Objective of the Study Problems Formulation

9 and social activity in Mississippi. The Jackson mentioned as the background in the novel and this study is Jackson in early 1960s, where discrimination among colored people existed. There were many things happened in Jackson, early 1960s, mentioned in Kathryn Stockett’s The Help without any replenishment or reduction. In 1961 over three hundred Freedom Riders were arrested in Jackson and imprisoned for trying to integrate the city’s bus and train stations and the airport. In 1962 James Meredith became the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi, and two people were killed during protest riots. In 1963 Jackson saw business boycotts, a sit-in, protest marches, and mass arrests of demonstrators. In June, NAACP, derivation for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, field secretary Medgar Evers was assassinated in the driveway of his home in Jackson. 5. Paradigm Paradigms are like glasses. The lenses affect how people see the things outside the glasses Covey, 1998. The result is that people believe what they get from the view. Therefore, a paradigm is a person’s perception of reality and how people see the world. It is the interpretation of the events based on previous teaching they have received. The word paradigm used in this study is the way Aibileen Clark, Minny Jackson, and Eugenia ‘Skeeter’ Phelan see racism as crucial issues in Jackson, Mississippi, early 1960s. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 10

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of theories and studies related to the study and used to analyze and solve the problems in this study. There are four main parts in this chapter. The review of related studies consists of some studies which had been analyzed before. The review of related theories consists of some theories related to the study and directly relevant with the study. The review of socio-historical background consists of some reviews of African American maids in the 1960s. The theoretical framework explains the contribution of the theories and reviews to solve the problem of this study and how to apply them.

A. Review of Related Studies

In the following studies on The Help, the researcher reviewed three selected studies. The first study was conducted by F. Sabrina Cahyamita 2008 from English Language Education Study Program. The study is entitled Racial Equality as Perceived by the Three Main Characters in Kathryn Stockett’s The Help. The study is aimed to emphasize Stockett’s universal messages of racial equality. She used library study as the method of study. She also applied psychological approach and the socio cultural-historical approach to complete her study. The analysis showed that in general, racial equality is perceived as a condition in which naturally, all human beings are supposed to be equal, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI