Working Age Population and Not Working Age

C. Working Age Population and Not Working Age

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (Sakernas, 2012), the concept of population is divided into two groups: the working age population and the non-working age population. The working age population is divided into two groups: the work force and non-work force. This distinction is based on the main activities they do. The working age population is the population aged 15 years and over. Population included as work force is the working age population (15 years and over) who work, or have a job but temporarily unemployed and unemployment.

Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) from 2010 to 2012 experience an increase, which in 2010 was by

70.60 TPAK and rose to 70.77 TPAK in 2011 and 71.43 TPAK in 2012. This is due to the working age population is also increasing. The percentage of the palpable unemployment rate is decreasing. In 2010 the unemployment rate was by 6.21% down to 5.93% in 2011 and dropped again in 2012 to 5.63%. It is interesting to note that there is an increase in people working part-time. In 2010 there were as many as 2,618,422 people and rose to 2,882,532 people in 2011 and became 3,088,982 people in 2012. This shows that they are working under normal working hours (less than 35 hours a week), not looking for work and not willing to accept the increasing number of work. This is likely due to several things:

1) Education of the workers is very low, hence the available jobs cannot absorb them and merely perform what needed to be done.

2) Workers felt enough with the current work they do.

3) Possibility of working as temporary workers and unpaid workers. The highest number of population aged 15 years and over who are working, have elementary school education. Thus it can be said that the labor force in Central Java is mostly very low. However, from year to year, the very low educated have decreased and on the contrary, those having higher education is increasing. Those having high school education + from 2010 to 2011 have increased in number, namely from 3,642,296 people in 2010 to 3,732,053 people in 2011 and increased again to 4,056,892 people in 2012. Thus it can be said that the working population is beginning to pay attention to higher level of education.

The growth of population in Central Java aged 15 years and over who worked from 2010 to 2013 have risen 0.67% from 2010 to 2011 and 1.36% from 2011 to 2012. It shows that along with the population growth, in Central Java the population that are working are also showing growth. The status of the main employment most performed by the population are laborers/employees. It shows that most of the population of Central Java work in the formal sector work. The numbers also increased from 2010 to 2012. However, when seen from the percentage of growth in 2011/2012 than in 2010/2011, it slightly decreased to 10.15% growth in 2011 to 2012, whereby from 2010 to 2011 was 10.49%. The next order of the main employment status is assisted by non-temporary workers, which has the second considerable percentage after the workers/employees, nevertheless it was experiencing negative growth. This may be a shift from assisted non- temporary workers to own account workers or assisted by permanent workers. This is shown by the data of the year 2011 to the year 2012 the population delving into own account workers has increased. As for the assisted by permanent workers from 2010 to 2011 increased 8.28% and in 2011 to the year 2012 increased by 10.31%.

Population working in the agricultural sector experienced negative growth. It shows that the population of Central Java began to leave the agricultural sector and to work in non-agricultural sectors. This is shown in Table 5:10 that the agricultural sector from 2010 to 2011 experienced a negative growth that is by -13.21% and in 2011 to 2012 the growth was -5.03%. Whereas Non Agriculture Free Time Worker shows a positive growth of 2.49% from 2010 to 2011 and 10.24% from 2011 to 2012. For family workers also experiencing a negative growth. Based on the number and growth of the population in Central Java, aged 15 years and over who worked according to the main employment status, in general it can be said that the formal sector in Central Java is still much in demand by the population compared to the informal sectors. In this case main employment status of the formal sector is workers/employees. The formal sector if linked with the main employment work are in the sectors of industry, construction, trade, restaurants and hotels, financial institutions, real estate, and rental.

The growth of employment absorption is in accordance with the main employment. This is reflected in the percentage of growth calculated from the change in the total population of Central Java Aged 15 Years and Over Who Worked According to the Main job from 2010 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2012. If viewed from the growth, it consists of a positive and a negative growth. Of the positive and negative growth, it can also be seen that the growth increased and decreased. The Main employment that have the positive growth in labor absorption and increasing every year are in the Industry sector, construction, trade, restaurant and hotel, Public, Social and Personal Services. While industries having a positive growth yet declining absorption are

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financial institutions, real estate, and rentals. Employments in which the growth of the labor absorption is negative, are agriculture, plantation, forestry, and fisheries and transport, storage and communication. Employments in which the growth of labor absorption is negative and then turned positive, are mining and quarrying, electricity, gas and water supply.

The main employment that absorb the most labors are agriculture, plantation, forestry, and fisheries. It shows that the population of Central Java is still largely in agriculture, plantation, forestry, and fisheries. However, the growth is negative and declining. This means that working in agriculture sector, plantation, forestry, and fisheries are dwindling.

The second main employment that absorbs the most labors are trade, restaurant and hotel. These sectors have increased every year. The growth from 2010 to 2011 was by 0.40%, and from 2010 to 2011 they continued to grow