THE TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING VOCABULARY USED BY THE TEACHER OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 4 MALANG

1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I of the research contains such as background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows:

1.1 Background of the Study

Nowadays, English is very important to be learned, because English is an international language. Meanwhile, as a social creature, human being cannot life alone. They need another people to create interaction. The people can use many kinds of ways to make an interaction; those are by behavior, sign, and language. Language is an important media to communicate with another people. It is supported by Multazim (2005) that language can also be used to explore person’s opinion, to give another person direction to his or her destination, to give explanation and ask for suggestion. Sometimes, it can be used to language to share our feelings, problems and stories etc.

English also can be provided for the students to develop their skill. So, in every time the students have to learn by heart more than just the words. They have to know every word to develop their understanding the meaning and they have to acquaint the appropriate word of meaning and context correctly. In this case, the students have to learn by heart about vocabulary.

The students have to learn four English language skills that are speaking, reading, listening and writing. To comprehend the four English language skills, they should learn by heart about vocabulary. As stated by Cahyono and Widiati (2011:107) that good vocabulary mastery supports mastery of each of the language skills, both

2

receptive (listening and reading) and productive (speaking and writing). It means that vocabulary is one of the language components which are able to be mastered by practicing to use them while doing daily activity.

As stated by Yuliana (2003) that teaching English for young learners must be carefully done because the children have their own way of learning. Almost all children at young age like to play and games. It means that the teaching learning process should be compared with the nature the children themselves. It is supported by Setiana (2009) that teaching vocabulary is clearly more than just presenting new words. It also includes a decision that words should teach the basic of how frequent they use by speaker of the language. The techniques of teaching are able to help the students understand vocabulary in teaching learning process. So, if the techniques of teaching vocabulary run well both of the teacher and the students, it means that the processing of teaching run effectively.

Nowadays, most of students often get difficulties in learning English because they have low vocabulary and English grammar. They become lazy students and they think that English is not important for them. It is supported by the previous research has been done by Setiana (2009) entitled “Improving Second year Students’ Vocabulary by Using Matching Games at MTS Nurul Ulum Gadungan Malang. She found that the problems faced by the teacher, especially about vocabulary on spelling and pronunciation which has a different form, low level of students’ ability in memorizing the words and a small member of book, and the items of vocabulary that the teacher taught did not appear in UAN. Because of some reasons above, the teacher must use an appropriate techniques of teaching and learning English especially vocabulary. The

3

teacher also has to know the situation and condition in the classroom and what the techniques are suitable in this situation. So, if the teacher does not know what the techniques are suitable in the classroom, it can be problem matters in the process vocabulary teaching and learning. Another research was conducted by Haryani (2010) entitled “A Study on The Techniques of Teaching English Vocabulary for Second Year Students in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Malang.” She investigated the techniques of teaching English vocabulary used by the English teacher for second year students in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Malang and the students’ response toward the teacher’s techniques. She found that the teacher’s techniques were communicative, role play, games, question-answer display, brainstorming, and report. The students’ responses toward those techniques were very good and very enthusiastic because those techniques make the students interested in learning English vocabulary.

Based on the above explanation, the researcher is interested in conducting the research on “The techniques of teaching vocabulary used by the teacher of theseventh grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang.” The researcher chooses SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang because most of all students have lack of vocabulary in this school. The researcher has done teaching practice (PPL) and observation there, so the researcher has been known the situation and the students well. The researcher thinks that technique in teaching vocabulary is important to support the successful of learning and teaching process, especially for junior high school that are learning English vocabulary and it is important to conduct the research on techniques of teaching English vocabulary used by the teacher ofthe seventh grade students at Muhammadiyah 4

4

Malang, the way the English teacher implements the techniques in teaching and learning process, and the teacher’s reasons of using the techniques in teaching vocabulary. 1.2 Statement of problems

Based on the background of the study, the problems are formulated as follows: 1. What are the techniques of teaching vocabulary used by the teacher of the seventh

grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang?

2. How does the English teacher implement the techniques in the teaching and learning process?

3. What are the teacher’s reasons of using the techniques in teaching vocabulary? 1.3 Purpose of the Study

Concerning with the problems above, the purposes of this study are:

1. To know the techniques of teaching vocabulary used by the teacher of the seventh Grade Students at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang.

