Research Methodology Research Finding 1.

whos Beourgeouise led grand tour of wonkas mysterious factory. Wonka Willy Wonka began with a single store, occupied by small number of workers. All over the world wants his candy. Once Willy Wonka closed his factory and fired all its workers due to his belief that his worker were spying on behalf of rival candy-makers. Though Willy wonka told his workers that he would close the factory forever, he mysteriously reopened it sometime later. No one knows who works for him. later at the beginning of Tour, they find out that Oompa Loopa, imported directly from Loompa Land, works for Willy Wonka and get paid with a cocoa Bean. It is interesting to find out how the film describes the two characters who represents social position of capitalist society. This will be the focus of the research: analyzing the class representation of Charlie and Wonka. By using Karl Marx perspective, it will reveal the process of the two characters achieving class position. From above reasons, the writer will analyze the class of Charlie and Wonka’s Character in “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”.

B. Research Methodology

Based on the research question above, the writer has the objectives of the research as follows; the objective of the research is to find out how Charlie and Wonka are depicted and to find out how they represent capitalist social class. The researcher will use the descriptive qualitative method to analyse Charlie and Wonka Character in movie Charlie and the chocolate factory by finding evidences taken in class representation and finally using Marxist perspective of class structure related to Charlie and Wonka Character. The writer watches the Film, then takes evidences in class representation and characterization, and finally analyzes Charlie and Wonka in the movie “Charlie and the chocolate factory” by using descriptive qualitative analysis technique. In this analysis, the writer explains through the obtained data of Characterization and Class representation. The writer is the instrument of this study by watching deeply and identifying the problem, then analyzing the obtained data, the movie “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” to find out the evidence and other aspect related to the class structure of Charlie and Wonka Characters. The unit of analysis is the Movie “Charlie and The Chocolate Factory”, which is released on year 2005. This research is conducted in Jakarta, Specifically it is taking place in Lenteng Agung, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic university library, and the faculty of Adab and Humanities, and it starts from March 2009.

C. Theoretical Framework A.

Character and Characterization 1. Character Identification Some films through both action and dialogue focus on the clear delineation of a single unique character. Although plot is important in such films, what happens is important primarily because it helps us understand the character being developed. 8 Identification in literature isnt as big of an issue as it is in film. In film, the main character is the viewers ticket into the story. The earliest views of identification in film theory seem also to be most up-to-date. In 1916 Hugo Munsterberg described the ways in which spectators become emotionally involved in film. The spectators shares the emotions of many of the persons on the screen and simulates these so that all the resulting sensations from muscles, joints, tendons, from skin and viscera, from blood circulation and breathing, give the colour of living experience to the emotional reflection in our mind, but to other fictional characters our emotional reactions will be different types of distancing or rejection. 9 Bazin describes character identification in film by a comparison to theatre: a member of a film audience tends to identify 8 Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2002, P. 13 9 Torben Grodal, Moving Pictures California: Oxford University Press, 2005, P. 81 himself with the films hero by a psychological proess, the result of which is to turn the audience into a mass and to render emotion uniform. He thinks that in theatre the spectator relates directly to the different actors, whereas in film the viewers relation to the world represented is mediated through protagonist-identification. Working with Konstantin Stanislavskys ideas, we begin to add dynamism to those actions. 10 Stanislavsky puts forth that the inner life of the character is concealed by the outer circumstances of his or her life. If Aristotle suggests that action defines character, Stanislavsky suggests that the energy of character is often a by-product of the tension between what the characters wants to do and what he feels he should do in a given situation. Elia Kazan, the great director of theater and film, used this dynamic tension and brought the character to externalize these complex feelings. 11 As a director, he looks to turn psychology into behavior. The relationship between inner feeling and outer action is very useful for the author of story, since it is those that define character. 10 Ibid 11 Ibid Character may be analyzed based on types of pairings. Common types of character are Stock and stereotypes character, static and developing character, Major and minor Character, and flat and round character.

