RESEARCH FINDINGS

A.1.5 Literal Translation

The most dominant technique used by the translator in translating the song lyrics is literal translation. Literal translation is a technique that is used translator to translate a word or an expression word for word. Most of the data in this research are translated literally.

The list of data using this technique can be seen in the table below: Table. 4.5. Table of Literal translation

Technique

Data number

Total Percentage Literal translation

1,3,4,5,6,8,12,18,21,22,25,26,28,29,31,32, 37,38,41,42,44,45,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,56, 57,58,59,60,61,63,64,65,66,67,68,70,73,76,

149 59.1%

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98,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108, 110, 111,112,113,114,117, 121,122,124,125,133,137,140,142,143,145, 150,151,152,154,155,157,158,159,163,164, 165,166,168,169,173,176,177,178,179,181, 182,183,184,185,188,189,192,193,194,195, 198,199,200,201,203,204,205,212,214,216, 219,220,221,222,224,226,227,228,231,232, 233,234,235,237,239,241,242,243,244,247, 248,249,250,251,252

Example: Datum 1: 1 / A / 00:00:59 ST

: The evening star is shinning bright

TT

: Bintang malam bersinar terang

This song entitled “Down in New Orleans”. This song is the prologue of

this movie. From the example above, it indicates that the translator applies literal translation and does not find any difficulties to translate this sentence, since this is

a simple sentence. Datum 56: 56 / C / 00:13:18 ST

: But, I‟ve climbed the mountain

TT

: Tapi telah kudaki gunung

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The datum above taken from song entitled “Almost there”. This song is sung by Tiana, she expresses her feeling that she is more getting closer to her dream.

In the example above, the translator applies literal translation and makes some adjustments by rearranging the structure. It can be seen that it is translated

word for word into “Tetapi aku telah mendaki gunung”, and then the translator makes some adjustments such as word “tetapi” changed into “tapi” and the subject “aku” moved and become one with verb “daki”. However, the final translation is “tapi telah kudaki gunung”.

The researcher finds that literal translation tends to be the most dominant technique applied by translator when he/she is translating simple sentence.

A.1.6 Reduction

Reduction is a technique that is applied by omitting information item of ST in the TT.

The number of data belongs to this technique are listed below: Table. 4.6. Table of Reduction

Technique

Data number

Total Percentage Reduction 13,19,23,39,43,72,82,99,109,123,131,148,

162,167, 175,196,202,206,207,209,225,245

22 8.7%

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Datum 23: 23 / B / 00:07:16 ST

: Come on down here and give us try

TT

: Kemari datanglah

The datum above is a line of song entitled “Down in New Orleans”. This song describes the setting of the New Orleans, a small town which is full of music

and happiness. In the example above, the translator applies reduction technique. As we can see that translator deletes sentence “and give us try” and only translates that sentence into “kemari datanglah”. This is not appropriate decision to reduce that clause, because that datum is not long sentence, and still obeys the rules of subtitle if translated literally.

Datum 209: 209 / H / 00:12:56 ST

: We had‟em all in here

TT

: (untranslated)

The datum above taken from song entitled “Dig a little deeper”. This song was sung by The Queen of Voodoo called Mama Odie. This datum belongs to reduction, since the translator does not translate it. However, the translator might consider that datum is repetition of previous lyrics, so, is not translated, to make it effective in target language.

The translator tends to apply this technique when he/she translates the repetition of previous line in a song and a long sentence that he/she considers will break the rules of subtitle.

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This part will discuss the translation quality of song lyrics in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability of a cartoon movie entitled The Princess and the Frog. The researcher involves three raters who have certain qualifications to asses the accuracy and the acceptability of the translation. They are Herianto Nababan, S.S. M.Hum (Rater 1), Sumardiono, S.S. M.Hum (Rater 2) and Yunita Widiantari, S.S. M.Hum (Rater 3).

A.2.1. Accuracy

Accuracy is one of the components for assessing the quality of translation. Accuracy deals with how the message of source language conveyed correctly into target language. The accuracy of the translation is analyzed based on the score given by the raters. To determine the accuracy of the translation the three raters were asked to rate the questionnaires that consists of 252 data. Besides, they were asked to give comments or suggestions about the accuracy of the translation.

