24
It should be : You are
D. False Concepts Hypothesized
student
False concept hypothesized means basically errors are the result from faulty comprehension of distinction in the target language.
Example : He is not
It should be : He
visit us last holiday. did not
visit us last holiday.
2.5 English Tense
Tense has an important role in communicating both in spoken and written English. It helps people understand what they truly mean when saying a message.
Edward 2001:520 says that tense is a form of a verb that shows the time of an action on condition. If someone wants to talk about tense, he or she may not
escape from grammar because tense is a part of structure. Grammar may be roughly defined as the way a language manipulates and combines words in order to form
longer units of meaning. English language has sixteen different tenses. These sixteen tenses are
different one to another. The differences happen in the forms of the used verbs and the time of verbs action take place. In other words, we may say that an English verb
will be very important to its usages.
Simple Past Tense
Thompson 1986:162 says that simple past tense is used for an action whose time is not given but which occupied a period of time now interminated, or occured
at a moment in a period of time now interminated.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
25
Azar 1989:24 describes that the simple past tense indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past.
FORM S + [VERB +ed] or
Examples: irregular verb
Shevisitedyou
.
Didshevisityou?
Shedidnotvisityou.
Uses of Simple Past Tense: Use 1: Completed Action in the Past
Use the simple past tense to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually
mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. Examples:
Shehelpedmeyesterday.
Ididn’tunderstandtheproblem.
Lastweek,wetraveledtoTaiwan.
Lastweek,wedidn’ttraveltoBali.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26
Didyoumeethimlastnight?
Hewatchedtelevision.
Hedidn’tdohishomework.
Use 2: A Series of Completed Actions
We use the simple past tense to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1
st
, 2
nd
, trd, 4
th
, and so on. Examples:
IleftforJakarta, arrivedattheairport,
andmetmyfriend.
Shefinishedherhomework,wenttobed,andhadanicedream
. Didyouwritetheletter, gotopostoffice,
andmailit?
Use 3: Duration in Past
The simple past tense can be used with duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two
years, for five minutes, all years, etc. Examples:
IlivedinBaligefortwoyears. ValerinaLoisstudiedJapaneseforthreeyears.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
27
Theystudiedatthelibraryallday.
Theydidnotstayatthepartytheentiretime.
Wetalkedonthephoneforthirtyminutes.
Use 4: Habits in the Past
The simple past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as “used to”. To make it clear that we are talking
about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.
Examples:
IlearnttoswimwhenIwasachild.
Heplayedfootball.
Hedidn’tplayguitar.
Didyouplayamusicalinstrumentwhenyouwereakid?
Sheworkedinashopafterschool.
Theyneverwenttoschool, theyalwaysskippedclass.
Use 5: Past Facts Generalizations
Universitas Sumatera Utara
28
The simple past tense can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in Use 4 above, this use of the simple
past tense is quite similar to the expression “used to”. Examples:
Hedidn’tlikewatchingwesternmoviebefore
.
Shewasshyasachild,
butnowsheisveryoutgoing.
Didyouliveinavillagewhenyouwereakid?
Peoplepaidmuchmoretomakecellphonecallsinthepast.
2. 5 Recount Text
We use a recount to tell about a story or an event. Recounts are usually given in the order that the event occurred. Recounts can be:
a. Factual, such as a news story.
b. Procedural, such as telling someone how you built something.
c. Personal, such as a family holiday or your opinion on a subject.
Recount Text uses the following Generic Structure: a.
Orientation tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place, and when it happened.
b. Events tell what happened and in what sequence.
c. Reorientation consists of optional-closure of eventsending.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
29
Example: BEING LATE
Last morning, Dinar, my roommate woke up late and she had to go to campus.When she wanted to take her motorcycle, in fact she couldn’t move it
because there were some motorcycles that blocked up her motorcycle. She tried to move all of the motorcycles, so that her motorcycle could move
from the garage. But she couldn’t do it. Then, she called Adel who had that motorcycle which blocked it up. After
that, her friend who had that motorcycle helped her. Finally, she could move her motorcycle and rode it to go to campus.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
30
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
Kategori