degree. The more we exercise the metaphorical language, is better and quicker we understand the logic of a language, sentence, utterance, and proposition.
We can understand the different between literal sense and metaphorical sense of a term.
From the background of the research, the writer would like to analyze the metaphors in the novel of J.R.R. Tolkien titled The Lord of the Ring: The
Return of the King seen from the perspective of Rhetorical Theorist and
Logician such as: Kovecses 2002, Bradford 1997, Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Richards 1936, Tarski 1933 and others. Then, the title of this
research is “Metaphor in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King”.
B. Focus of the Research
This research focuses on: 1. Metaphor in the novel The Lord of the Ring: The Return of the King
which drawn emotional responses and provoke in reader’s mind. 2. Types of metaphor that relate in the novel according to its theories.
C. Research Questions
The questions in this research are: 1. What types of metaphor are utilized in the novel?
2. What do the utilized metaphors mean?
D. Significance of the Research
1. Understanding and describing the types of metaphorical language in the novel The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
2. Describing the meaning of the utilized metaphor between metaphorical meaning and literal meaning with logic.
E. Methodology of the Research 1.
Method and Data Collection
The research uses the qualitative method, which describes the metaphorical language on J.R.R. Tolkien novel The Lord of the Rings:
The Return of the King and the meaning of that kinds of language. The
data of metaphors are collected from the novel. The data will be classified into their types then described their meaning.
2. Data Analysis
In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis technique. Here, the writer will explore about metaphorical language in this novel
by close reading, classify them into kinds or types of metaphor language. Then, when the data was complete, the writer will analyze
the meaning of those metaphors based on the theory of metaphor itself.
3. Unit of Analysis
Unit of analysis that is used in this research is a J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King copyright 1955
renewed 1994 by Christopher R. Tolkien, printed by Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, USA.
4. Instrument of Research
The instrument of this research is the writer himself, as the subject of the research by reading and selecting the metaphors from the novel,
and also reading other references that support to analyze this research.
5. Time and Place
The research starts from eighth semesters in 2006-2007 on February 2007 and accomplish in eleventh semesters in 2008-2009
currently at December 2008. All the process of the research was done in the writer’s house in Kavling Kedaung, Ciputat.
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A. Introduction
Chapter 2 lays the theoretical framework of this research for the integrated study of metaphor. It starts with the understanding of the novel The
Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. Then, followed by common and
familiar ideas about the issues of figurative language in a novel or text, the logic of language, especially in a metaphor, the view of metaphor in general
and last is the assortment of metaphor. It then refines these ideas by presenting careful definitions, adding needed examples and so that in later
parts, Chapter Three, we can get a clear and vivid explanation about metaphor in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
B. Understanding of the Novel
On the background of the research, the writer already gives a little explanation about a novel. Now, there are novels, like journeys, which we
never want to end. They act as satire for life and compensate for its shortcomings. The writer believed that novelist writes not only in response to
life, but also in reaction to other novelist from a grub of dissatisfaction. No modern novel on the face of fantasy could be more conventional.
The Lord of the Rings is stiff with last two centuries godfathers. Among other
influences like The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis 1950, Frankenstein by Maria Shelley 1818, Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Caroll 1865, which
Tolkien pronounced perfect. Love, honor, pity, pride, compassion, and sacrifice, The Lord of the
Rings satisfies each of metaphor’s varieties. It has its roots in the Ancient
World, where Gods, men, and other myth legends live together, but is not of it. It is a twentieth century novel written with the sensibilities of today’s
world. The other reason why the writer chooses this novel is that it contains moral lesson of life. It is unique creation and one of the most passionate and
poetic novel of English literature. The author received a higher education, a professor of literature, and wrote from his experience during World War I.
When it had published, it became one of the most popular and greatest novels of art.
Novel consists of words, evenly and democratically spaced; though some may acquire higher social rank by italicization or capitalization. In most
novels, this democracy spreads wider; every word is as important as every other word. In better novels, certain words have a higher specific gravity than
other words. This is something the better novelist does not draw attention too, but lets the better reader discover.
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Gerald Levin, Prose Models, New York, USA: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1981, pp. 154-155
From the statement above, the writer, conclude that the novelists cannot deal directly to the senses but must play on the imagination and then must
translate the arbitrary symbol of language that has different values for every reader into emotional and rational reactions, which will create the illusion of
sense impressions. Yet he must to be successful evoke a feeling of presence and presentness in the minds of the readers.
C. Meaning of Figurative Language
