SKIMMING SCANNING CLOZE READING SIMPLE PRESENT

1 BAHASA inggris Set 1 Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension is a part of the test. It is also inl uenced by language competence kemampuan bahasa, reading techniques teknik membaca, dan reading skills kemampuan membaca. The most important thing from the three techniques is i nding the keywords from each questions. Therefore, here are some reading techniques that could help you answering the questions.

A. SKIMMING

Skimming yaitu teknik membaca sekilas untuk mendapatkan inti dari bacaan. Teknik ini digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal yang menanyakan topik, main idea, atau judul dari bacaan. Sebelumnya harus diketahui terlebih dahulu perbedaan judul, topik, dan main idea dalam sebuah bacaan: a. Judul title mewakili isi bacaan dan dianggap paling menarik bagi pembaca untuk membaca sebuah teks. Judul yang ada belum tentu merupakan topik bacaan, tetapi topik bacaan dapat menjadi judul bacaan. b. Topik topic adalah inti masalah yang dibicarakan oleh penulis, baik dalam bentuk kelompok kata maupun frasa bukan kalimat. Topik tidak boleh terlalu khusus spesii k, maupun terlalu umum general. c. Pikiran pokok main idea, sama seperti halnya topik, adalah inti masalah yang dibicarakan penulis. Mencari main idea pun menjadi sesuatu yang cukup sulit dirasa oleh sebagian besar pembaca. Perlu diingat bahwa dalam satu bacaan hanya M ATERI D AN L ATIHAN SBMPTN TOP LE VEL - XII SM A 2 terdapat satu pikiran pokok, yang letaknya bisa di awal atau di akhir paragraf pertama. Main idea biasanya menekankan kepada order urutan waktu dan peristiwa, listing daftar jumlah atau angka tertentu dalam bacaan, cause and eff ect pernyataan sebab-akibat melalui penggunaan kata penghubung atau conjunctions, dan derajat perbandingan comparison.

B. SCANNING

Scanning yaitu membaca sekilas namun cukup spesii k untuk mendapatkan informasi tertentu saja sesuai yang ditanyakan dalam suatu bacaan. Umumnya, teknik ini digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal yang mengandung unsur 5W1H what, where, when, who, why, how serta mengidentii kasi pertanyaan yang tidak sesuai dengan teks true or false.

C. CLOZE READING

Cloze reading yakni membaca sekilas namun mendalam. Teknik ini digunakan umumnya untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal yang berhubungan dengan kosakata vocabulary dan bermacam kata jadian derivatives.

D. VOCABULARY IMPROVEMENT

Dalam menjawab soal tentang vocabulary, penguasaan kosakata yang dimiliki pembaca akan berbeda-beda, tergantung pada individu masing-masing dan seberapa sering pembaca mengasah kosakata yang dimilikinya. Dalam bacaan, salah satu cara untuk menjawab soal yang berhubungan dengan bacaan yakni dengan melihat kalimat sebelum dan sesudahnya sesuai dengan konteks kalimat tersebut disertai dengan penggunaan struktur tata bahasa yang tepat secara gramatikal. CONTOH SOAL Text 1: SPMB 2002 The government published a report yesterday saying that we need to eat more healthily— more fruits and vegetables, less fat and sugar. So, that means fewer burgers, chips and fried foods as well as cutting down on sweet things. We went into Central London yesterday at lunch time and asked people what they thought about it. “It’s got nothing to do with government what I eat,” said Paul Keel, a building worker, and Dorothi Mattews, a teacher as they ate beef burgers and chips washed down with strawberry milkshakes. Tim Kennnor, however, welcome the government’s advice. Then, we asked the Simpson’s restaurant’s manager about it. “I don’t think people believe all these reports anymore. What they say is good for you on June, then they say bad for you on July. People stopped taking notice. We serve what we’ve always served. Almost all of it is fattening.” 3 1. The topic of the text is …. A. people’s reaction to suggestion on healthy eating habits B. eating a healthy lunch in Central London C. the government’s report on people unhealthy eating habits D. fattening foods served at the Simpson’s restaurant E. the advantages of eating fruits and vegetables Pembahasan : Teks ini diawali dengan kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa pemerintah telah mengumumkan tentang program makan makanan sehat bagi masyarakat. Adapun sebagian besar kalimat dalam paragraf ini mengetengahkan tentang komentar dari masyarakat yang dengan kata lain merupakan reaksi dari masyarakat terhadap kebijakan baru pemerintah tersebut. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jawaban yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah: people’s reaction to suggestion on healthy eating habits. Jawaban: A 2. What does the restaurant manager think of the report? A. People don’t understand the advice given. B. The government’s advice is inconsistent. C. People are more concerned about losing weight. D. Fattening foods are more delicious. E. People will welcome the government advice. Pembahasan : Mengacu pada pertanyaan yang diajukan, maka fokus kita akan langsung menuju kepada restaurant manager sebagai kata kunci dari pertanyaan tersebut. Jika ditelaah dengan baik, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa restaurant manager tersebut tidak mendukung kebijakan pemerintah yang menurutnya berubah-ubah dan cenderung tidak konsisten. Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jawaban yang paling tepat untuk petanyaan tersebut adalah: The governments advice is inconsistent. Jawaban: B Text 2: SPMB 2004 Throughout history, people have been the victims of the pickpockets. Today, pickpocketing is one of the most rapidly increasing crimes. Pickpockets are increasing in number and developing better methods to practice their skills. Approximately, one million American loose money to pickpockets every year, and no one is really safe from a skilled pickpocket. His victims, or ‘marks’ as they called, can be rich or poor, young or old. During the eighteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in England. Large crowds of people would gather to watch the hanging, which was supposed to be the warning for the other pickpockets. However, in time, this practice was discontinued. The reason: while 4 people attentivelly watching the hanging of a pickpocket, other pickpockets skillfully stole the money from the spectators Police oicials say that the most eicient pickpockets come from South America. Many of these expert pickpockets are trained in special schools called Jingle Bells Schools. A pickpocket graduated from J.B.S. when he is able to steal a wallet from a dressed dummy mannequin that has bells inside his pockets. Even the most well-dressed, respectable person can be a pickpocket. Some of the favorite places are banks, airports, race tracks, supermarkets, elevators, trains and bus stations. Oftenly, some pickpockets are working together with other pickpockets as a partner. Another kinds of pickpocket works outside or inside the bars and specialized in stealling from women is called ‘purse snatcher’. To avoid being the victim of the pickpocket, it is important to be very cautious and alert when in the midst of a large gatherings of people. 3. The best title for the passage would be …. A. Pickpockets are Well-dressed B. Jingle Bells Schools C. Pickpockets D. The Hanging of Picpockets E. The History of the Pickpockets Pembahasan : Dalam menentukan sebuah title judul, pilihlah jawaban yang paling general dan mampu menggambarkan bacaan tersebut secara umum. Maka, title judul yang paling mewakili bacaan tersebut adalah C pickpockets karena jawaban yang lain bersifat spesiik. Jawaban: C 4. The hanging of pickpockets were not continued because …. A. they were large crowds of people B. It was against humanity C. the police were not hanging a pickpocket D. it was not efective to stop pick-pocketing E. he was caught by the police Pembahasan : Kata kunci dari pertanyaan ini adalah hanging. Mengacu pada bacaan yang ada, kita ketahui bahwa menggantung seorang pencopet bukanlah sebuah hukuman yang bijaksana karena saat orang-orang berkerumun menyaksikan sang pencopet dihukum, maka pencopet lainnya akan leluasa mencopet di tengah kerumunan. Hal tersebut membuat pelaksanaan hukuman mati di rasa menjadi tidak efektif. Jawaban: D 5 5. Pickpocketing is a … crime. A. an old B. a modern C. a temporary D. a contemporary E. a temporary old Pembahasan : Pada kalimat awal di paragraf pertama, pembaca seolah diceritakan kembali tentang sejarah lahirnya pencopet sebagai salah satu kejahatan tertua yang pernah ada. Bahkan hampir di seluruh dunia, jutaan orang telah menjadi korbannya. Jawaban: A 6. “… other pickpockets skillfully stole the money from the spectators” The similar meaning of the italic word is …. A. people B. victims C. South American D. audiences E. passangers Pembahasan : Spectators dalam kutipan kalimat tersebut bermakna penonton audiences yang sedang menyaksikan pencopet yang sedang menjalani hukuman gantung. Jawaban: D 7. South American pickpockets are the most eicient ones because …. A. they are well-trained B. they are handsome C. they are well-dressed D. they are respectable E. they are persistent Pembahasan : Kata kunci dari pertanyaan tersebut adalah South America. Kata kunci tersebut dapat ditemukan pada paragraf ketiga yang di dalamnya membahas kehidupan para pencopet yang tinggal di Amerika Selatan Amerika Latin. Hal yang membuat para pencopet tersebut menarik adalah ketika terdapat sekolah khusus bagi pencopet disana sehingga mereka menjadi orang yang terlatih well-trained dalam menjalankan aksinya. Jawaban: A 1 Set 2 Report Text Purpose of the Text : To inform the readers about natural or social phenomena; to describe the way things are. Tujuan Penulisan : Menyampaikan informasi tentang suatu hasil pengamatan secara apa adanya. Generic Structure Struktur Umum : 1. General Classii cation: pernyataan umun yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasii kasinya. 2. Descriptions: pembuatan informasi tentang ciri-ciri umumgeneralisasi yang dimiliki subjek seperti perilaku, i sik, psikologis, kualitas, ciri-ciri khas. Language Features Ciri-ciri Bahasa: 1. Menggunakan Simple Present Tense karena menyatakan faktakebenaran umum 2. Hasil pengamatan, observasi, penelitian atau studi tentang benda, binatang, orang maupun tempat BAHASA inggris M ATERI D AN L ATIHAN SBMPTN TOP LE VEL - XII SM A 2 CONTOH SOAL Text 1: UMPTN 1998R-A14 Whales are the largest animals on earth. Bigger than elephants, they may grow 95 feet long, and weigh 150 tons. A baby blue whale, just born, can be 23 feet long and weigh 3 tons. Although whales live in the oceans and swims like a i sh, they are not i sh. They are mammals, like cows and elephants. Unlike i sh they bear young alive, not as eggs. Their babies live on their’s mother’s milk. They breathe through their lungs and hold their breath when they go under water. If