2. To know how the English teacher implements the techniques in the teaching and learning process.

3. To knowthe teacher’s reasons of using the techniques in teaching vocabulary. 1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this study is expected to be useful for English teacher, the English department students, and the next researchers. For the teacher, it is expected that the result of this study will give contribution that the English teachers will know better techniques for teaching vocabulary to the students. For English department students, the result of this study can be useful for them to know how the techniques of teaching

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vocabulary are. For the next researcher, the result of this study is expected to be used as one of references if they are interested in conduct similar studies.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

This study is focused on the techniques of teaching vocabulary used by the English teacher, the way the English teacher implements the techniques in the teaching and learning process and the teacher’s reasons of using the techniques in teaching vocabulary. This study is limited to the only teacher of English.

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

The purpose of definition of key term is to make it clear and avoid misunderstanding on the concept that is used in this study. The researcher would like to present the definition of key terms as follows:

 Techniques is any of a wide variety of exercise, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objective (Brown, 2001:16)

 Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown:7)

 Vocabulary is the basic of English mastery by appearing the knowledge words and the learners must be knowing the spelling and the meaning of the words (Suprioyo,agus:2005)

 Teacher is someone or somebody as the central force who can shape the behavior of the individual child as well as those of children in groups (Puguh in Novi,2007)

i

THE TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING VOCABULARY USED BY THE TEACHER OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP

MUHAMMADIYAH 4 MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to Achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

TRI YULVIANA WATI 201110100311126

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ii

This thesis was written by Tri Yulviana Wati and was approved on November 12, 2015

By:

Advisor II, Advisor I,

iii

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on November 12, 2015

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Dr. PoncojariWahyono, M.Kes.

Examiners: Signatures:

1.Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. 1. ………

2. Riski Lestiono, S.Pd., M.A. 2. ………

3.Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si. 3. ………

iv

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

The undersigned:

Name : Tri YulvianaWati Student ID Number : 201110100311126 Program of Study : English Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To be best of my knowledge, this thesis does not contain any certain any materials previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in text.

Malang, November 12, 2015

v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

“Sesungguhnya bersama kesulitan ada kemudahan. Maka apabila engkau telah selesai (dari sesuatu urusan), tetaplah bekerja keras (untuk urusan yang lain). Dan hanya

kepada Tuhanmu engkau berharap.” QS: Al-Insyirah: 5-8

“SUCCESS is…

liking yourself, liking what you do, and liking how you do it.” -Maya Angelou-

“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”

-Albert Einstein-

“Spending today, complaining about yesterday, won’t make tomorrow any better. Just wake up and let do the best to get your dreams.”

-Tri Yulviana Wati-

DEDICATION I dedicated this thesis especially to: My beloved Mother and Father My beloved Sister My all beloved Friends

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, the Almighty and Merciful. Praise is only to Allah, for all His abundant blessing, mercies, and guidance, so that the researcher is able to complete this thesis writing.

The researcher is fully aware that this thesis cannot be finished without other people’s help. Therefore, in this opportunity she would like to express her deep gratitude to the following people:

1. Dr. PoncojariWahyono, M. Kes, the dean of Faculty Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum., the head of English Department.

3. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si, as the first advisor who has given her support, suggestions, criticism, guidance, and motivation for writing this thesis. She has done so much to help the researcher finish this thesis.

4. Dian Arsitades W, M.Pd, as the second advisor for his guidance, advice, and feedback in writing the thesis. Thanks a lot for the spending time and energy to revise the researcher’s thesis.

5. Mulyati, S.Pd, the headmaster of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang who has given permission to conduct the research at the school.

6. Hilda Nurhalida S.IP, the English teacher of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang who helped the researcher during the research in the process of collecting the data by observing and interview.

7. The students of seventh grade at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang for their cooperation.

vii

8. Her beloved parents and hersisters who are never tired giving material, support, and pray so that the researcher is able to finish this thesis.

9. Nur Chomarudin, as the mood booster and become a good listener when the researcher complained. Thanks u so much for your support and motivation to finish this thesis well.

