3. Being emphatic about something express solidarity
As usual, when someone who is talking using a language that is not his native language suddenly wants to be emphatic about something, he either intentionally or
unintentionally, will switch from his second language to his first language. Or, on the other hand, he switches from his second language to his first language because he feels
more convenient to be emphatic in his second language rather that in his first language.
4. Interjection inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors
Interjection is words or expressions, which are inserted into a sentence to convey surprise, strong emotion, or to gain attention. Interjection is a short exclamation like:
Darn, Hey, Well, Look, etc. They have no grammatical value, but speaker uses them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing.
Language switching and language mixing among bilingual or multilingual people can sometimes mark an interjection or sentence connector. It may happen unintentionally.
The following are examples of the usage of interjection in sentences: 1. Indonesian_English
Dompetku ketinggalan di taksi Shitt My wallet was left in the taxi
2. Spanish_English Gumperz, 1982:77 Chicano professionals saying goodbye, and after having been introduced by a
third speaker, talking briefly: A : Well, I’m glad to meet you.
B : Andale pues O.K.Swell. And do come again. Mm?
5. Repetition used for clarification
When a bilingual or multilingual person wants to clarify his speech so that it will be understood better by listener, he can sometimes use both of the languages codes that
he masters to say the same message. Frequently, a message in one code is repeated in the other code literally. A repetition is not only served to clarify what is said, but also to
amplify or emphasize a message. For example :
English_Hindi Gumperz, 1982:78 Father calling his small son while walking through a train compartment, “Keep
straight. Sidha jao” keep straight.
6. Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor
When bilingual or multilingual person talks to another bilingualmultilingual, there will be lots of code switching and code mixing occurs. It means to make the content of his
speech runs smoothly and can be understood by the listener. A message in one code is repeated in the other code in somewhat modified form.
7. Expressing group identity Code switching and code mixing can also be used to express group identity. The
way of communication of academic people in their disciplinary groupings, are obviously different from the other groups. In other words, the way of communication of one
community is different from the people who are out of the community. Saville-Troike 1986:69 also gives some additional reasons for bilingual and
multilingual person to switch or mix their languages, these are:
8. To soften or strengthen request or command
Kategori