RESEARCH METHOD

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Design

This research is descriptive qualitative research. According to Hancock Beverley (2009:06) Qualitative research tends to focus on how people or groups of people can have (somewhat) different ways of looking at reality (usually social or psychological reality) Qualitative research is concerned with developing explanations of social phenomena. That is to say, it aims to help us to understand the social world in which we live and why things are the way they are. It is concerned with the social aspects of our world and seeks to answer question about: Why people behave the way they do, the opinions and attitudes are formed. People are affected by the events that go on around them?, why cultures and practices have developed in the way they have?.

Qualitative research is exceptionally suited for exploration, forbeginning to understand a group or phenomenon. Such explorations often result in development of new theories. Finally, qualitative research can answer questions and illuminate issues that cannot be addresed by quantitative methods.This research was described the teacher‟s teaching techniques used in teaching speaking skill for the students atJunior High School 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang also will be described how the the student s‟ responses of teachers‟s techniques in teaching speaking skill.

B. Time and Place of Research

This research will be conductedat SMP 1 Sintoga Padang Pariaman. Its has seven classes for Class VIII. The Analysis conducted on May until July in academic year 2016/2017 at second semester.

C. Participant of The Research

The participants of this research are English teachers are teaching at class

VIII and students at class VIII of Junior High School 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang Padang Pariaman. Participation is all of the research of subject. The population of this research is all the students class VIII. While sample is part of population, which is chosen to participate in the study. This is the technique which is done by taking the subject not based on the strata, random or area but based on the availability of time, fund and energy in order to reach a certain purpose.

The following table is the English teachers are who teaches English at Junior High School 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang.

Table 3.1:The Total of English Teachers at Junior High School 1 Sintuk toboh gadang Padang pariaman

Begin Teach

Graduated

teach at No

1 Misnawaty, Sy

UNP

Employees Government

1996 VIII

2 Zulfitri, S. Pd

Bung Hatta

3 Zilfiat, S. Pd

UBH

Employees Government

IX

4 Rafida wati, S. Pd

UBH

Employees Government

IX

5 Dewi Aquarita, S. Pd UNP

Employees

Government

1991 VII

6 Deswiyanti, S. Pd

UNP

Employees

2007 VII Based on the table about, they are some teacher who are teaching at this

7 Nova Yulianti

STKIP

Honorary

school. This reasearch is only focused on English teacher who are teaches at class

VIII, they are Ms. Misnawaty,Sy and Mr. Zulfitri, S.Pd. This research also involved the students class VIII. The following table i s the students‟ are in class VIII,

Table. 3. 2 The total Students at Class VIII No

Class

Number of Students

Source: English teacher of class VIII Junior High School 1 Sintoga The students in class VIII there 219 students, but in this research the Researcher observed for all classroom of class VIII. To take the students‟ response the researcher made interview with several students of class VIII. In this research the researcher did not use the random or strata but researcher found the data based on availability of time, fund, and what other suitable to found the certain purpose of this research.

D. Research Instrument

Instrument used by the researcher are observation sheet and interview, it used to know how is teacher technique performance in classroom, in other that the researcher also used the field note and document as instrument to know student response about teacher technique and learning process in classroom.

Table 3.3 : Observation Sheet Phases of Techniques of Stages in Teaching

Numbers Total No Teaching

The teachers create the lesson plan of speaking

1 Pre Activity

1. The teachers handle the class, take attendant list.

2. The teachers remain about the last material and connecting to the new topic

3. The teachers explains the basic competence that will

be achieved

4. The teachers explain covered topic that will be learned

2 Main The teachers apply the Activity

learning process actively, creative, effective and fun The teachers guide the

Exploration

students actively in exploring the information through the material

Discussion

1. Prediction of text contain

Elaboration about something or picture

3. Debate

4. Discussion abaut dialy activities or

Confirmatio

anything student

interested.

5. Reaching concensus

Role play

1. Using Scripted role

play

2. Using Unscripted role play

Simulation

1. Orientation

2. Participant training

3. Simulation operation

4. Participating debriefing

Information

1. Telling of

gap

information about topic in the class

2. Go over the form together with the class

3. Arrenge the student in pair and tell them to ask questions in order to fill in missing information

4. Complete of task Brainstroming 1. Guide the students

to phrasing their problem

2. Guide the students to frame the problem

3. Practicing

4. brainstroming with more statement.

5. Offering the ideas

Storytelling

1. Warning Up

2. Devide the students 2. Devide the students

4. Devide students into group

5. Ask each group to hand in an incomplete story

6. Teacher give the sentence to class to make whole story

Interview

1. Guide the students to selected topic with various peoples

2. Prepare the interview question

Reporting Students are asked to read a newspaper or magazine and, in class, they report to their friends what they find as the most interesting news. Students can also talk about whether they have experienced anything worth telling their friends in their daily lives before class.