10.For all of her friends in English Department students 2011 class C, especially Wulan, Novi, Denok, Ismi, Nena, Eka, Silvi, and Fia who always support and motivate the researcher. To her best friends, if there ever comes a day when we can’t be together, keep me in your heart, I’ll stay there forever.

viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER……….. i

APPROVAL PAGE……… ii

LEGALIZATION………... iii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………... …… iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION……….. v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……….……….. vi

ABSTRACT………...……. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS..………. ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study……… 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems………..……… 4

1.3 Purposes of the Study………...……….. 4

1.4 Significance of the Study………...………. 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation………..………… 5

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms………..……. 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching English……… 6

2.2 Language Teaching………... 7

2.3 Teaching Vocabulary……….. 8

2.3.1 The Importance of Vocabulary………. 9

2.4 The Techniques of Teaching and Learning Vocabulary………. 10

2.4.1 Traditional Approaches and Techniques used in the Presentation of New Vocabulary Items………. 15

2.4.1.1 Visual Technique……….. 15

2.4.1.2 Verbal Technique……….. 16

2.4.1.3 Translation……… 18

2.4.2 Techniques of Student-centered Activity... 18

2.5 The Procedures of Teaching and Learning Vocabularies………... 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design………..21

3.2 Research Subject………. 22

3.3 Research Instrument………22

3.3.1 Observation Checklist……… 22

3.3.2 Semi-structured Interview………..……… 23

3.4 Data Collection………... 24

ix

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Findings………... 26

4.1.1 The Teacher’s Technique in Teaching Vocabulary………... 26

4.1.1.1 Visual……… 26

4.1.1.2 Translation……… 27

4.1.1.3 Asking Others………... 27

4.1.1.4 Using a Dictionary……… 27

4.1.1.5 Using a Game……… 27

4.1.2 The Ways of the English Teacher Implemented the Techniques in the Teaching and Learning Process……… 28

4.1.2.1 Visual……… 28

4.1.2.2 Translation……… 29

4.1.2.3 Asking Others………... 31

4.1.2.4 Using a Dictionary……… 32

4.1.2.5 Using Game Technique……….33

4.1.3 The Teacher’s Reasons of Using the Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary………... 34

4.1.3.1 Visual……… 34

4.1.3.2 Using Translation Technique……… 34

4.1.3.3 Asking Others………... 35

4.1.3.4 Using a Dictionary……… 35

4.1.3.5 Using Games………. 36

4.2 Discussion………... 36

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion……….. 38

5.2 Suggestions………... 39

REFERENCES References………. 41

APPENDIXES Appendix I……… 43

Appendix II………... 60

Appendix III……….. 66

Appendix IV………. 68

Appendix V………... 76

x

REFERENCES

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. EdisiRevisi. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.

Ary, D., Jacobs, and Razavieh, A. 2002.Introduction to Research in Education Sixth Edition.Delmond. Thomson Wadsworth Inc.

Ary, Donald, et al. 2006.Introduction to Research in Education.USA: Wardsworth. Ary, Donald, et al. 2010.Introduction to Research in Education.USA: Wardsworth. Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York:

Addison Wesley Longman.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles, an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. San Francisco. State University: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 3rd edition. San Franscisco State University.

Cahyono, Bambang Yudi (Ed.). 2010. The Teaching of English Language Skill and English Language Component. Malang: State University of Malang Press. Cahyono, Bambang Yudi and Utami Widiati. 2011. The Teaching of English as a

Foreign Language in Indonesia. Malang: State University of Malang Press. Choyimah, Nurul. 2011. Teaching Vocabulary through Discourse: The Step to Improve

Students’ Productive Vocabulary. In Cahyono, Yudi Bambang and Mukmiatien, Nur (EDS).Technique and Strategies to Enhance English Language Learning.Language Component.Malang: State University of Malang.

English Alvin W.H 1974.in Sumarsono, Puji. 2005. A study on the Technique of Teaching English Vocabulary at Out of School Education Kejar Paket B DAU Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Fachrurrazy. 2002. Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Malang: The State University of Malang.

Gairns, Ruth and Stuart Redman. 2003. Working with Words: A guide to teaching and learning vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haryani, Endang. 2010. A Study on the Techniques of Teaching English Vocabulary for Second Year Students in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman Group UK Limited.

Heriyawati.In Cahyono. 2010. The Teaching of English Language Component. Malang: State University of Malang.

xi

Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thanh and Nga, Khuat Thi Thu. 2003. Learning Vocabulary through Games. Asian EFL Journal.

Lado. R. 1964. Language Teaching: A Scientific Approach New York :mC GrawHill. McMillan, James H. and Sally Schumacher. 1993. Research in Education a Conceptual

Introduction. New York: Harper Collins College Publisher.

Multazim. 2005. A Study on Vocabulary Teaching Techniques at The Third Year Students at MA Persis Camplong Madiun in the Academic Years 2004-2005. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Nation, ISP. 1990. Teaching and LearningVocabulary. Boston Massachnsetts: A Division of Wardswroth, Inc.