The accuracy of the translation is measured based on the following scale:

Table.4.7. Scale of accuracy

Scale

Description

3 Accurate, the message of song lyric is perfectly conveyed into Indonesian language.

2 Less Accurate, the message of song lyric is less perfectly conveyed into Indonesian language.

1 Inaccurate, the message of song lyric is not conveyed correctly into Indonesian language.

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Below is the classification table of accuracy of song lyrics of The Princess and the Frog cartoon movie.

Table 4.8. Table of accuracy level

Classification

Data Number

Total Percentage Accurate

1,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19, 20,21,22,24,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34, 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,44,45,46,48,49, 50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62, 63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75, 76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88, 89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,100,101, 102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110, 111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119, 120,121,122,123,124,125,126,129,130, 131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139, 140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148, 149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157, 158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,167, 168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176, 177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185, 186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194, 195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,

239 94.8%

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216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224, 225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233, 234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242, 243, 245,246,247,248, 249,250,251,252,

Less accurate

In the table above, there are 252 data which consist of 239 data or 94. 8% are classified in classification A or accurate, 10 data or 4% are classified in classification B or less accurate and 3 data or 1.2% are classified in classification

C or inaccurate.

A.2.1.1 Classification A: Accurate translation

This classification consists of data that considered as accurate translation. 239 data (94.8% from the total data) are classified in this classification. Here is the data that considered being accurate translation:

Datum 1: 1/A/ 00:00:59 SL

: The evening star is shining bright

TL

: Bintang malam bersinar terang

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prologue of “The Princess and the frog” cartoon movie. The datum above considered to be accurate translation, a sentence “the evening star is shinning bright” translated into “bintang malam bersinar terang” in the target language.

Datum 54: 54/C/00:13:18 SL

: Ain‟t got time for messing around

TL

: Tak ada waktu untuk bermain-main

The example above taken from a song entitled “Almost there”. It is sung

by Tiana, when she is showing her restaurant to her mother, her mother gives advice to her to get married and enjoy her own life, but she refuses that idea then she said “Ain‟t got time messing around”.

As we can see “Ain‟t got time” is translated into “tak ada waktu” and there is an idiom “messing around” that is translated into “bermain-main”. And it does

not influence the meaning of the message. That is why it is considered as being accurate translation because the message conveyed accurately into target language.

Datum 90: 90/D/00:17:56 SL

: You been pushed around all your life

TL

: Seumur hidup kau selalu didominasi The example above is a line of song entitled “Friend on the other side”.

This song is sung by Dr. Facilier when he tells a fortune of Lawrence.

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“all your life” that is put in the end of the sentence is translated into “Seumur hidup ” but, in the target language this phrase is put in the beginning of sentence.

Although the sentence form is changing, this datum is considered to be accurate translation because the message is conveyed accurately into the target language.

Datum 200: 200/H/00:12:56 SL

: Don't matter what you look like

TL

: Tak masalah seperti apa rupamu This datum taken from song entitled “Dig a little deeper”, this song is

sung by Mama Odie, the queen of voodoo. The datum above is considered being accurate translation, the technique that is used by translator is literal translation, the target text “don‟t matter what you look like” translated into “tak masalah seperti apa rupamu”. Actually, that sentence can be simplified into “tak masalah seperti apa kau”. However, the

sentence above is considered as being accurate because conveyed message accurately.

A.2.1.2. Classification B: Less accurate translation

This classification consists of data that considered being less accurate translation which means if the message of the source language is less accurately conveyed into the target language. There are 10 data or 4% from all of data belong to this classification.

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SL

: Hear what I‟m saying, it makes you feel alright

TL

: Percayalah itu akan membuatmu merasa lebih baik The datum above is taken from a song entitled “Down in New Orleans”; this song describes the situation and habit of people in New Orleans that have close relation with magic, such as voodoo and hoodoo.