2. Characterization

a Definition of Characterization Character creation is the art of characterization. What the author does to bring a character to life, to provide the reader with a sense of that character’s personality, to make that character unique. Characterization is the process of conveying information about characters in fiction or conversation. 12 Characters are usually presented by description and through their actions, speech, and thoughts. 13 A well-developed character is one that has been thoroughly characterized, with many traits shown in the narrative. b Characterization through Appearance 12 Characterization, Wikipedia Encyclopedia Online, Wikipedia. May 21, 2009. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikicharacterisation. P. 1 13 Ibid. Because most film actors project certain qualities of character the minute they appear on the screen. 14 The minute we see most actor on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move. c Characterization through Dialogue Characters in a fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. But a great deal is also revealed by how they say it. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause patterns of their speech. 15 Actor use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects if any reveals a great deal about their characters’ social and economic level, educational background, and mental processes. d Characterization through External Action Although appearance is an important measure of a character’s personality, appearances are often misleading. Perhaps the best reflections of character are a person’s actions. It must be assumed, of course, that real characters are more than 14 Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films2002, Op Cit. P. 50 15 Ibid mere instruments of the plot, that they do what they do for a purpose, but of motives that are consistent with their overall personality. 16 e Characterization through Internal Action Inner action occurs within characters’ minds and emotions and consists of secret, unspoken thoughts, daydreams, aspirations, memories, fears, and fantasies. 17 People hopes, dreams, and aspirations can be as important to an understanding of their character as any real achievement, and their fears and insecurities can be more terrible to them than any real catastrophic failure. f Characterization through Reactions of Other Characters The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes a great deal of information about a character is already provided through such means before the character first appears on the screen. 18 g Characterization through Contrast: Dramatic Foils 16 Ibid P. 52 17 Ibid P. 53 18 Ibid P. 53 One of the most effective techniques of characterization is the use of foils- contrasting characters whose behavior, attitudes, opinions, lifestyle, physical appearance, and so on are the opposite of those of the main characters. 19 h Characterization through Caricature And Leitmotif In order to take an image of a character quickly and deeply in our minds and memories, actor often exaggerates or distorts one or more dominant features or personality traits. 20 This device is called caricature. A physical feature, such as the way a person moves, may also be caricatured. Voice qualities and accents may also function in this way. A similar means of characterization, leitmotif, is the repetition of a single phrase or idea by a character until it becomes almost a trademark or theme song for that character. 21 i Characterization through Choice of Name 19 Ibid P. 54 20 Ibid 21 Ibid One important method of characterization is the use of names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. 22 This technique is known as name typing.

B. Marxism

1. Definition

Marxism is a political-economic theory that presents a materialist conception of history. Marxism is the name given to the ideas of Karl Heinrich Marx, a German Political, economic, and philosophical theorist and revolutionist. These ideas provide a theoretical basis of class structure in capitalist socialism. It is also a powerful critique to the capitalism. Marx believes that the entire main actor of social change is not particular individual, except social class. It means that the key to understand the development of human history is analyzing social class as Marx commented in Communist Manifesto, “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”. 23 22 Ibid P. 57 23 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973. P. 1 All of human histories are about the struggles of human in social class to attain or achieve higher form of human society. Marx do not define rank or position for definition of class.

2. Class Structure

Class defined as social relationship rather than a position or rank in society. According to marx, capitalist society consists of three classes: LaborProletariat, CapitalistBourgoisie, and Landlord who lived by renting land. The writer cited from franz magnis suseno in his book, pemikiran Karl Marx dari sosialisme utopis ke perselisihan revolusionisme, the alienation analysis of marx makes two classes which is bourgoisie and proletariat opposing each other. Marx thought that classes in capitalism relates each other, in other words the capitalist class could not exist without proletariat, or vice versa. Social relations between proletariat and bourgeoisie are the matter of who rule and to be ruled. It is based on ability of someone to close the chance of labor to get job or life. Since laborproletariat can only sustain or rely his life by working with bourgeoisie class, they have to accept all conditions that have been made by bourgeoisie. So the bourgeoisie are the class that rules the proletariat. Class proletariat has to be suffering from bourgeoisie action directly or indirectly. In this case might take as economy condition or mental. a Bourgeoisie The Bourgeoisie or Capitalists are the owners of capital, purchasing and exploiting labor power, using the surplus value from employment of this labor power to accumulate or expand their capital. 24 b Proletariat The proletariat are owners of labor power the ability to work, with no resources other than the ability to work with their hands, bodies, and minds. 25 In order to survive and obtain an income for themselves and their families, they must find employment and work for the capitalist employer.

3. Representation Theory

Stuart Hall in his book explained the meaning of representation is an essential part of the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members and culture. 26 In literary theory representation is commonly defined in three ways. 27 First is it look like or resemble, representation according to this definition, can be produced an incalculable number of times, as an example television soap operas. 24 Ibid. P. 114 25 Ibid. pp. 114 - 115 26 Hall, Stuart, Representations, Cultural Representations, Cultural Representation and Signifying Practice London: Sage Publication Ltd, 1997, P. 15 27 OShaughnessy, M and Stadler J, Media and society: an introduction, 3rd edition South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2005, P. 10 Second definition refers to stand in for something or someone which means to represent as using one thing to stand for another, for example political stance. 28 The last definition is to represent a second time to re-present. It is implied that representation is the ability of text to draw upon features of the world and present them to the viewer, not simply as reflections, but more so, as constructions.