they cannot come to the surface to breathe fresh air, they will drown. They are warm-blodded. Fish, however, lay eggs, breathe oxygen in the water, and are cold-blooded. Whales live in all the oceans. In the winter, some of them go to the warm water to breed and in the summer, most of them go to the cold water to feed. There are two kinds of whales, whales with teeth toothed whales and whales without teeth baleen whales. The toothed whales eat i sh and squid, which they can catch with their teeth, although they swallow their foods without chewing it. The baleen whales eat plankton small animals and plants. When they i nd pankton, they open their mouths and swim into the plankton. When they close their mouth they squeeze out the water and swallow the plankton. Whales have few enemies. Only human beings and the killer whales that attack whales. And whales do not seem to i ght among themselves. They usually live from 20−30 years. 1. The diff erence between whales and i sh is that whales …. A. do not have to come to the surface to get fresh air B. deliver their young like elephants do C. will die if they can not get oxygen in the water D. are mammals that are cold-blooded E. can easily breathe when they are under water Pembahasan : Pada paragraf kedua dalam bacaan, dikatakan bahwa paus adalah mamalia terbesar yang hidup di laut. Namun, sekalipun mereka tinggal dan hidup di air, mereka tetap membesarkan anak yang mereka lahirkan dan bukan telur karena mamalia adalah hewan yang melahirkan, seperti halnya sapi maupun gajah dalam mengasuh anak mereka. Jawaban: B 2. A suitable title for the text is …. A. Large Animals on Earth B. Diff erence Betweeen Whales and Elephants 3 C. Whales, the Biggest Animals on Earth D. Similarity Between Fish and Whales E. The Life of Whales in the Oceans Pembahasan : Dalam bacaan tersebut, dari awal hingga akhir paragraf menggambarkan serta menyampaikan informasi tentang mamalia terbesar yang hidup di laut, yakni paus. Maka dari itu, jawaban yang paling tepat untuk soal ini adalah C Whales, the Biggest Animals on Earth. Jawaban: C 3. Which of the following is TRUE about the whales? A. Whales are generally 95 feet long and weigh 150 tons. B. Big animals living in the ocean tend to be their enemies. C. Like i sh, whales can live in all kinds of water. D. Their life-span is usually longer than human beings. E. A new-born baby whale may weight one-i ftieth of its mother. Pembahasan : Berdasarkan bacaan di atas, maka jawaban yang paling tepat adalah A yang terdapat pada kalimat kedua di paragraf pertama. Sementara pilihan lainnya dalam soal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan yang terdapat dalam bacaan. Jawaban: A 4. Whales occasionally live in the warm water …. A. to get more foods B. for reproduction C. to avoid winter D. to get fresh air E. to feed their babies Pembahasan : Pada paragraf ketiga baris kedua dikatakan “… in the winter, some of them go to the warm water to breed” yang sesuai dengan pilihan jawaban B karena breed = reproduction berkembang biak. Jawaban: B 5. From the text we may conclude that …. A. a whale can both eat squid and plankton B. toothed whales chew their foods before swallowing it C. the two types of whales live in the diff erent waters D. baleen whales swallow the water containing the plankton E. each type of whale eats a specii c kind of foods 4 Pembahasan : Berdasarkan informasi yang terdapat pada paragraf ketiga, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa baik paus yang memiliki gigi toothed whales dan yang tidak memiliki gigi baleen whales memiliki makanan yang tersendiri sesuai dengan bentuk tubuh dan keunikan yang mereka miliki. Jawaban: E Text 2: SPMB 2006R-II610 The killer sea waves known as Tsunamis are so quiet in their approach from a far, so harmless, that until recently their history has been one of surprise attack. Out in the middle of the ocean, the distance between tsunami wave crests can be 100 miles and the height of the wave have no more than three feet: sailors can ride one and suspect nothing. At the shoreline, the irst sign is often an ebbing—a retreat but rather a gathering of forces. When the great waves inally do strike, they rear up and hit harbor and coast, causing death and damage. These seismic sea waves—or tidal waves—as they are sometimes called, bear no relation to the moon or tides. And the word “tsunami”, Japanese for “harbor wave”, related to their destination rather than their origin. The causes are various: undersea or coastal earthquakes, deep ocean avalanches or volcanism. Whatever the cause, the wave motion starts with a sudden move like a hit from a giant paddle that displaces the water. And the greater the undersea hit, the greater the tsunami’s damaging power. In 1883, Krakatoa volcano in the East Indies erupted, and the entire island collapsed in 820 feet of water. A tsunami is a tremendous forces bouncing around Java and Sumatera, killing 36.000 people with walls of water that reached 115 feet in height. In 1946, a tsunami struck irst near Alaska and then, without warning, hit Hawaiian Islands, killing 159 people and causing millions of dollars of damage. This led to the creation of the Tsunami Warning System, whose nerve centre in Honolulu keeps around—the—clock vigil with the aid of new technology. If the seismic sea waves are conirmed by the Honolulu centre, warnings are transmitted within a few hours to all threatened Pasiic points. Tsunamis have been deprived of their most deadly sting—surprise. 