CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE PRESENTERS ON RRI STATION MEDAN.
CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCffiN(; USED BY
0 .&D"li """\ ",_~'AfiON
'I< .r' .JT~'nS ." . r.~A:
ON RR1f
THE
. PRES _
.
t;:'lM. :a.... ~-'
~ .'~
.
_ .
.s. .
MEDAN
A THESIS
Submitted to the English 1\.pplied Linguistics Study Pro am in Partial
•u1fillment of The Requirements for ~ he Degree of Magister
Humaniom
By
~EPNDI
NAri.fttt!LlJJ
Registration Number : 055010191
PLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
TE SCHOO STATE UNIVERS
OF
MEDAN
2010
A Thesis
CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY
THE PRESENTERS ON RRI RADIO STATION
ME DAN
SEPENDI NAPITUPULU
Registration Number: 055010191
English Applied Linguistic Study Program
Postgraduate School
Approval by
Adviser commission
Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D
//
lferlk Manullan
71015 197412 1001
Approval of Board of Examiners
Thesis Examiners of Magister Humaniora
Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP· 19440302196902001
Prof Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
NIP : 195501131982031002
>
Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd
NIP : 196104251986012001
Prof. Dr. Busmin Guf!ling, M.Pd
NIP: 195907131986011001
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Praise be to God, the "Almighty" the "Merciful" and the "Most Beneficial"
for His Mercy, Grace, and love that has been poured to the writer in completing
his task in order to achieve the degree of Magister Humanior:a at the English
Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State U
Medan.
This study would have never been fully accomplished withou the full
support anct assistance of many people. It would
be impossible to list all
names, but some very special persons deserve his deepest gratitude.
First, Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D., his First Adviser and Head of
the English Applied Linguistics Study Program, for her encouragement, ideas,
suggestions, and corrections, in order to complete this study. Second, his
special indebtedness goes to Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D., his second Adviser, for
the time spent in giving the direct guidance, suggestions, criticisms, corrections,
and endless support until this thesis appears in its present form.
Next, the writer would like to take this opportunity to extend his sin
thankfulness to all the lecturers who have taught the sound knowledge and
during ttle three semesters' study, and especially to Prof. Tina Marian'l
~rifn,
M.A., Ph.D, Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D., Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., Prof. Dr.
Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. and Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., as reviewer and
the thesis.
II
The writer also would like to thanks to the Director and staffs of RRI Pro2
FM Medan, who has given him full support and encouragment during his
research at the RRI Medan Station.
The most precious appreciation is expressed to all his friends in Past
Graduated School, State University of Medan,
. Bachtiar, Mr. Budi, Mr.
Pahotan and especially Mis Erlita P. and others, who can not be mentined one
by one for this mental support, encouragement and suggestien m writing this
Finally his special thanks of gratitude is directed to his beloved wife, Ora.
Hennita Purba and daughter Annette and Andrea for their fidelity, love,
understanding and care without complaining for less attention given to them
during finishing this study.
May God bless us!.
Medan,
lVI
lll
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................
iv
vii
1
CHAPTER II
-z
?
1.2.
The Problem of the Study ............. ........... .. ......... .
1.3.
The Objectives of the Study ................. ........... .....
1.4.
The Scope of the Study ............................ .......... .
1.5.
The Significance of the Study ... ................ ....... ... .
3
THEORETICAL ORIENTATION .....................................
2.1
Bilingualism .................................................. ....... .
2.2
Sociolinguistics ...................................................
2.2.1. Problems in Sociolinguistics ...................... .
m
2.3
Code ................... ............................................... .
2.4
Code-Mixing .........................................................
16
2.4.1. The Use of Factors Influencing of Code-MiKihg 18
2.4.2. The Caution Factors of Code-Mixing..........
20
2.4.3. Types of Code-Mixing ................................
21
2.4.4. The Reasons for Code-Mixing ...................
24
Code Switching .......... .............. .. ..... ...... .... ...... ..
25
27
iv
2.5.2. Metaphorical Code-Switching ....... .............
30
2.5.3.Conversational Code-Switching..................
30
2.5.4. Taq-Switching ...........................................
32
2.5.5. lntersential Code-Switching .......... ............
33
2..5.6. lntrasentential Code-Switching..................
33
Radio ..................................................................
33
2.6.1. Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI).................
34 _
2.6.2. RRI PRO 2 FM RADIO Station .......... .......
36
CHAPTER Ill DESCRIPTIVE METHOD ...............................................
37
3.1
Research Method ................. .......... .....................
37
3.2.
Data and The Source...........................................
37
3.3
Instrument Data Collection ................................. .
3.4
Technique For Data Analysis .............................. .
CHAPTER IV OATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ................................
z
~
C APTER V
4.1
Description of Data ............................................
4.2
Data Analysis ..................................................... .
4.3
Findings ............................................................. .
4.4
Discussions ........................................................ .
39
39
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................ .
5.1
Conclusions ........................................................
58
5.2
Suggestions ................. ........ ... ....... ...... ..... ..........
59
61
63
v
ABSTRACT
Napitupulu Sependi, 055010191. Code mixing and code switching used by the
Presenters on RRI Station Medan. A thesis : English Applied Linguistics
Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2010.
This research deals with code mixing and code switching performed by the
Presenters RRJ Station Medan. It investigates the types of code mixmg and
code switching and the dominant types of them performed by the Presenters
RRI Station Medan. It also intends to discover dominantly performing code
mixing and code switching. The data were collected from seven days of
recording on program at RRI Station Medan. The transcription was co®
0 .&D"li """\ ",_~'AfiON
'I< .r' .JT~'nS ." . r.~A:
ON RR1f
THE
. PRES _
.
t;:'lM. :a.... ~-'
~ .'~
.