Novi. 2007. Technique of Teaching English in the Fourth Year of Elementary School Mulyoagung 3 Dau – Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Setiana, Ana.2009. Improving Second Years Student’ Vocabulary by Using “Matching

Games” at MTS Nurul Ulum Gadungan – Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Setiyadi, Bambang. 2006. Teaching English as a Foreign Language.Yogyakarta. Graha Ilmu.

Sugiyono. 2006. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D). Bandung: Alfabeta.

Sumarsono, Puji. 2005. A study on the Technique of Teaching English Vocabulary at Out of School Education Kejar Paket B DAU Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Suprayono, Agus. 2005. A Study on Techniques Teaching Vocabulary Used by the Teacher at SLTPN Muhammadiyah 06 Dau Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Richards, Jack C. and Willy A, Renandya.Methodology in Language Teaching.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thornburry, Scott. 2002. How to Teach Vocabulary. England: Pearson Education Limited.

Webb, Stuart. 2007. The Effects of Synonymy on Second-language Vocabulary Learning. 19(2).Koran Women’s Junior College.

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, the Almighty and Merciful. Praise is only to Allah, for all His abundant blessing, mercies, and guidance, so that the researcher is able to complete this thesis writing.

The researcher is fully aware that this thesis cannot be finished without other people’s help. Therefore, in this opportunity she would like to express her deep gratitude to the following people:

1. Dr. PoncojariWahyono, M. Kes, the dean of Faculty Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum., the head of English Department.

3. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si, as the first advisor who has given her support, suggestions, criticism, guidance, and motivation for writing this thesis. She has done so much to help the researcher finish this thesis.

4. Dian Arsitades W, M.Pd, as the second advisor for his guidance, advice, and feedback in writing the thesis. Thanks a lot for the spending time and energy to revise the researcher’s thesis.

5. Mulyati, S.Pd, the headmaster of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang who has given permission to conduct the research at the school.

6. Hilda Nurhalida S.IP, the English teacher of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang who helped the researcher during the research in the process of collecting the data by observing and interview.

7. The students of seventh grade at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Malang for their cooperation.

vii

8. Her beloved parents and hersisters who are never tired giving material, support, and pray so that the researcher is able to finish this thesis.

9. Nur Chomarudin, as the mood booster and become a good listener when the researcher complained. Thanks u so much for your support and motivation to finish this thesis well.

10.For all of her friends in English Department students 2011 class C, especially Wulan, Novi, Denok, Ismi, Nena, Eka, Silvi, and Fia who always support and motivate the researcher. To her best friends, if there ever comes a day when we can’t be together, keep me in your heart, I’ll stay there forever.

viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER……….. i

APPROVAL PAGE……… ii

LEGALIZATION………... iii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………... …… iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION……….. v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……….……….. vi

ABSTRACT………...……. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS..………. ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study……… 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems………..……… 4

1.3 Purposes of the Study………...……….. 4

1.4 Significance of the Study………...………. 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation………..………… 5

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms………..……. 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching English……… 6

2.2 Language Teaching………... 7

2.3 Teaching Vocabulary……….. 8

2.3.1 The Importance of Vocabulary………. 9

2.4 The Techniques of Teaching and Learning Vocabulary………. 10

2.4.1 Traditional Approaches and Techniques used in the Presentation of New Vocabulary Items………. 15

2.4.1.1 Visual Technique……….. 15

2.4.1.2 Verbal Technique……….. 16

2.4.1.3 Translation……… 18

2.4.2 Techniques of Student-centered Activity... 18

2.5 The Procedures of Teaching and Learning Vocabularies………... 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design………..21