The datum above is considered being less accurate, because a clause of “Hear what I‟m saying” is not translated. It would be better if the clause “Hear what I‟m saying, it makes you feel alright” in the source language is translated into “dengarlah, itu akan membuatmu merasa lebih baik” in the target language.

Datum 47: 43/ C/00:13:18. SL

: I remember Daddy told me, fairytales can come true TL

: Aku ingat perkataan ayah, dongeng menjadi kenyataan The data above is a line of a song entitled “Almost there”, this song is sung by Tiana when she talking to her mother. The data above is considered to be less accurate translation. Because there is a distort ion of word “can”. In this case, “can” should be translated into the target language. The sentence “I remember Daddy told me, fairytales can come true ” in source text should be translated into “Aku ingat kata ayah, dongeng bisa jadi nyata”.

Datum 99: 99/D/00:17:56 SL

: Won't you shake the poor sinner's hand?

TL

: Sudikah kalian menjabat tanganku?

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This song entitled “Friends on the other side”, it is sung by Dr. Facilier when he tells a fortune of Prince Naveen and Lawrence, and this is the time when Prince Naveen is being cursed to become frog.

This data is considered to be less accurate translation. Because there is a phrase that not translated correctly into the target language. The phrase is “the

poor sinner‟s hand”. The data above “Won‟t you shake the poor sinner‟s hand?”, only translated into “sudikah kalian menjabat tanganku”. To make it accurate in the target language it must be translated into “sudikah kalian menjabat tangan orang hina ini ?”

A.2.1.3. Classification C: Inaccurate translation

Inaccurate translation means if the message of song lyrics are not conveyed correctly into Indonesian language. This classification covers all of data that have mean score 1.0-1.9; there are 3 data or 1.2% from all of data that belong to be inaccurate translation.

Example: Datum 127:127/E/00:37:30 SL

: „Til the cows come home

TL

: Selama mungkin The datum above is a line of song entitled “when we’re human”. This

song is sung by Tiana, Prince Naveen and Louise. This song is a kind of imagination of them if someday they were human.

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text is “Til the cows come home” should be translated into “sampai ternak pulang ke kandang ”, only translated into “selama mungkin” in the target language. That‟s

why, it is considered as being inaccurate translation. Datum 209: 209/ H/ 00:12:56 SL

: We had „em all in here

TL

: (not translated) The data above is a part of song entitled “Dig a little deeper”, this song is sung by Mama Odie. The data above is considered as being inaccurate translation, because the message is totally omitted and does not convey message accurately. It would be better if the data above translated into “Kita punya semuanya disini”.

A.2.2 Acceptability

This part will describe research findings of acceptability level. Acceptability deals with the natural feeling of the text as an original of the target readers. The data are gained from three raters who were asked to rate the questionnaires to determine the acceptability of the translation. It is open questionnaire in order they give comments or suggestions about the acceptability of the translation.

The acceptability of the translation is measured based on the following scale:

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Scale

Description

3 Acceptable, the translation song lyrics sound natural and appropriate with Indonesian‟s culture based on the context of

situation. They almost do not feel like translation.

2 Less Acceptable, the translations of song lyrics sound like translation. There are some displeasing terms and sound less natural for Indonesian‟s culture.

1 Unacceptable, the translation of song lyrics extremely sound like translation and unacceptable for Indonesian‟s culture.

The classification table of acceptability of song lyrics of The Princess and the Frog cartoon movie as follows: Table 4.10. Table of acceptability level

Classification

Data Number

Total Percentage

Acceptability 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,

18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,31, 32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57, 58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70, 71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83, 84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96, 97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,

249 98.8%

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116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124, 125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133, 134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142, 143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151, 152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160, 161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169, 170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178, 179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187, 188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196, 197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205, 206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214, 215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223, 224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232, 233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241, 242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250, 251,252,

Less acceptable

30

1 0.4%

Unacceptable 197, 209

2 0.8%

TOTAL

252 100%

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98.8% that are classified in classification A or acceptable, 1 data or 0.4% are classified in classification B or less acceptable and 2 data or 0.8% is classified in classification C or unacceptable.