Picture

1. The teacher

describing

prepares picture according to the topic

2. The teacher asks students to examine the picture accuracy

3. The teacher divides students in groups

4. The teacher asks all members of 4. The teacher asks all members of

5. Then, every group make sentences and writes on the black board.

6. Every group describes their picture.

7. Clarification

4 Post The teachers guide the Teaching

students to conclude the lessonand the teachers tell the next material The teachers evaluate students‟ speaking skill

E. Technique of Data Collection

Sugiyono(2008:227) said to collect the data in qualitative research by using observation and interview. In qualitative research, Collecting the data with natural setting, source primer data, and technique to collect the data with participant observation, in dept interview and documentation. Catherine Marshall, Gretchen

B. Rossman, in Sugiyono (2008) said “the fundamental method relied on by qualitative researchers for gathering information participation in the setting, direct observation, in-depth interviewing, documents review.

1. Classroom Observation Classroom observation is an observation that is focused on the

understanding of how social events of the language classroom are enacted (Nunan, 1992: 93). In this classroom observation, the subjects of observation are teacher and students‟ activities in English language teaching learning. It

focuses on the teaching and learning methods and assessment. The researcher uses non participatory observation, in non participatory observation, the researcher does not participate in the activity of the research object.

In this, the researcher will focused to take the data about what technique mostly used by the English teacher in teaching speaking at class VIII, How is

the students speaking achievement and How does students‟ responses about the teacher‟s teaching speaking technique in the class.

2. Interview Interview is the technique of data collection by asking question to the

respondents and the answer will be noted or recorded. Interview is done to get further instructional information about teaching and learning process of speaking skill at Junior High School 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang Pariaman. The researcher interviewed the headmaster and the teacher who teaches speaking at the class VIII. In the interview, the researcher used semi-structural interview. The researcher used the general idea to interview. In interviewing the headmaster, the general idea which will be asked are the aims in Teaching English for students, and school curriculum.

Observation will be taken to English teacher in class VIII and the students who are studying in class VIII at Junior High School 1 Sintuk Toboh Gadang. In this study the researcher choice the structured interview. In doing the interview the researcher had prepared the instruments. In other that the researcher also prepared the tool such as tape recorder, camera, etc. that can helps the interview fast.

Sugiyono said in his book (2008:235) there seven steps in using interview to collect the data in qualitative research:

a. Decide to whom the interview will be conducted

b. preparing the problem that will be discussed

c. Begin and open the plot of interview

d. To directed plot of interview

e. To confirm the result summary and close it

f. Write the result of interview in field note

g. Identifies the result of interview had taken

3. Triangulation Triangulation is qualitative cross-validation. It assesses the sufficiency of

the data according to convergence of multiple data sources or multiple data collection procedures (William Wiersman, 1986) in Sugiyono (2008).

Triangulation has divided into triangulation source, its do with check the data that found by many sources. triangulation Technique, it to valid the data with many techniques difference, example: the data found with observation, then with interview then with documentation or questioner, and Triangulation

Time, it mean the data that collected with interview in morning more valid then data which find at evening, the researcher look at the situation when will run fine.

F. Technique of Data Analysis

To analysis the data in qualitative research was done since before go to the place of research, during in research place, and after doing research in place research. Nasution (1988) in sugiyono (2008:245) saidanalysis had done since performing and explain the research problem, before going to the research place, and continuos until write result of research.

Based on explain above, data analysis is looking process and ordering systematic about the data was found by interview, field note, and documentation. Based on that all, here the following steps to analysis the data to make it clearly and easy to understand about research result.

1. Analysis the data before in the place of research Analysis about the data in background of problem it used to research focus but the data here still temporary and will be developed after researcher enter to the field of research.

2. Analysis the data in place of research

a. Data Reduction In Data Reduction the researcher to summary, to choice the something needed or to focused on the important data. In here, the data had clear and a. Data Reduction In Data Reduction the researcher to summary, to choice the something needed or to focused on the important data. In here, the data had clear and

b. Data Display After reduction, so the next step is to display the data, in qualitative researcher it can present like design the table, graphic, pictogram etc. by present this data, so the data arranged until easy to understand. in this, Miles and Huberman(1984) in Sugiyono said “the most frequent form of display data for qualitative research data in the past has been narrative text”. here in mostly use to present the data in qualitative is with narrative.

c. Conclusion Drawing/verification The third step in analysis the data is to draw the conclusion and verification. the finding can lika description or representation or illustration of one object that before still unclear or blurred until after conducting the research the data to be clear.