Modality in stylistics is a feature which carries ideology. Verdonk 2002 already exerts that modality
in stylistics can reveal the speaker‟s judgment, attitude, and shows the speaker commitment of truth and validity 39. That is
why stylistics is the best approach to reveal the speakers‟ intentions.
C. Method of the Study
1. Data Collection
Data population is a group of data which shares similarity in the characteristics Best, 2006: 13
. In this case, the population refers to the modals in
both Melania Trump‟s and Ivanka Trump‟s campaign speeches. The writer takes all modals from the texts because the writer would like to obtain the function of
modality from the whole texts and contexts. To obtain all the data, sentential level of analysis is conducted. The
writer lists the sentences that contain modality. The writer uses the theory of modality to distinguish between modal adverb and auxiliary. To continue to the
deeper analysis of the function of modal toward the ideological reflection, the writer would like to categorize them according to the types that have been
explained in the previous chapter.
2. Data Analysis
In order to find out what is implied from the use of modality, the first thing the writer did was
categorizing all modality that appeared in Melania Trump‟s and Ivanka Trump‟s campaign speeches according to the categorization mentioned in
theoretical chapter. This was the crucial step to define what types of modality that
are employed in both speeches. However, a critical analysis was still needed because one modal does not only able to reflect one meaning.
To make the analysis easier, the writer made tables containing all sentences which have modality in it. The tables containing all sentences that have
modality of each speech will not be put in the analysis chapter. However, they were attached in the appendices. The example of the table is presented below.
Table 3.1 Sentences Containing Modality in the Speech
Code Sentence
Type of Modality Level
After the writer got the lists of all sentences, the writer starts to discuss the first problem formulation.The summary of the amount and percentage of each
type in each speech was presented in one table. After the summary is provided, the writer starts to analyze the modality in each speech. To see the distribution of
the modality, the writer made a table. This table consists of the type, total number, level, and its percentage. The last, the writer discussed each type of the modality
specifically by giving the examples and proofs. The table containing examples, levels, and, meanings of each type was presented to make it easier. Below, the
writer gives example of the tables that will used to manage the data.
Table 3.2 Summary of Modality in the Two Speeches Types of
Modality Melania Trump
Ivanka Trump
Number Percentage
Number Percentage
Table 3.3 The Distribution of the Type of Modality in Each Speech Type of
Modality Total No
Level
Percentage
High
Mid Low
Table 3.4 Summary of Each Type of Modality
No Code
Sentence Level
Meaning
In order to make the analysis easier, the writer used code for each sentence that contains modality. The sentences
containing modality in Melania Trump‟s speech were coded
with the initial of M, while Ivanka‟s with the initial of I. The second digit of the code is the number that shows the order of the sentence. As an
example, the code of the first sentence containing modality in Melania Trump‟s speech is M1, the second sentence is M2, and so on. On another hand, the code for
the first sentence containing modality in Ivanka‟s speech is I1, the second sentence is I2, and so on.
The next step was analyzing the sentence by including the contextual meaning. Each sentence which contains a modal will be described in a narrative
way to get a deeper understanding about what the sentence is about. This was the basic step to get to the intended purposes that are delivered by the speakers. In this
part, the type of modality is the most important aspect which influences the result of the analysis. After all the sentences containing modality were analyzed and
described, the writer defined the ideologies seen from the context. This was meant to
see whether the ideology reflected from the modality of Melania Trump‟s and Ivanka Trump‟s campaign speeches are similar or different.