6. The writer describes in details …. A. how harmless the tsunamis seems to be for sailors B. what damage the tsunami caused in Japan C. when the tsunami tends to attack unexpectedly D. why tsunamis are called the killer sea waves E. where tsunamis have been most severe in their attack 5 Pembahasan : Dalam bacaan tersebut, penulis ingin menyampaikan betapa dahsyatnya bencana alam tsunami yang tidak disangka-sangka kedatangannya. Pada awal paragraf dikatakan, munculnya tsunami terjadi secara tiba-tiba tanpa adanya tanda-tanda alam yang disadari oleh manusia. Maka, jawaban yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah C. Jawaban: C 7. Why are tsunamis seemingly harmless when they start? A. The waves out in the ocean were not alarmingly high. B. The ebbing of the water leave ish stranded and slapping on the bottom. C. The great waves strike, reaching up and hitting harbor and coast. D. The waves approaching from a far gather forces and move the water away from the land. E. The seismic sea waves bear no relation to the moon or tides. Pembahasan : Pada paragraf kedua dikatakan bahwa jauh di lautan sana, gelombang tsunami berjarak sekitar 100 mil dan tingginya tidak lebih dari tiga meter. Hal tersebut tidak menimbulkan kekhawatiran bagi para pelaut yang menganggap hal tersebut adalah hal yang wajar. Di tepian pantai pun gelombang yang terjadi tidaklah dahsyat sehingga tsunami tidak terlihat menakutkan ketika mulai terjadi. Dilihat dari pilihan jawaban yang ada, maka jawaban A-lah yang paling tepat karena awalnya terlihat sebagai gelombang biasa maka kedatangannya sangatlah mengejutkan. Jawaban: A 8. The following are possible causes for seismic waves, ExCEPT …. A. earthquakes under the oceans B. underwater avalanches C. the rise and fall of the sea levels D. ocean volcanoes E. seashore earthquakes Pembahasan : Yang bukan merupakan penyebab dari terjadinya tsunami adalah naik dan turunnya permukaan air laut karena air laut yang pasang dan surut adalah hal yang umum terjadi di laut dan tidak berpotensi menyebabkan tsunami; seperti pada jawaban C. Jawaban: C 9. Which of the recorded tsunami in the text was the worst? The one that hit …. A. The East Hindies B. The Island of Java C. Alaska 6 D. The Hawaiian Islands E. Honolulu Pembahasan : Berdasarkan keterangan pada paragraf keempat dalam bacaan, disebutkan bahwa salah satu bencana tsunami yang terdahsyat pernah terjadi di sekitar kepulauan Jawa dimana bencana tersebut telah menelan korban jiwa lebih dari 36.000 orang dan gelombang yang sangat tinggi mencapai ketinggian 115 kaki. Jawaban: B 10. The danger of tsunamis has been reduced by …. A. establishing local nerve centre B. the countries around the Pasiic Rim C. close control from a new warning centre D. warning the nerve centre of seismic waves E. the Tsunami Warning System at the bottom of the sea Pembahasan : Bahaya tsunami telah menyadarkan banyak pihak akan pentingnya mengetahui gejala tsunami dari awal kemunculannya. Berdasarkan bacaan di paragraf kelima, banyak negara kemudian saling bekerjasama untuk mendirikan pusat peringatan bencana tsunami dan mengawasi dari dekat secara langsung gejala yang umumnya muncul menjelang terjadinya tsunami untuk menghindari korban jiwa yang lebih banyak lagi. Jawaban: C 1 Set 3 Discussion Text Purpose of the Text : To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue “ForPros” and “AgainstCons” Tujuan Penulisan : Mengajak pembaca mengambil sikap tertentu terhadap sebuah issue atau masalah. Pembaca diharapkan dapat mengidentii kasi isu tersebut dan mengulas pendapat yang mendukung Pro maupun yang menentang Cons sebelum memberikan rekomendasi terhadap isu tersebut. Generic Structure Struktur Umum : 1. Issue: topik perhatianisu utama 2. Arguments: alasanpendapat yang mendukung gagasan pokok yang diikuti points dan elaboration uraian Language Features Ciri-ciri Bahasa : 1. Menggunakan Simple Present Tense 2. Conjunctions Kata Penghubung 3. Related verbs and Modal Constrastive BAHASA inggris M ATERI D AN L ATIHAN SBMPTN TOP LE VEL - XII SM A 2 CONTOH SOAL Text 1: SPMB 2004R-I440 The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true throughout history. This is not to say that men are not of importance in child-rearing; indeed, they are most necessary if children are to appreciate fully the roles of both sexes. But women have proven themselves superior parents as a result of their conditioning, their less aggressive nature and generally better communication skills. From the time they are little, females learn about nurturing. First with dolls and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of career. Girls see their mothers in the same roles so it is natural that they identify this as female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn competitive roles far removed from what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventures, girls conditioning means they tend to see the future in terms of raising families. Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men not women, who prove to be the aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising children, a more patient, gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one. Although, there certainly exist gentle men and aggressive women, by and large, female are less likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems. Finally, women tend to be better communicator than men. This is shown in intelligence test, where females, on average, do better in verbal communication than males. Of course, communication is of utmost important in rearing children, as children tend to learn from and adopt the communication styles of their parents. Thus, it is all very well to suggest a greater role for men in raising children, let us not forget that women are generally better suited to the parenting roles. 1. The main information of the text is about …. A. the importance of men and women in child rearing B. the reluctance of men to play the role of parents C. the reasons why women are better parents than men D. the superior of women in family E. the dif erent attitudes of men and women as parents Pembahasan : Kalimat ditandai oleh kata penghubung yang dapat menunjukkan daftar listing seperti: i rst, later, i nally serta kata penghubung lainnya yang menunjukkan beberapa perbandingan. Dari bacaan tersebut jelas terlihat adanya perbandingan serta alasan- alasan yang timbul di masyarakat bahwa wanita memang lebih baik sebagai orangtua dibanding pria dengan segala kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Jawaban: C 3 2. As parents, women in general play a more important role than men because they are …. A. not aggressive at all B. good communicators C. superior human beings D. experienced in raising children E. capable of solving problems Pembahasan : Pada kalimat terakhir pada paragraf pertama dikatakan bahwa wanita mempunyai peranan yang lebih luas dan lebih banyak karena wanita umumnya mempunyai kemampuan dalam berkomunikasi dan mengkomunikasikan segala sesuatunya dengan lebih baik dibanding pria. Jawaban: B 3. Most women are good mothers because they …. A. have brothers and sisters with whom they play B. had to learn about nurturing when they were children C. have never dreams of adventure like boys D. are not to learn about competitive roles E. have known the role of career since childhood Pembahasan : Sejak kecil wanita telah diajarkan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung oleh lingkungan, terutama dari ibu mereka, mengenai apa yang harus mereka lakukan di masa depan, terutama tentang bagaimana cara merawat dan mengasuh seorang anak. Tanpa disadari, setiap wanita telah mempunyai naluri keibuan sejak mereka masih kecil, entah karena terbiasa bermain dengan saudara maupun dengan meniru perilaku ibu mereka dalam mengasuh anak; terbukti dengan lebih mampunya wanita dalam merawat anak dan keluarga dibanding pria pada umumnya. Jawaban: E 4. The following are the general characteristics of men, ExCEPT …. A. aggressive B. adventures C. impatient D. irresponsible E. competitive Pembahasan : Aggressive ditunjukkan dalam kalimat “Girls are also appear to be less aggressive than boys”; adventurous ditunjukkan dalam kalimat “Boys may dream of adventures”; impatient ditunjukkan dalam kalimat “It is men, not women, to be the aggressor.”; dan competitive dalam kalimat “Boys, in contrast, learn competitive roles.” Dari pilihan kosakata yang ada, maka 4 yang tidak termasuk karakteristik seorang pria secara umum adalah D Irresponsible atau tidak bertanggung jawab. Karena tidak semua pria adalah pria yang tidak bertanggung jawab pada berita tersebut Jawaban: D 5. According to the text, which of the following statement is TRUE about parents in general? A. Children love their mothers more than they love their fathers. B. All fathers tend to be aggressive and violent towards their children. C. Mothers play a greater role in the education of their children. D. Even gentle fathers are unable to communicate with children. E. There is no communication between fathers and their children. Pembahasan : Secara keseluruhan, teks tersebut menggambarkan tentang betapa hebatnya peranan seorang wanita dalam kehidupan keluarga mereka. Meskipun pria juga mempunyai andil yang cukup besar, namun peran seorang ibu tidak dapat tergantikan oleh siapapun. Karena itu, jawaban yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah C. Jawaban: C Text 2: SBMPTN 2014 Did you ride your bike to school when you were a kid? A generation ago most kids rode, walked or caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped by our parents at the school gate. These days most of us have experienced the daily traic jams around schools at drop- of and picked-up times, as parents drive their children to the school gate. While there is a national data on the number of children who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian survey found nearly half of children are driven to school every day. Parents choose to drop their kids at school for a number of reasons—mostly do with safely and convenience. But experts say chaufeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are missing out on much—needed exercise and other life skills. Researchers suggest at least a third of Australian children aged 9−16 years are not getting the amount of daily physical activity recommended by national guidelines. But this is not because children’s participation in leisure of sporting activities has dropped of, says Dr. Jan Garrad. Participation in these activities has not altered much over the years, Garrad says but what has changed is the level of incidental activity children do. “When you look at countries where children are just active as part of everyday life, they do not have to be sporty. All they have to do