
the appropriate use of CAR as the study of social situation that is suitable in the educational field with a view to improve the quality of the action. McMillan
1992:12 adds that an action research is a type of applying research which the purpose of solving a spesific problem or decision making at single local site. In short,
a classrom action research is an action which is intended to improve the quality of teaching and learning in order to increase the students’ ability. This research will be
done collaboratively with the English teacher. The collaboration is focused on finding and defining the research problem, observing, evaluating, and reflecting the action. In
conducting an action research, the researchers uses Lewin’s cycle model that has been revised by Elliot 1991:70, that is: 1 identifying idea, 2 reconnaisance, 3 general
plan, and 4 implementation of the action, 5 monitor implementation and effect, 6 data analysis and reflection These steps will be conducted in each cycle. If the
student’s writing test score cannot achieve the standard score requirement that is 70, the action continues to the next cycle until the target can be achieved. The design of
this classroom action research is ilustrated in the following diagram.
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Take from Lewin, 1980; in Elliot, 1991:70 This research had begun with analyzing the problem find after interviewing
one of the grade VII English teacher at SMPN 1 Tempeh in preliminary study. Acccording to the teacher, the students of class VIIF still experienced difficulties in
writing a descriptive paragraph. Besides, this class was less motivated to write in an English text. Therefore, the above group of the students of class VIIF was used as the
research subjects. Thus, the procedure of the research are as follow : 1. Interviewing the English teacher of grade VIIF for finding out information
related to the current condition in the teaching writing process consists of
students’ problem, the strategy which is applied in teaching writing, the students’ writing score.
2. Finding out some documents to gain the supporting data about the mean score of students’ previous writing ability.
3. Determining the research subject. 4. Planning the action. Constructing the lesson plan for the first cycle. Meeting I
and II in the collaboration with the English teacher 5. Implementing the action teaching writing trough TPS
6. Observing the classroom while implementing the action. 7. Giving a test the form of writing a descriptive paragraph.
8. Analyzing the result of writing test quantitatively. 9. Reflecting the result of the classroom observation and the writing
achievement test if the result of writing test is not yet achieve the target, the lesson plans of the first cycle revised and it will be continued to the second
cycle 10. Drawing a conclusion to answer the research problem.
3.2 The Operasional Definition
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