A.2.2.2 Classification A: Acceptable translation

Data that included in this classification is data that the translation song lyrics sound natural and appropriate with Indonesian‟s culture based on the context of situation. They almost do not feel like translation. This classification consists of 249 data or 98.8%, the mean score of this classification is 2.6-3.0.

Example: Datum 3:3/A/ 00:00:59 SL

: There‟s magic in the air tonight

TL

: Ada keajaiban di udara malam ini

The example above is a part of a song entitled “Down in New Orleans”.

This song is a prologue song of the movie. The data above is considered to be acceptable translation. Although, the sentence is translated literally, the translation sounds natural and appropriate in the target language, because there are no uncommon terms in the target language.

Datum 97: 97/D/00:17:56 SL

: Shake my hand

TL

: Jabat tanganku

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The example above is a line of a song entitled “Friends on the other side” ”. It is sung by Dr. Facilier when he tells a fortune of Prince Naveen and

Lawrence. This is the time when Prince Naveen being cursed become frog.

The data above is considered to be acceptable translation, the translation sounds natural and appropriate in target language, and it does not feel like translation.

Datum 249: 249/ H/ 00:12:56 SL

: Let in the light, children

TL

: Biarkan cahaya masuk, anak-anak This is a line of a song entitled “Gonna take you there”, it is sung by

Raymond, when he lead Tiana, Prince Naveen, and Louise to Mama Odie‟s place.

The translation is considered to be acceptable translation, because the translation sounds natural in the target language and translated into target language appropriately .

A.2.2.2 Classification B: Less acceptable translation

This classification consists of the translations of song lyrics that sound like translation. There are some displeasing terms and sound less natural for

Indonesian‟s culture. However, this classification covers data with mean score

2.0- 2.5, there is only 1 datum or 0.4% from the entire data. Example: Datum 30: 30/C/00:13:18 SL

: That‟s just gonna have to wait a while

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The example above is a line of a song entitled “Almost there”, it is sung by Tiana when her mother asked her to get married and forget her dream, but she

thought that those things can wait for a while. The data above is considered to be less acceptable. The translation sounds clumsy and meaningless in the target language.

A.2.2.3 Classification C: Unacceptable translation

This classification covers data with mean score 1.0-1.9, there are 2 data or 0.8% from all of data belong to this classification. It means that the translation of

song lyrics extremely sound like translation and unacceptable for Indonesian‟s culture.

Example: Datum 197: 197/G/00:08:13 SL

: Mais oui!

TL

: Mais oiu (ya) The example above is a line of a song entitled “Ma Belle Evangeline”. It is sung by Ray to show everyone how he adores his girlfriend. He says “Mais oui” which means “Yes” in France language.

Although the translator gives the meaning of that word which is put in the bracket, the example above is considered to be unacceptable translation. Because “Mais oui” is not known in the Indonesian language,

Datum 209: 209/H/00:12:56

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: We had „em all in here

TL

: (untranslated)

This is a line of a song entitled “Dig a little deeper”. It is sung by Mama Odie “The Queen of Voodoo” when Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louise and Raymond come to her house to ask her help.

The datum above is considered to be unacceptable translation, because the translator did not translate it into the target language. However, it would be better if that sentence translated into the Indonesian language.

A.2.3. Readability

Readability has important part of establishing the quality of translation. It deals with how the translation easy to understand by readers. The data were gained from questionnaire given to the three respondents, the questionnaire contains 251 data; the data are the translation in target language only. It is an open questionnaire in order that they can give any comment.

The readability of the song lyrics translation in the target text is measured by the scales below:

Table. 4.11. The scale of readability

Scale

Description

1 Difficult to understand, if the translation of song lyric can not be understood, the readers can not understand although the translation has been read many times.

2 Rather easy to understand, if the translation of song lyric is less easy to

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3 Easy to understand; if the translation of song lyric understandable after the readers read it once.

The respondents are between 17 and 23 years old to assess the readability of the song lyrics translation. After having taken the questionnaire back from the respondents, the researcher made a calculation to determine the mean of each datum. Then, the researcher counted the mean of the acceptability score given by the three raters.

