8 literature seeks to analyze and understand human’s psychological life, character,
behavior, and events that are written in literature. As mentioned before, literature is a work of an author which represents the author himself. By analyzing a work
of literature with the psychological approach, the author’s physical condition can also be known, namely the author’s life, the conflicts, and the motivation that the
author endured in his life. Therefore, through literature work, human’s psychological condition can be understood and learned.
2. Theory of Conflict
According to Hammond 2010, a conflict is a centre issue of a literature work, it makes the story. He also states that while a short story can have one
conflict, a novel can have more than one conflict. Furthermore, he states that there are two types of conflicts, namely
a. Internal Conflict
According to Hammond 2010, an internal conflict is a conflict which exists inside of a character. The conflict itself, for example, is in a form of
morality, fate, desire, and belief. Hammond also states that the only one who can resolve this kind of conflict is the character himself. An internal conflict can
possibly be triggered by someone or something from outside of a character, for example, another character makes a character to question things in his mind.
However, as long as the conflict stays inside of a character, it still called as an internal conflict. Therefore, the meaning of the internal conflict is the struggle and
the opposition which exist inside of a character. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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b. External Conflict
Hammond 2010 also claims that an external conflict, which exists outside of a character, tends to deal with bigger problems. He claims that an
external conflict might occur from other characters or other being, such as, society, nature, and government. Hammond also states that an external conflict
can take many forms, for example, verbal, swear words and mean words, physical, fights and violence, nature, earthquake and snowy storm. Furthermore,
he also states that a physical fight between one character and another is a conflict which often presents. In short, an external conflict is more complicated than an
internal conflict.
3. Theory of Motivation
As a push that makes someone to do something, a motivation plays a big role in a novel. According to Thompson 2014, there are two types of motivation,
namely
a. Intrinsic Motivation
According to Thompson 2014, an intrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from within a character which forces and encourages a character to do
something to achieve his goal. Furthermore, she claims that when a character is intrinsically motivated, he enjoys the process of achieving the goal while
determined to make himself more competent and qualified. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
