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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
In order to carry out this research dealing with the topic, the writer needs to collect both the library and field data. He reads some books related to the topic.
This research is designed as a descriptive qualitative study. Descriptive research is designed to obtain information concerning the current status of
phenomena. They are directed toward determining the nature of situation, as it exists at the time of the study Ary, 1979: 259. One of the characteristics of the descriptive
research is that there is no control of treatment as in an experimental one. Since this study purely describes what errors on the use of simple past tense in recount writing
the students make, what the causes of errors are, and what problems the students face in writing recount text do, the writer concludes that descriptive research is
appropriate in this study. The results of this study are interpreted in chapter IV. The research is held in The Ark School Sidikalang at Jl. Dr. F.L. Tobing no.
41 Sidikalang after he gets permission from the principal of the school.
3.2 Data and Data Source
Data of this study consits of two sources. First source is students’ writing using simple past tense. The writer analyzes 15 writing tests out of 60 writing tests
done by the students at The Ark School Sidikalang. And the second source is the response given by the students when
interviewed by the writer.
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3.3 Data Collecting Procedure
In collecting the data, the writer chooses two instruments: Writing test and interview.
3.3.1 Writing Test
By using the instrument, the writer will be able to get the data of the students’ errors in using simple past tense. The instrument used is in the form of recount
writing. In this writing task, the students choose the topic Appendix I, and then write down their work on the paper which consists of minimal 100 words.
3.3.2 Interview
By interviewing the students doing the writing test the writer will get some causes why students make errors in using simple past tense. The writer asks
questions Appendix III to find out the causes.
The collection of the data will be held in May 2014 at the eleventh year students of The Ark School Sidikalang with the time allocated 60 minutes for the
writing test and 15 minutes for the questionnaire. The procedures of collecting the data are as follows:
a. The writer prepares the writing test instruments.
b. The writer explains how to write in recount writing.
c. The writer interviews the students.
d. The writer collects the data.
e. The writer analyzes the errors one by one.
f. The writer concludes the result of the interview.
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3.4 Data Analysis Technique
The technique of data analysis is an important part in research because by using the method, the writer can conclude the result of research. In this study, there
are some procedures of the data analysis done by the writer.
3.4.1 Writing Test
a. Identification of Errors
The writer identifies the errors made by the students in their writing viewed from morphology and syntax.
b. Classification of Errors
The writer classifies the errors into type based on surface strategy taxonomy, such as:
Errors of Omission
Errors of Addition
Errors of Misformation
Errors of Misordering
c. Evaluation
The writer tries to make conclusion about possible factors causing the errors. The factors can be categorized into overgeneralization, ignorance of rules
restriction, incomplete application of rules, and false concept hypothesis. From the result of data analysis and the interpretation is made.
3.4.2 Interview
To answer the second statement of the problems, the writer interviews the 15 students. It presents by making conclusion about possible factors causing the errors.
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The factors can be categorized into overgeneralization, ignorance of rules restriction, incomplete application of rules, and false concept hypothesis. From the result of data
analysis and the interpretation is made.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Data of this study consists of two sources. First source is student’s writing using simple past tense. And the second source is the responses given by the students
when interviewed by the writer. The writer analyzes 15 writing tests done by the students at The Ark School Sidikalang.
4.1 Data Analysis Table 1
Error Constructions
No Students’ Original Sentenes
Constructions Sex
Class Total
Sentences 1.
JT: -
It’s not a great holiday.
- I bored in everything
I did. -
I wake up. -
I breakfast. -
I could played. -
It is not fun JT:
- It was nota great
holiday. -
I was bored in everything I did.
- I woke up.
- I had breakfast.
- I could play.
- It was not fun
Female Grade
11th 6
2. RP:
RP: Female
Grade 5
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- We managed to held
a simple barbeque party.
- We didn’t know how
to grilled. -
He teached us. -
How to made. -
We looking for. -
We managed to hold a simple barbeque
party. -
We didn’t know how to grill.
- He taught us.
- How to make.
- We looked for.
11th
3. EMS:
- We planned to
played. -
We would played. -
I join. -
Chandra shooted. -
He want to attack. -
To made. -
We couldn’t made. -
We lose. -
We happy. -
To filled. EMS:
- We planned to play.