3.2 Research Subject………. 22

3.3 Research Instrument………22

3.3.1 Observation Checklist……… 22

3.3.2 Semi-structured Interview………..……… 23

3.4 Data Collection………... 24

ix

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Findings………... 26

4.1.1 The Teacher’s Technique in Teaching Vocabulary………... 26

4.1.1.1 Visual……… 26

4.1.1.2 Translation……… 27

4.1.1.3 Asking Others………... 27

4.1.1.4 Using a Dictionary……… 27

4.1.1.5 Using a Game……… 27

4.1.2 The Ways of the English Teacher Implemented the Techniques in the Teaching and Learning Process……… 28

4.1.2.1 Visual……… 28

4.1.2.2 Translation……… 29

4.1.2.3 Asking Others………... 31

4.1.2.4 Using a Dictionary……… 32

4.1.2.5 Using Game Technique……….33

4.1.3 The Teacher’s Reasons of Using the Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary………... 34

4.1.3.1 Visual……… 34

4.1.3.2 Using Translation Technique……… 34

4.1.3.3 Asking Others………... 35

4.1.3.4 Using a Dictionary……… 35

4.1.3.5 Using Games………. 36

4.2 Discussion………... 36

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion……….. 38

5.2 Suggestions………... 39

REFERENCES References………. 41

APPENDIXES Appendix I……… 43

Appendix II………... 60

Appendix III……….. 66

Appendix IV………. 68

Appendix V………... 76

x

REFERENCES

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. EdisiRevisi. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.

Ary, D., Jacobs, and Razavieh, A. 2002.Introduction to Research in Education Sixth Edition.Delmond. Thomson Wadsworth Inc.

Ary, Donald, et al. 2006.Introduction to Research in Education.USA: Wardsworth. Ary, Donald, et al. 2010.Introduction to Research in Education.USA: Wardsworth. Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York:

Addison Wesley Longman.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles, an Interactive Approach to

Language Pedagogy. San Francisco. State University: Addison Wesley

Longman, Inc.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 3rd edition. San Franscisco State University.

Cahyono, Bambang Yudi (Ed.). 2010. The Teaching of English Language Skill and English Language Component. Malang: State University of Malang Press. Cahyono, Bambang Yudi and Utami Widiati. 2011. The Teaching of English as a

Foreign Language in Indonesia. Malang: State University of Malang Press. Choyimah, Nurul. 2011. Teaching Vocabulary through Discourse: The Step to Improve

Students’ Productive Vocabulary. In Cahyono, Yudi Bambang and Mukmiatien, Nur (EDS).Technique and Strategies to Enhance English Language Learning.Language Component.Malang: State University of Malang.

English Alvin W.H 1974.in Sumarsono, Puji. 2005. A study on the Technique of Teaching English Vocabulary at Out of School Education Kejar Paket B DAU Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Fachrurrazy. 2002. Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Malang: The State University of Malang.

Gairns, Ruth and Stuart Redman. 2003. Working with Words: A guide to teaching and learning vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haryani, Endang. 2010. A Study on the Techniques of Teaching English Vocabulary for Second Year Students in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Harmer, Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of English Language Teaching. New York: Longman Group UK Limited.

Heriyawati.In Cahyono. 2010. The Teaching of English Language Component. Malang: State University of Malang.

xi

Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thanh and Nga, Khuat Thi Thu. 2003. Learning Vocabulary through Games. Asian EFL Journal.

Lado. R. 1964. Language Teaching: A Scientific Approach New York :mC GrawHill. McMillan, James H. and Sally Schumacher. 1993. Research in Education a Conceptual

Introduction. New York: Harper Collins College Publisher.

Multazim. 2005. A Study on Vocabulary Teaching Techniques at The Third Year Students at MA Persis Camplong Madiun in the Academic Years 2004-2005. Unpublished Thesis: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Nation, ISP. 1990. Teaching and LearningVocabulary. Boston Massachnsetts: A Division of Wardswroth, Inc.

Novi. 2007. Technique of Teaching English in the Fourth Year of Elementary School

Mulyoagung 3 Dau – Malang. Unpublished Thesis: University of

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Setiana, Ana.2009. Improving Second Years Student’ Vocabulary by Using “Matching

Games” at MTS Nurul Ulum Gadungan – Malang. Unpublished Thesis:

University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Setiyadi, Bambang. 2006. Teaching English as a Foreign Language.Yogyakarta. Graha Ilmu.

Sugiyono. 2006. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D). Bandung: Alfabeta.

Sumarsono, Puji. 2005. A study on the Technique of Teaching English Vocabulary at

Out of School Education Kejar Paket B DAU Malang. Unpublished Thesis:

University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Suprayono, Agus. 2005. A Study on Techniques Teaching Vocabulary Used by the

Teacher at SLTPN Muhammadiyah 06 Dau Malang. Unpublished Thesis:

University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Richards, Jack C. and Willy A, Renandya.Methodology in Language Teaching.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thornburry, Scott. 2002. How to Teach Vocabulary. England: Pearson Education Limited.

Webb, Stuart. 2007. The Effects of Synonymy on Second-language Vocabulary