CHAPTER II THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Characterization
Characterization is the sum of all observable qualities of a human being, everything knowable through careful scrutiny: age and IQ; sex and sexuality; style of
speech and gesture; choices of home, car, and dress; education and occupation; personality and nervosity; values and attitudes.
1
Characterization is the character means of differentiating one personage from another. It means one character has different characterization to another character,
and characterization also means the method used by a writer to develop a character. Characterization includes:
1. Physical, concerns such basic facts as sex, age, size, and color. 2. Social, concerns as character’s economic status, profession or trade, religion,
and family relationships – all the factors that place him in his environment. 3. Psychological, reveals a character’s habitual responses, desires, motivations,
likes and dislikes – the inner working of the mind.
1
Robert McKee, Structure and Character. Accessed on July, 12 2007 http:www.writersstore.comarticle.php?articles_id=244
.
This is to say that the author describes the character, behavior, physical state, social state, and the personality of the character. Characterization is the way in which
a character is created.
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1. Characteristic Characteristic is a character feature which differentiate one character to
another, it means characters characteristics revealed and through circumstances, words, thoughts, actions, or appearances.
B. Character
The character refers to a personage in a literary work, such as in the drama and the novel. The term of character also denotes the essential of qualities and
personality, the traits of a fictional or real individual. The ability to create compelling and believable characters is one of the hallmarks of the literary artist.
The character is an important in the work of fiction, because who is to do and incurred something is done by the character. The term of character refers to the
person, the actor of the story. Among the character and his characterization is intact union. It is often the call of certain character sign to his characterization.
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In English literature there are two definitions about character, that is: 1 Figure in a literary work
2
Richard Gill, Mastering English Literature London: Macmillan Ltd, 1995, p. 129
3
Burhan Nurgiyantoro, Teori Pengkajian Fiksi, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.2002,p. 165
2 Personality; the mental and moral qualities of a figure, as when we say that as character is strong, weak, immoral, or whatever.
4
Gift of name is form of simplest figure, it is a kind of way to giving personality, animating.
5
It means to reveal the character through the story is give name to character and make it alive in building the story.
According to the book of Kritik Sastra Feminis by Sugihastuti Suharto, said that;
“Cerita rekaan pada dasarnya mengisahkan seseorang atau beberapa orang yang menjadi tokoh. Yang dimaksud tokoh cerita adalah individu rekaan yang
mengalami peristiwa atau perbuatan di didalam berbagai peristiwa cerita yang berperan sebagai subjek yang menggerakkan peristiwa-peristiwa cerita”.
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Fictions story basically tell about one or some people that become character. Characters are the important elements in building a story, for they are much
involved in the events which united the story.
According to the book of Literature for composition by Scott Foresman, Character is things happen in most good fiction at least partly because the people
have certain personalities or character traits. The writer observed the character intensity of involvement in building the
story to determine the main character and subordinate character. The main character has the highest intensity of involvement in building the story, whereas the minor
character support the character in building a story, as stated by Sugihastuti Suharto in the book of Kritik Sastra Feminis:
4
Barnet, Berman, and Burto. Opcit p.71
5
Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. Teori Kesusastraan. Jakarta: Pt. Gramedia, 1995, p.287
6
Sugihastuti Suharto, Opcit p. 50
Karakteristik yang digunakan untuk menentukan tokoh sentral bukan frekuensi kemunculan tokoh itu dalam cerita, melainkan intensitas
keterlibatannya didalam peristiwa-peristiwa yang membangun cerita.
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The characteristic used to identify the central character is not the frequency of appearance but the intensity of involving which build the story.
Based on the function, character in a literary work can be divided into two there are main character and minor character
Menurut kedudukan tokoh dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu tokoh utama dan tokoh bawahan. Tokoh utama adalah tokoh yang memegang peranan penting
dalam suatu cerita.
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Characters are classified into two: they are the main character and minor character. The main character has the highest involvement in the story.
Main Character
Main character has an important role and the highest intensity of involvement in the story. The central figure in a story called central character. The character plays the
highest role in a story. “Tokoh utama dalam suatu cerita disebut juga dengan tokoh utama yaitu
orang-orang yang mengambil bagian dalam sebagian besar peristiwa cerita.”
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Main character is the central character of a story. It refers to the people who take part in most of the events.
7
Ibid p. 52
8
Aminudin, Pengantar Apresiasi Karya Sastra, Bandung: Angkasa, 1987, p. 80
9
Attar Semi, Anatomi Sastra, Bandung: Angkasa, 1988, p. 39
Minor Character
Minor Character is a character that supports the central character. The character has fewer roles or in the other words the character is less dominant. But the
character is needed to support the main character in developing story. According to Grimes 1975:43,
“Di dalam cerita rekaan biasanya tidak hanya terdapat tokoh utama, tetapi juga ada tokoh bawahan, tokoh bawahan adalah tokoh yang tidak sentral
kedudukannya didalam cerita, tetapi kehadirannya diperlukan untuk menunjang atau mendukung tokoh utama.”
minor character supports the main character in building the story but they have less position than the main character.
The kinds of characters are dynamic and static. Dynamic is character works through some development. It undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of
character, personality or outlook. The alteration in out of self and the human correlation with affected; are able to touch the psychological and make the change
and development attitude. Static character is the character remains relatively unchanged. It is a figure, which not changes in essential of characterization because
of phenomenon.
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C. Feminist Literary Criticism
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