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1.5 Writing Organization
Chapter I consists of introduction of the research which is divided into several sub- chapters namely background of the research, research problem, purposes of the
research, previous studies, and writing organization. By seeing this chapter, the reader may understand the content that is going to be discussed in the research.
Chapter II consists of reviewed of literature. In the review of literature the writer discusses the theoretical framework. The reader will know what kind of theory
used in this research by seeing this chapter. Chapter III consists of research method such as the type of the research, data
including population, sample, technique and sampling technique, method of collecting data and method of analyzing data. By seeing this chapter, the readers
know the data used and the method used to analyze the data. Chapter IV consists of data analysis. In this chapter, the writer would like to
reveal the result of the research and the detail analysis of the data by using the theories and methods that are mentioned in previous chapters.
Chapter V consists of conclusion. In this chapter, the writer would like to conclude the research by describing the result of her analysis briefly. After reading
this chapter, the readers know whether the writer gets the purposes of the research she wants or not.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter, the writer would like to explain theoretical review of the strategies used to indicate politeness. The strategies are Bald on Record strategy, Positive
Politeness Strategy, Negative Politeness Strategy, and also Off Record Strategy. Before explaining the strategies, the writer would like to introduce pragmatics as the
basic study of politeness. Then, she would like to explain FTA strongly related to politeness strategies. In addition, she would also like to explain the factors which
influence the choice of the strategies. According to Yule 1996:4, “Pragmatics is the study of the relationships
between linguistic forms and the users of those forms”. It means that this subject is related to human being and context situation. Learning pragmatics might ease people
in communication, because, people are able to know the intended meaning of somebody else’s utterances including the context.
Pragmatics is related to human’s interaction. In hisher interaction with others, heshe has to pay attention to the social and cultural background. Sometimes, heshe
has to respect each other in order to make good interaction. To respect other people,
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everyone has to consider politeness. Therefore, politeness becomes one of the units to be studied in pragmatics.
Based on Yule 1996:60, politeness is a concept of polite social behavior in a particular culture. It can be shown by showing good manners towards others.
Politeness is related to the concept of face. Based on Brown and Levinson 1978:61, face is a kind of public self-image that belongs to everyone. Everyone ought to
consider face as basic wants so that one might know each other’s desires. There are two types of face namely negative face and positive face. Negative face is a kind of
face which wants to be free from actions and free from impositions. Positive face is a kind of face which wants to be appreciated and approved of as the same group by
others. According to Brown and Levinson 1978:65-67, there are some actions that
might threat either positive face or negative face of somebody else. Those kinds of actions are called face threatening act FTA. The actions that threats negative face
include request, order, reminding, advice, suggestion and warning. Then, the actions that might thereat positive face are expression of disapproval, criticism, contradiction,
disagreement and also bringing bad news of the hearer. Furthermore, there are several actions that threat both positive face and negative face namely complaint,
interruption, threat and also strong expression of emotion. There are several ways to convey FTA. It can be conveyed directly, more politely, or indirectly. These ways are
called politeness strategies.
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2.1 On Record
