Objectives and Benefits Literature Review

10 question that was raised in this thesis. For the purpose of analysis, this research will use the concept of Foreign Policy Analysis of domestic Influence. In t he book „Foreign Policy,‟ Pearson underlines that the actions foreign policy of a state is resulted from decision making process, influencing by the state‟s internal structure, which are: 1. Legislatures In parliamentary systems, legislatures play a key role in designing and implementing foreign policy. Although, in executing an international agreement, the consent of Parliament is not needed. Yet the Prime Minister requires the Parliament‟s vote if the international agreement is affected to the change of the state‟s Law. Normally, most international agreements include a few changes, therefore the Parliament allows to exercise its right to approve or disapprove the international agreements. Since Australia embraces the parliamentary system, Julia Gillard as the Prime Minister is allowed to implement Malaysia Solution without the Parliament approval as long the policy does not entail some changes to the Australian Migration Act. Unfortunately, in order to pass the policy, Gillard requires the House of Representative and the Senate approval. Because according to the Migration Act, a non- member to the U.N Refugee Convention cannot do offshore processing. In fact Malaysia is not signatory to the Convention. Therefore, the Senate will determines whether Gillard‟s bill to amend 11 the Migration Act will success or otherwise. As Pearson explained on the book „Foreign Policy,‟ „In parliamentary systems, executives, for example, prime ministers are chosen by the political parties that hold a dominant position in the legislative bodies. Often parliamentary executives do not need to submit treaties or policies for formal approval by the legislatures. Yet legislatures in parliamentary systems still hold power regarding foreign policy.‟ 28 2. Public Opinion The importance of foreign policy issues held by the citizens of a state. Due to citizen‟s direct vote on the presidential or ministerial election, public opinion has greater influence on foreign policy in democracies than in authoritarian governments. Political leaders must pay attention to what citizens think. As Pearson explained on the book „Foreign Policy,‟ 29 „It must persuade people to accept its policies, because in the end, policies are carried out by ordinary people like soldiers, workers, and bureaucrats.‟ The Gillard government can success in governing democratic society as it needs public support to survive. Because the government failure on Malaysia Solution can shift public opinion. Consequently, public prefers to favor Coalition Party ‟s policy of Pacific Solution in order to heal their disappointment. 28 Foreign Policy. The White House Oval Office. 2010. p, 136. Available at: http:www.pearsonhighered.comassetshipuship_us_pearsonhigheredsamplechapter0205059570.pdf. Accessed in the 5th of December 2014. 29 Ibid. 12

F. Research Methods

The research employs the qualitative method in the form of literature review. In his book „An Introduction to Qualitative Research,‟ Hancock expounds upon the features of qualitative research. Hancock explains qualitative research is concerned with the opinions, experiences and feelings of individuals producing subjective data. It describes social phenomena as they occur naturally. Also, there is no attempt is made to manipulate the situation under study as is the case with experimental quantitative research. For understanding of a situation is gained through a holistic perspective. In qualitative method, data are collected through literature studies and direct encounters with individuals or one to one interviews. The primary resources of this research are collected from the international and local media, relevant journals, and articles from trusted sources, such as Australian government website, educational institutions, and academic research centers that have been uploaded from internet. Other references are taken from the official website of Australian, UNHCR Australia, Amnesty International, library of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, the library of FISIP UIN Jakarta and the National Library of Indonesia.