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gate or for a small number of gates. Theterminal building therefore consists of a long relatively narrow building with many small modular facilities sandwiched
between the aircraft gates and the general parking lot. The easy access, simple flow to the aircraft is a main advantage of this layout.
Expansion is relatively easy by which extra modular uni6 cm be attached to present building.The disadvantage of this layout is that there is no sharing of
facilities, which can create an inefficient use of the facilities. There is very little economy of scale and operating costs can be high, Due to the physical nature of
the layout walking distances between gates can be long, therefore in larger airports of this type passenger transportation systems are a must.
2.9.4 The Satellite Terminal Design
This design consists of an island terminal surrounded by the aircraft apron. The satellite terminal is physically separated from the main landside access
curb see figure 7. Access to the satellite terminal is usually attained via a passenger transportation system. This cm be underground or above ground
depending on the individual design.An advantage of this design is that it maintains the economies of scale that are present with a regular centralized
terminal building. Common departure lounges and common check-in etc.. Short waking distances are also an asset of this layout. However, the ring terminal
provided access fromlandside to airside with parking usually in the center of the terminal building. Easymanerability of aircraft is also a benefit.
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A main disadvantage of the design is the high cost of construction due to the need to provide an access system. Tunnel designs increase the cost even more.
Arrangement for transporting baggage and mechanical systems also are needed. Another disadvantage is that it is a poor design for expansion in that the new
terminal space directly consumes needed airside land.
Figure 7. Terminal of Labraq Airport in Libya
2.9.5 The Open Apron Transporter System
This system is comprised of a centralized terminal, which is linked to the aircraft via independent mobile units. The aircraft are parked on an open apron
away from the terminal building see figure 7. As a centralized terminal, facilities are shared and efficiency is high. This design eliminates the dimensional conflict
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of the airside in comparison with the terminal building. Aircraft size doesnt affect the terminal in any manner since it is physically removed from the terminal.
Advantages include short walking distances, and common facilities and common departure lounges. This system can be expanded at a fraction of the cost of
construction in other designs. If the amount of flights is increased, frequency of Passenger Transport Vehicles PTV can be increased or number of PTVs can be
increased. operations can increase without effecting the main physical structure. Therefore it remains highly flexible in terms of design.
A disadvantage of the design is that it increases the passenger loading time since the passengers must be first on loaded onto a vehicle, then offloaded and
onloaded onto the aircraft, this can lead to delays. Operating costs are also a factor important that the vehicles must be manned and maintained.
2.10 Determinants of Facilities in Passenger Terminal