is to get away around the way the community gets around by walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity,” she says. 5 6. The author develops some ideas in paragraf 2 by …. A. describing parents’ chaufeuring followed by its efects B. explaining reasons for chaufeuring and their advantages C. discussing the function of chaufeuring and the impacts D. arguing for chaufeuring practice for children’ safety E. exposing how parents chaufer and its drawbacks Pembahasan : Menurut paragraf kedua dari bacaan di atas, para orangtua memilih untuk menyetir dan mengantarkan langsung anak mereka ke sekolah karena berbagai alasan. Di antaranya karena alasan keamanan dan kenyamanan. Namun, tanpa mereka sadari, dengan selalu mengantarkan anak mereka ke sekolah membuat anak-anak kehilangan waktu untuk bersosialisasi dan juga berolahraga di lingkungan sekitar; dan itulah yang menjadi kelemahannya. Jawaban: E 7. By writing the sentence ”… chaufeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are missing out on much-needed exercise and other life skills.” paragraph 2 lines 2-3; the author implies that …. A. taking kids to school makes them deprived individuals when they grow up B. kids given lift to school likely lose vital social and physical advantages C. schooling means not only learning in classes but also socializing with others D. parents spoil their kids’ future social and physical life by giving them a lift E. when a child needs physical and social training, parents should facilitate them Pembahasan : Berdasarkan petikan kalimat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa selain memiliki sisi positif dari pihak orangtua, namun ternyata terdapat sisi yang negatif bagi para anak. Diantar-jemput setiap hari ke sekolah membuat mereka kehilangan kesempatan untuk bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan dan menggerakkan tubuh. Jawaban: B 8. Dr. Garrard statement “… where children are just active as a part of everyday life, they do not have to be sporty.” paragraph 3 line 5 may be best restated that …. A. children who are active do not automatically mean they will be good sport B. being muscular should not be the aim of children who are naturally active C. children’ physical itness is not closely related with their daily activities D. activeness in children does not mean to make these children physically it E. when naturally active, children need no more scheduled sports activities Pembahasan : Pada kalimat di atas, dengan kata lain dapat dikatakan bahwa ketika anak-anak sudah 6 terbiasa untuk bergerak secara aktif, maka sesungguhnya mereka tidak perlu lagi melakukan olahraga secara rutin. Karena dengan selalu bergerak setiap hari sama dengan melakukan olahraga secara rutin. Berdasarkan pilihan jawaban diatas, maka jawaban yang paling tepat untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah pada pilihan E. Jawaban: E 9. The part following the passage above most likely contains information on …. A. advice to parents for their children to have enough physical activities B. the decreasing trend of children to do physical activities at their will C. parental motives behind chaufeuring their children to school D. reason for children not to do fun and incidental activities E. efects of having children not to be given a lift to school Pembahasan : Pada paragraf kedua dalam bacaan tersebut dikatakan bahwa orangtua memiliki banyak motif atau alasan untuk mengantarkan sendiri anak mereka ke sekolah. Maka pilihan jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pilhan jawaban C. Jawaban: C 1 Set 4 Analytical and Hortatory Exposition Purpose of the Text : To persuade the readers that something should or shouldn’t be the case. Tujuan Penulisan : Memberikan pendapatide dari penulis tentang suatu topik atau permasalahan Generic Structure Struktur Umum : 1. Menggunakan Simple Present Tense 2. Menggunakan connectivestransitions 3. Menggunakan action verbs and adjectives Terdapat dua jenis eksposisi : 1. Analytical Exposition Eksposisi Analisis a. Penulis memberikan opini dan tidak berusaha membujuk pembaca untuk menjadi prokontra. b. Nama lainnya adalah Argumentative. c. Umumnya berisi tentang permasalahan umum seperti l ood, traffi c jam, pollution, etc. d. Generic Structure Struktur Umum: BAHASA inggris M ATERI D AN L ATIHAN SBMPTN TOP LE VEL - XII SM A 2 1. Thesis: pernyataan penulis tentang suatu kasus 2. Argument: intipoin perbincangan dan penjelasan dari poininti 3. Reiteration: penguatan dari pernyataan

2. Hortatory Exposition

a. Penulis memberikan opini dan berusaha membujuk pembaca untuk prokontra. b. Nama lainnya adalah Persuasive. c. Generic Structure Struktur Umum: 1. Thesis: pernyataan penulis tentang suatu kasus 2. Argument: alasan tentang adanya kepedulian dan mengarah ke saran rekomendasi 3. Recommendation: pernyataan alasanbagaimana sesuatu seharusnya dilakukantidak dilakukan CONTOH SOAL Text 1: SBMPTN 2013 Kode Soal 613 Passage A School is necessary because it, i rst, makes communication with diverse people essential, as parents do not choose where their children go, and secondly, homeschooling and extracurricular activities connected to it cannot bring that diversity, for the attending group is self-selecting, rather than ‘uni ltered mixture’. I believe that none of the two assumptions is warranted nor true. In the i rst place, parents still select schools for their children on the basis of common values, cultures