_ .
.s. .
MEDAN
A THESIS
Submitted to the English 1\.pplied Linguistics Study Pro am in Partial
•u1fillment of The Requirements for ~ he Degree of Magister
Humaniom
By
~EPNDI
NAri.fttt!LlJJ
Registration Number : 055010191
PLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
TE SCHOO STATE UNIVERS
OF
MEDAN
2010
A Thesis
CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING USED BY
THE PRESENTERS ON RRI RADIO STATION
ME DAN
SEPENDI NAPITUPULU
Registration Number: 055010191
English Applied Linguistic Study Program
Postgraduate School
Approval by
Adviser commission
Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D
//
lferlk Manullan
71015 197412 1001
Approval of Board of Examiners
Thesis Examiners of Magister Humaniora
Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP· 19440302196902001
Prof Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
NIP : 195501131982031002
>
Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd
NIP : 196104251986012001
Prof. Dr. Busmin Guf!ling, M.Pd
NIP: 195907131986011001
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Praise be to God, the "Almighty" the "Merciful" and the "Most Beneficial"
for His Mercy, Grace, and love that has been poured to the writer in completing
his task in order to achieve the degree of Magister Humanior:a at the English
Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State U
Medan.
This study would have never been fully accomplished withou the full
support anct assistance of many people. It would
be impossible to list all
names, but some very special persons deserve his deepest gratitude.
First, Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D., his First Adviser and Head of
the English Applied Linguistics Study Program, for her encouragement, ideas,
suggestions, and corrections, in order to complete this study. Second, his
special indebtedness goes to Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D., his second Adviser, for
the time spent in giving the direct guidance, suggestions, criticisms, corrections,
and endless support until this thesis appears in its present form.
Next, the writer would like to take this opportunity to extend his sin
thankfulness to all the lecturers who have taught the sound knowledge and
during ttle three semesters' study, and especially to Prof. Tina Marian'l
~rifn,
M.A., Ph.D, Prof. M. Silitonga, Ph.D., Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., Prof. Dr.
Busmin Gurning, M.Pd. and Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., as reviewer and
the thesis.
II
The writer also would like to thanks to the Director and staffs of RRI Pro2
FM Medan, who has given him full support and encouragment during his
research at the RRI Medan Station.
The most precious appreciation is expressed to all his friends in Past
Graduated School, State University of Medan,
. Bachtiar, Mr. Budi, Mr.
Pahotan and especially Mis Erlita P. and others, who can not be mentined one
by one for this mental support, encouragement and suggestien m writing this
Finally his special thanks of gratitude is directed to his beloved wife, Ora.
Hennita Purba and daughter Annette and Andrea for their fidelity, love,
understanding and care without complaining for less attention given to them
during finishing this study.
May God bless us!.
Medan,
lVI
lll
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................
iv
vii
1
CHAPTER II
-z
?
1.2.
The Problem of the Study ............. ........... .. ......... .
1.3.
The Objectives of the Study ................. ........... .....
1.4.
The Scope of the Study ............................ .......... .
1.5.
The Significance of the Study ... ................ ....... ... .
3
THEORETICAL ORIENTATION .....................................
2.1
Bilingualism .................................................. ....... .
2.2
Sociolinguistics ...................................................
2.2.1. Problems in Sociolinguistics ...................... .
m
2.3
Code ................... ............................................... .
2.4
Code-Mixing .........................................................
16
2.4.1. The Use of Factors Influencing of Code-MiKihg 18
2.4.2. The Caution Factors of Code-Mixing..........
20
2.4.3. Types of Code-Mixing ................................
21
2.4.4. The Reasons for Code-Mixing ...................
24
Code Switching .......... .............. .. ..... ...... .... ...... ..
25
27
iv
2.5.2. Metaphorical Code-Switching ....... .............
30
2.5.3.Conversational Code-Switching..................
30
2.5.4. Taq-Switching ...........................................
32
2.5.5. lntersential Code-Switching .......... ............
33
2..5.6. lntrasentential Code-Switching..................
33
Radio ..................................................................
33
2.6.1. Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI).................
34 _
2.6.2. RRI PRO 2 FM RADIO Station .......... .......
36
CHAPTER Ill DESCRIPTIVE METHOD ...............................................
37
3.1
Research Method ................. .......... .....................
37
3.2.
Data and The Source...........................................
37
3.3
Instrument Data Collection ................................. .
3.4
Technique For Data Analysis .............................. .
CHAPTER IV OATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ................................
z
~
C APTER V
4.1
Description of Data ............................................
4.2
Data Analysis ..................................................... .
4.3
Findings ............................................................. .
4.4
Discussions ........................................................ .
39
39
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................ .
5.1
Conclusions ........................................................
58
5.2
Suggestions ................. ........ ... ....... ...... ..... ..........
59
61
63
v
ABSTRACT
Napitupulu Sependi, 055010191. Code mixing and code switching used by the
Presenters on RRI Station Medan. A thesis : English Applied Linguistics
Postgraduate School, State University of Medan. 2010.
This research deals with code mixing and code switching performed by the
Presenters RRJ Station Medan. It investigates the types of code mixmg and
code switching and the dominant types of them performed by the Presenters
RRI Station Medan. It also intends to discover dominantly performing code
mixing and code switching. The data were collected from seven days of
recording on program at RRI Station Medan. The transcription was co®