The classification table of readability of the song lyrics in The Princess and the Frog cartoon movie is as follows:

Table. 4.12. Table of Readability level

Classification

Data Number

Total Percentage Readable

1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8, 10, 11, 12, 13,

14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22 ,23, 24, 25,

26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 32, 34,

35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,

44, 45 ,46 ,47, 48 ,49, 50, 51, 52,

53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,

62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,

71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,

81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,

90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,

240 95.6%

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106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 ,140 ,141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 ,154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 187, 188, 184, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212 ,213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 ,224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251,

Less Readable

9, 18, 19, 74, 121, 186, 193, 199

8 3.2%

Unreadable

20, 185, 197,

3 1.2%

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The table shows that from the 251 data, there are 240 data or 95.6%, which are readable, 8 data or 3.2% are less readable and 3 data or 1.2% is unreadable. Mostly, the translations are readable.

A.2.3.1. Classification A: Readable translation

Classification A consists of all data that are considered readable in the target language. The readers can understand the meaning of the translation easily. Most of the data belong to this classification. 240 data 95.6% of the entire data belong to this classification.

Example: Datum 1:1/A/00:00:59 SL

: The evening star is shinning bright

TT

: Bintang malam bersinar terang The datum above is taken from a song entitled “Down in New Orleans

(Prologue)”; this song appears in the beginning of the movie. The datum above considered as readable translation, because it is a simple

sentence, and the readers need not to read this sentence twice to understand the message.

Datum 166:166/F/00:45:11 ST

: We're gonna take ya all the way down

TT : Kami akan mengantar kalian, sepanjang jalan ke sana

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this song is sung by Ray, when he leads Tiana, Price Naveen and Louise to meet Mama Odie.

The data above are classified into readable translation. However, the sentence is a simple sentence and the reader does not find any difficulties to understand that sentence.

A.2.3.2. Classification B: Less readable translation

This classification consists of the data that are considered less readable. The respondents find difficulties to understand the message of the translation text. However, there are 8 data or 3.2% of the entire data which belongs to this classification.

Example: Datum 121:121/E/00:37:30 ST

: You've heard of Louis Amstrong, Mr. Sidney Bechet? TT

: Kalian pernah dengar Louis Amstrong, Tn. Sidney Bechet? This is a line of the song entitled “When we’re human”; it is sung by

Louise who wants to be jazz musician. He mentions two jazz musicians.

The data above is considered as less readable, because there are names of two jazz musicians that are not familiar for the reader, thus make this datum difficult to understand by the reader.

Datum 18: 18/ B/00:07:16 ST

: We got magic, good and bad

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The datum above is taken from a song entitled “Down in New Orleans”; this song describes the setting of place of this movie.

The datum above is classified into less readable translation. Although the data above is a kind of simple sentence, the readers still find difficulty in understanding the message of the song.

A.2.3.3. Classification C: unreadable translation

In this classification, all data are considered unreadable. The respondents do not understand the meaning although they have read it many times. The translation is difficult to understand, there are 3 data or 1.2% of the entire data belong to this classification.

Example: Datum 20: 20/ B/ 00:07:16 ST

: Get everything you want, lose what you had

TT : Dapatkan semua keinginanmu, buang semua yang kau miliki The data above is a part of the song entitled “Down in New Orleans”

which illustrates New Orleans that is full of happiness and anything could be happen in New Orleans.

The data above belongs to the unreadable; the readers need to read this sentence many times to catch the meaning of the song. Datum 197:197/G/00:08:13 ST

: Mais oui

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The data above is a line of a song entitled “Ma Belle, Evangeline”. This song is sung by Ray when he shows his girlfriend to Tiana, Prince Naveen and

Louise. The data above is considered as unreadable translation, because the phrase of “Mais oui” is not known in the Indonesian culture. The phrase of “mais oui” is from

meaning “yes”

(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/mais _oui accessed on June 20, 2011) . Although the translator gives explanation which is put in the brackets, the meaning and the message is difficult to understand for the readers.