Furthermore, Holman and Harmon divide character into two namely static and dynamic. A static character is one who changes little or does not change at
all, because there is nothing happening within. It means that a character begins as the same kind of character as in the end. A dynamic character is one who is
modified by actions and experiences that influence the character to change. That is why a dynamic character is one who often changes 83.
Based on the aspect of importance, Henkle 88-97 categorizes character into major and minor character. A major character is the centre of the story. A
major character is the most important and complex character in the story. Usually heshe can be identified through the complexity of hisher characterization and the
attention given to them by the other character. Thus, a major character deserves the fullest attention since she or he performs a key structural function where upon
heshe builds expectations and desires, which in modification establish our values. Whereas, minor characters are the characters that perform a more limited function.
They just appear in a certain setting, less sophisticated and drawn in shallower relief and usually they jus t become the background of the major character.
3. Characterization
This part will discuss the theory of characterization, which is used in order to analyse the character in the novel. This part also divided into two, the first is the
meaning of characterization while the second is concern on ways of characterization. In order to analyse the character in the novel, we can use
Murphy’s theory on nine ways of characterization. a. Meaning
Holman and Harmon 81 define characterization as the creation of an imaginary person. The aim that lies beneath the creation is to make the imaginary person
exist for the readers or audiences as lifelike or seen as real. In addition, Rohrberger and Woods Jr. 20 say that characterization is a process applied by an
author to create a character. Thus, characterization can be defined as the process to create an imaginary person as lifelike so that the readers are able to accept him as
real person. b. Ways characterization
Related to characterizatio n of character, Murphy 161-173 mentions nine elements that can be used to determine the characteristics of a character. The
description of each element is as follows: 1 Personal description
The author can describe a person from his appearance and clothes. 2 Character as seen by another
Instead of describing a character directly, the author can describe a character through the eyes and opinions of another.
3 Speech The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the persons in
the book through what that person says. 4 Past life
By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life, the author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character.
5 Conversation of others
The author can also give us clues to a person’s character through the conversations of other people and the things they say about him.
6 Reactions The author can also give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us know
how that person reacts to various situations and events. 7 Direct comment
The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly. 8 Thoughts
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. 9 Mannerisms
The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies, which may also tell us something about his character.
As it is stated before that characterization is the creation of imaginary person that has to exist for the reader as lifelike, there are other methods of
characterization that is proposed by Holman and Harmon theory 81. The first method is the explicit presentation by the author of the character through direct
explanation either in an introductory block or illustrated by action. The second is the presentation of the character in action with the expectation that the reader will
be able to conclude the attributes of the actor from the actions. The last is the presentation from within character, without comment on the character by the
author, with the expectation that the reader will come to a clear understanding of the attributes of the character.
Another theory of characterization that can be used to determine character is proposed by Barnet 71-72. Barnet states four things to determine that the
character can be seen. The first is what the character the figure says. It means that the words that the character expresses through his opinion and dialogue which can
be a clue for the reader in order to know hisher characteristics. The second is what the character does. This refers to the action movement, body language, gestures
of the character that can be used to analyse the characteristics of the character. The third is what the other characters including the narrator of the story say about
him. It also includes the comments and opinions of other characters through a dialogue that can be used to analyse the character. The last one is what other
characters do and the description of the actions of other people toward a character whether they like the character or not and how they behave toward him.
4. Motivation