D. Research Finding 1.

Character Analysis a Charlie Bucket The film starts from the narrator, who appears at the end of film, tells a story. The narrator describes Charlie Bucket as a little boy who doesn’t have superiority than any other children. It is clearly stated in narrator statement at the beginning of film. Narrator: This is a story of an ordinary little boy named Charlie Bucket. He was not faster or stronger or more clever than other children. His family was not rich or powerful or well-connected. In fact, they barely had enough to eat. 28 Ibid. P. 11 The narrator describes Charlie as deprived of adequate food. Charlie wears red long thin winter jacket which should not resist cold in winter. Although he is freezing, he keeps standing there See Scene 3. The viewer knows from his clothes that he is poor. After the wonka’s truck has gone, he runs off and enters to a small decrepit house see scene 6. Then the day shifts to night. Inside of it, there are four old men who are crippled and sit on bed, the boy and a woman. Charlie has appeared from the beginning of the movie makes him as protagonist. He is the character who get a problem starts from his family, financial condition and himself. Charlie is described as the luckiest boy in the world. Amongst 5 children who get golden ticket, Charlie is the luckiest boy. Narrator narrates Charlie is the luckiest boy since he can get to the factory by the factor of luck. Wonka comments on this Willy Wonka: And you. Well, youre just lucky to be here, arent you? The other 4 children get the ticket from their effort, for example Verucca Salt uses her wealth to get the ticket, then Mike Teave uses his brain to track down the ticket, and Augustus Gloop gets his ticket since he eats lots of candy and chocolate. When audiences look at Charlie’s appearance, they may think that Charlie’s body may be blown up by the wind. Charlie only eats cabbage every time of his life since the condition of his family’s economy. Although Charlie is short in physical proportions, he is kind hearted. Grandpa Joe states Charlie’s personality when he asks him to buy one chocolate bar for both of them. Towards the end of the film, once Charlie turns down Wonkas first offer of the factory, he loses respect for Wonka because of Wonka’s low regard for family. Charlies opinion of him changes for better when Wonka realizes with Charlies help that family is an important part of any successful endeavor. b Willy Wonka Willy Wonka is one of main character who lives in the factory alone. He is the owner of the biggest chocolate factory and also the famous chocolatier. At the beginning of film Willy Wonka is only known from Grandpa Joe’s story. Grandpa Joe who is much younger works to Willy Wonka, he tells that Willy Wonka is a genius Grandpa Joe: The man was a genius. Did you know he invented a new way of making chocolate ice cream so that it stays cold for hours without a freezer?You can even leave it lying in the sun on a hot day, and it wont go runny. Charlie Bucket: But thats impossible. Grandpa Joe: But Willy Wonka did it. Wonka makes a new innovation in chocolate ice cream. It won’t go runny even it is lying in the sun on a hot day. In fact, when Prince Pondicherry who is an Indian Prince writes a letter to Willy Wonka, and asks him to build a colossal place which is made from chocolate, he is successful made it. When there came a very hot day with a boiling sun, the palace is melt.Wonka is really genius. That makes Charlie idolizes wonka. Wonka is well known eccentricity; at the beginning of film we can’t see this behavior, later in the middle of film when the tour begins, the audiences slowly knows that wonka is eccentric. Charlie: You can eat the grass? Willy Wonka: Of course you can. Everything in this room is eatable. Even Im eatable. But that is called cannibalism, my dear children and is, in fact, frowned upon in most societies. See Scene 24 When they enter a room that amazes the visitor, Wonka explain that no factory in this world that has waterfall of chocolate. He then pleases the visitor to taste the candy which is mean to be the land of candy. When Charlie asks him You can eat the grass? Wonka answer it not in simple words but with additional information about cannibalism. Wonka doesn’t have to add information about cannibalism. He only needs to say which one can’t be eaten. From the first dialogue, it appears that wonka is eccentric that he doesn’t have to do or say something unnecessary thing. Otherwise you can check his appearance that makes him an attention to all of people see scene15. Wonka has no family. The only family he had is his father, Wilbur Wonka the only dentist in the town at that time. He is leaving little Wonka due to Wonka is following his ambition not his father’s will which is to become dentist. These leaves trauma and makes him deny on parents. Wonka: You cant run a chocolate factory with a family hanging over you like an old, dead goose. No offense. Granpa: None taken, jerk. Wonka: A chocolatier has to run free and solo. He has to follow his dreams. Granpa Joe: Gosh darn the consequences. Wonka: Look at me. I had no family, and Im a giant success. Wonka is very demanding on Charlie to follow wonka’s work. He demands Charlie to leave his family as wonka does it to catch his dreams to become a Famous Great Chocolatier. As wonka’s father is very demanding to his child, Wonka is also like his father too. Wonka also known to be cared of his little worker, since they are his only family he had. Wonka: They are such wonderful workers. Class Representation R.J. Rummel stated that Class of Marxist is determined by property distribution and consumption, which reflects the production and power relation classes. The writer sees that the film reflects condition of Marxist’s classes. An example can be taken from the character itself. Charlie Bucket and Willy Wonka are the main character who reflects Marxist class. Charlie Bucket represents his family which is proletariat. Charlie has a father; his name is Mr. Bucket. He works at local tooth paste factory. When the industrial revolution comes to his town, Mr. Bucket loses his job. Robot has taken his position since the owner thinks that it is more efficient than human labor. Since Wonka announce his competition to find a golden ticket in his Wonka bar, he makes a rise of chocolate bar sale. Through this competition, people willing to sacrifice their needs and also makes the needs of toothpaste rise suddenly. The factory, that Charlie’s father work, has made a decision to buy a robot or automatic machines from extra money they got and also fire some of the worker including Charlie’s father. That job is only income for his family. They are really relied on this job, although the payment is only enough to buy cabbage each day. Charlie: Why arent you at work? Charlie’s Dad: Oh, well, the toothpaste factory thought theyd give me a bit of time off. Charlie: Like summer vacation? Charlie’s Dad: Sure. Something like that. Narrator: In fact, it wasnt like a vacation at all. The upswing in candy sales had led to a rise in cavities which led to a rise in toothpaste sales. With the extra money the factory had decided to modernize eliminating Mr. Buckets job. Before this happen Charlie’s grandpa has been fired when he works with Willy Wonka. Willy Wonka has to shutdown his worker since there is a despicable spy amongst them. Granpa Joe: All the other chocolate makers, you see had grown jealous of Mr. Wonka. They began sending in spies to steal his secret recipes. Fickelgruber started making an ice cream that would never melt. Prodnose came out with a chewing gum that never lost its flavor. Then Slugworth began making candy balloons that you could blow up to incredible sizes. The thievery got so bad that one day, without warning Mr. Wonka told every single one of his workers to go home. He announced that he was closing his chocolate factory forever. Wonka has rival of candy maker who sends their spies to get secret receipt of Willy Wonka. However he doesnt need to close his factory for each of his worker. This makes Charlie has to be suffer from his family economy condition. If Wonka wasnt closing his factory to his human worker, Charlie will have better condition than today. When Charlie gets the ticket from the money he had found on the street. He faces two options of him, sell the golden ticket to the highest bid or he choose to join the tour of Wonka’s factory. Charlie: No. Were not going. A woman offered me 500 for the ticket. I bet someone else would pay more. We need the money more than we need the chocolate. Charlie bucket is kind hearted boy and cares his family. He knows that his family needs more money to struggle. He can’t have a job unless he can sell the golden ticket to the highest bids. When he feels that his father doesn’t have a job because of industrial revolution, he raise up to help his family from poverty. That is why Charlie sacrifices his ambition to take the tour and cash the golden ticket. In this rate, Charlie is categorized as Proletariat since he suffers from the bourgeoisie actions, and his family also doesn’t have ability to open a job field When the five children, they do not work instead of following the Tour to get the main prizes, enter Wonka’s factory, they become proletariat. Even they are the richest children who also has factory. They have to obey bourgeoisie who controls in the factory. If they do not obey then they will ensure loses their chances to win the factory. For example Mike Teeave with television set, he managed to use teleportation to TV and makes him to be small size as the ant. In order to make his size normal, he has to be put in taffer puller. Wonka, as the writer depicted above, is a bourgeoisie. He owns, controls the factory, and also has power in there. He also can manage suffer his rival, or Proletariat. In other side Charlie is categorized as Proletariat, seeing from the end of the film as one of the labor worker and also the one who is suffering from the action directly or indirectly of Bourgoisie class.

E. Conclusion and Suggestion