- We would play.
- I joined.
- Chandra shot.
- He wanted to attack.
- To make.
- We couldn’t make.
- We lost.
- We were happy.
- To fill.
Male Grade
11th 10
4. LS:
- We walked and
LS: -
We walked and Female
Grade 11th
2
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talking. -
She say goodbye. talked.
- She said goodbye.
5. KAS:
- I step on it.
- The blood was stop.
KAS: -
I stepped on it. -
The blood stopped. Female
Grade 11th
2
6. FS:
- This is a big chance
- -
This is the place. -
I wanted visit. -
Someone push me. -
I was dreamed. FS:
- This was a big
chance -
This was the place. -
I wanted to visit. -
Someone pushed me. -
I dreamed. Female
Grade 11th
5
7. HS:
- I went to visited my
friend. -
I very happy. -
I will meet my old friend.
- I don’t know.
- I try to ask someone.
HS: -
I went to visit my friend.
- I was very happy.
- I would meet my old
friend. -
I didn’t know. -
I tried to ask someone.
Male Grade
11th 8
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- But nobody know it.
- I try to ask an office
boy. -
Then he tell me. -
But nobody knew it. -
I tried to ask an office boy.
- Then he told me.
8. CS:
- I decided went to her
house. -
How surprised I am. CS:
- I decided to go to her
house. -
How surprised I was. Female
Grade 11th
2
9. YS:
- We would visited my
grandmother. -
I asked her when will we doing it.
- We would went.
- When i seeked my
phone. -
I can’t found it. YS:
- We would visit my
grandmother. -
I asked her when we would doit.
- We would go.
- When i sought my
phone. -
I couldn’t find it. Female
Grade 11th
5
10. DS: -
My big family come to my house.
DS: -
My big family came to my house.
Female Grade
11th 1
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11. DM: -
I go. -
To visited my friend. -
I don’t know. -
I ask to Herman. -
I was visited my friend.
- We have promise.
- I decide to cancel.
- I accompany him.
- Herman was came.
- I can’t forget.
- My friend was die.
DM: -
I went. -
To visit my friend. -
I didn’t know. -
I asked to Herman. -
I visited my friend.
- We had promise.
- I decided to cancel.
- I accompanied him.
- Herman came.
- I couldn’t forget.
- My friend died.
Male Grade
11th 11
12. NV: -
There an accident.
- We must flew.
- The accident are
caused by bad weather.
- I amazed.
- To saw.
- People so busy.
NV: -
There was an accident.
- We had to fly.
- The accident was
caused by bad weather.
- I was amazed.
- To see.
- People were so busy.
Female Grade
11th 8
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- People so lazy.
- It is caused many
unemployments. -
People were so lazy. -
It caused many unemployments.
13. NAS: -
My classmate went to visited our friend.
- We were heard it.
- We were visited her.
- We want went.
- We are so sad.
- We know it.
- There an event.
- The teacher
accompany us. -
We given some advices.
NAS: -
My classmate went to visit our friend.
- We heard it.
- We visited her.
- We wanted to go.
- We were so sad.
- We knew it.
- There was an event.
- The teacher
accompanied us. -
We gave some advices.
Female Grade
11th 9
14. NF: -
We payed. -
It is so dark. -
We walk. -
We surprised by NenekGayung.
NF: -
We paid. -
It was so dark. -
We walked. -
We were surprised by NenekGayung.
Female Grade
11th 11
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- We run so far.
- She invite us.
- We tired.
- They invite us.
- We find an exit door.
- We thankful to God.
- This is amazing.
- We ran so far.
- She invited us.
- We were tired.
- They invited us.
- We found an exit
door. -
We were thankful to God.
- This was amazing.
15. OS: -
I and my friends gather.
- We were spent our
time. -
To took a holiday. -
And also to visited. -
We were start our trip.
OS: -
My friends and I gathered.
- We spent our time.
- To take a holiday.
- And also to visit.
- We started our trip.
Male Grade
11th 5
Based on the table above, the writer finds 90 errors which are going to be analyzed.The writer will analyze the data to find out the types of errors and the
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causes of errors made by the students in using simple past tense when writing a recount text.
4.2 Findings 4.2.1 Types of Errors in using Simple Past Tense