and achievements. As such, public schools then of er obvious misrepresentations of the society. Not only that, I think it’s non-sense that homeschooling should somehow get rid of diversity from socialization in sports teams or other clubs. What members of a basketball team or a debate club share is not race, religion, nor income bracket: it is the desire to participate. Passage B Children can perhaps be best described as beings of potential during their schools years. Each child is in the process of discovering their talents and having them be cared for in an attempt to best reach self-actualization. Under the homeschooling system parents become much more exclusive mentors to a child, and this can be problematic. Although parents are generally aware of what their children is capable of, their evaluations are not always precise. 3 This could be for a number of reasons. First, it may due to the fact that children are predominantly seen in the home environment, limiting their chances to show of their potential in other situations. It could also be because parents sometimes assume that their children will share the same talents that they had. Simply stated, it would be unreasonable to assume parents could see the whole pictures. 1. The common theme underlying both passages above is …. A. arguments against home school education practices B. evidence of several problems with homeschooling C. reasons why homeschooling should be eliminated D. failure which is associated with homeschooling E. formal school and home school education Pembahasan : Pada passage A terdapat kalimat yang mengatakan bahwa “… I think it’s non-sense that homeschooling should somehow get rid of diversity from socialization in sports teams or other clubs.” Begitu pula sebaliknya pada passage B ditemukan tentang berbagai kontra terkait dengan adanya homeschooling dalam bidang pendidikan. Sehingga kalimat yang paling tepat mencakup kedua passage tersebut adalah jawaban A. Jawaban: A 2. Which of the following statements rel ects a fact mentioned in either passage above? A. Joining a social club is a matter of wish to participate. B. Interacting with other individuals is very important. C. Children are individuals with inborn capacity. D. Sports teams are a form of social unit. E. Parents play a role as a private guru. Pembahasan : Melalui kalimat “What members of a basketball team or a debate club share is not race, religion, nor income bracket: it is the desire to participate.” Pada passage A, dapat dikatakan bahwa faktanya seringkali bukan hanya sekadar mengikuti sebuah klub atau menjadi bagian dari sebuah tim yang diinginkan seorang anak, namun lebih kepada keinginannya untuk berpartisipasi dan bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan mereka sendiri. Dan hal tersebutlah yang tercermin pada kedua bacaan di atas. Jawaban: A 3. The idea in passage B which is dif erent from that in passage A is …. A. thoughts that schools are a medium for individual to socialize freely B. the need to join social events not diversity that homeschoolers seek C. parents limited understanding of their children’s potentials and talents 4 D. parents personal preference to a certain type of school for their children E. wrong assumptions on both home school education and homeschooling Pembahasan : Pada passage B dikatakan bahwa orangtua cenderung memiliki pemahaman yang terbatas terhadap potensi serta bakat yang dimiliki oleh anak-anak mereka. Sehingga, seringkali apa yang menjadi keinginan orangtua menjadi tidak sejalan dengan bakat yang dimiliki oleh anak-anak mereka. Maka, jawaban yang paling mencerminkan passage B adalah jawaban C. Jawaban: C 4. The best summary of both passages is …. A. ideas of school and home school learning are wrong; yet, school is better B. schools are the right medium for socializing; yet, parents are still selective C. there is no rational support to believe education at home and at school D. children are going their ways to develop their talents and personality E. parents and teachers make inaccurate evaluation on children’ s talents Pembahasan : Kesimpulan yang paling tepat untuk kedua bacaan di atas, terlepas dari permasalahan homeschooling dan bakat yang cenderung salah diarahkan, adalah sekolah merupakan media yang paling tepat bagi anak uuntuk bersosialisasi; meskipun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa orangtua pun masih tetap selektif dalam memilih sekolah yang terbaik bagi mereka. Jawaban: B 5. If a child’s parents are not able to identify the child’s talents comprehensively, a home school child’s basketball talent will …. A. never be revealed until the right expert can reveal the child’s talent B. grow normally because somebody’s talent is not afected by anyone else C. grow little and later it may stop growing at all as there is a little stimulation D. remain undeveloped because none is able to reveal the child’s potential E. still grow in so far heshe has the need to partake in a basketball team Pembahasan : Jika orangtua tidak mampu mengenali bakat dan talenta yang dimiliki dengan baik, maka bakat tersebut akan menjadi hal yang sia-sia dan tidak dapat berkembang karena tidak ada yang mampu mengembangkan bakat yang dimiliki selain individu itu sendiri. Jawaban: D 5 Text 2: SBMPTN 2013-TKDU Kode Soal 325 Passage A For those of you now eyeing your cell-phones suspiciously, it is worth nothing that both the National Cancer Institute NCI and the World Health Organization WHO say there is no evidence to support the assertion that cell-phones are a public health threat. But a number of scientists are worried that has been a dangerous rush to declare cell-phones safe, using studies they feel are inadequate and too often weighted towards the wireless industry interests. An analysis published by University of Washington neurologist Henry Lai determined that far more independent studies than industry—funded studies have found at least some type of biological efects from cell-phone exposure. A strong link between mobiles and cancer could have major public-health implications. As cell-phones make and take calls, they emit low-level-radio-frequency RF radiation. Stronger than FM radio signals, these RF waves are still a billionth the intensity of known carcinogenic radiation like x-ray. www.time.com Passage B A study published in the journal Bioelectromagnetics reported that no statistically signiicant change in the incidence of brain cancers in men and women in England between 1998 and 2007, a time when cell-phones use increased dramatically. But now, new work published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association says there is an identiiable efect of cell-phones use in the brain, but it is too early to tell what, if anything, that efect means health-wise. There has been a lot of controversy of whether cell-phones could increase the temperature of the brain, which in turn could afect energy requirements. Based on our study, we really cannot infer whether this is a bad or could even have potentially good applications so that—our inding doesn’t illuminate or enlighten that very important question or whether cell-phone exposure could have detrimental efects. www. npr.org 6. Which of the following relects opinions mentioned in the both passages? A. There was no increase of brain cancer patients in men and women between 1998- 2007. B. Statements by NCI and WHO on safe use of cell phones have led to a dangerous rush. C. There is some type of biological efects from mobile phone exposure. D. Radiation emitted by X-rays is carcinogenic. E. Mobile phones emit deadly radiation. 6 Pembahasan : Pada kedua bacaan tersebut sama-sama memiliki keterkaitan yakni keduanya menyatakan bahwa terdapat beberapa efek biologis akibat terkena paparan radiasi dari penggunaan telepon selular yang berlangsung terus-menerus. Jawaban: C 7. Information in both passages may lead to a hypothesis that …. A. uncontrolled use of mobile phones will increase carcinogenic stuf in user’s brain B. regular use of mobile cell-phones will increase biological defects not just in the brain C. the increasing use of mobile phones will result in detrimental efects of their users. D. careless use of mobile phones will increase levels of brains energy consumptions. E. frequent use of mobile phones will increase the radiation accumulation in the brain. Pembahasan : Hypothesis adalah suatu prediksi atau perkiraan atas sesuatu yang sedang diamati saat ini. Dalam hal ini, penggunaan telepon selular secara terus-menerus tanpa disadari, cepat ataupun lambat, akan memberikan dampak yang sangat besar bagi kesehatan terutama pada otak. Radiasi yang timbul akibat penggunaan telepon selular secara berkala akan mengakibatkan kerusakan pada otak, syaraf, atau bahkan kanker otak. Jawaban: E 8. The topic discussed in both passages above is …. A. the increase in the brain cancer incidences by the mobile phones radiations B. inconclusive empirical indings on the impact of the use of mobile phones C. recent research indings on radiation by mobile phones on brain damage D. arguments against frequent uses of mobile phones for health reasons E. issues on the impact of using mobile phones on one state’s health Pembahasan : Topik yang terdapat pada kedua bacaan di atas adalah tentang hasil penelitian yang dilakukan baru-baru ini yang mana hasilnya cukup mencengangkan yakni betapa besar bahaya penggunaan telepon selular bagi otak, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kanker dan penyakit lainnya. Jawaban: C 9. Both passages are similar in content in terms of addressing …. A. relation between mobile phones and health B. recent research evidence on cell-phones uses C. mobile phones potential efects of mobile phone use on users’ brain D. mobile phone use in triggering the brain cancer E. inding the research on the use of mobile phones 7 Pembahasan : Kedua paragraf di atas memiliki persamaan yakni membahas efek yang ditimbulkan oleh telepon selular terhadap otak penggunanya. Jawaban: C 1 Set 5 Present Tense Present Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang berlangsung pada saat ini, baik yang sedang terjadi maupun yang telah selesai dan masih dilakukan hingga saat ini. Secara umum, Present Tense terbagi menjadi empat bagian, yakni:

A. SIMPLE PRESENT

a. Rumus dasarnya adalah S + Verb 1 atau S + Verb 1+ -s-es b. Digunakan untuk: 1. Menyatakan kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan Habitual Actions Contoh: Ali always goes to school every day. 2. Menyatakan Kebenaran Umum General Truth Contoh: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. 3. Menyatakan Jadwal Contoh: Our English class starts at 8 o’clock every Friday. c. Adverb of frequency yang sering digunakan adalah: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, ever, never, etc.

B. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE