PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUNGA TURI MERAH (Sesbania grandiflora L.Pers) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUSPUTIH JANTAN (Rattus novergicus strain wistar) HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

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HALAMAN JUDUL .....................................................................................

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...........................................................................

ii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................................

iii

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................

iv

ABSTRAK............................................................................................... ......

vii
viii

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................

ix

DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................

xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ..............................................................................

xv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................

1

1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................

1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................

2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................

3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ...............................................................

3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ..............................................................

3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................

3

1.4.1Manfaat Akademik.........................................................

3

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ..............................................................

4

1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat .............................................

4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................

5

2.1 Bunga Turi ...................................................................................

5

2.1.1 Taksonomi.....................................................................

5

ix

2.1.2 Morfologi ......................................................................

6

2.1.3 Kandungan Turi ............................................................

6

2.2 Flavonoid .....................................................................................

6

2.2.1 Flavonoid sebagai Terapi Anti Hiperlipidemia.............

7

2.2.2 Hubungan Flavonoid dengan Perlemakan hati .............

8

2.2.3Toksisitas Flavonoid ......................................................

8

2.3 Hepar ............................................................................................

9

2.3.1 Anatomi Hepar ..............................................................

9

2.3.2 Vaskularisasi Hepar ......................................................

11

2.3.3 Fisiologi Hepar..............................................................

11

2.3.4 Histologi Hepar .............................................................

15

2.3.5 Metabolisme Lemak Hepar ...........................................

17

2.4 Hiperkolesterolemia .....................................................................

17

2.4.1 Definisi ..........................................................................

17

2.4.2 Mekanisme Hiperkolesterolemia ..................................

18

2.5 Perlemakan hati ............................................................................

19

2.5.1 Definisi ..........................................................................

18

2.5.2 Patogenesis Perlemakan hati .........................................

19

2.5.3 Perubahan Histopatologi Hepar ....................................

21

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ...

25

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ...................................................................

25

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian .....................................................................

26

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................

27

4.1 Jenis Penelitian.............................................................................

27

x

4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu penelitian .......................................................

27

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ....................................................................

27

4.3.1 Populasi .........................................................................

27

4.3.2 Sampel...........................................................................

27

4.3.3 Besar Sampel ................................................................

27

4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ........................................

28

4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian ....................................

28

4.3.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi ..................................................

28

4.3.5.2 Kriteria Ekslusi .................................................

29

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................

29

4.3.6.1 Variabel bebas ...................................................

29

4.3.6.2 Variabel tergantung ...........................................

29

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional .....................................................

29

4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................

30

4.4.1 Alat ................................................................................

30

4.4.1.1 Alat Pemeliharaan Tikus ...................................

30

4.4.1.2 Alat Pembedahan tikus .....................................

30

4.4.1.3 Alat lain .............................................................

31

4.4.2 Bahan ............................................................................

31

4.4.2.1 Bahan Kimia Pembuatan Ekstrak Bunga Turi
Merah ............................................................................

31

4.4.2.2 Bahan Untuk Pembiusan Tikus.........................

31

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ......................................................................

31

4.5.1 Pembagian Kelompok Tikus .........................................

31

xi

4.5.2 Adaptasi ........................................................................

32

4.5.3 Pemberian Diet Tinggi Lemak ......................................

32

4.5.4 Pembuatan Ekstrak Bunga Turi Merah .........................

32

4.5.4.1 Dasar Penentuan Dosis Bunga Turi Merah .......

33

4.5.5 Pemberian Ekstrak Bunga Turi Merah .........................

33

4.5.6 Proses Anastesi Dan Pembedahan Hewan Coba ..........

34

4.5.6.1 Proses Anastesi .................................................

34

4.5.6.2Proses Pembedahan ............................................

34

4.5.7 Pembuatan Sediaan Histopatologi Hepar......................

35

4.6 Alur Penelitian .............................................................................

37

4.7 Analisa Data .................................................................................

38

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ..............................

39

5.1 Gambaran histopatologi hati tikus hiperkolesterolemia ................

39

5.1.1 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................

40

5.2 Analisis Data .................................................................................

40

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................

43

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .........................................................

48

7.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................

48

7.2 Saran

.......................................................................................

48

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................

49

LAMPIRAN

57

.......................................................................................

xii

Tabel 2.1 Komposisi Zat Non Gizi bunga turi merah ....................................

7

Tabel 4.1 Konversi Dosis Antar Spesies........................................................

28

Tabel 5.1 Infiltrasi sel radang pada hati .........................................................

37

Tabel 5.2 Hasil Uji Anova............................................................ .................

37

Tabel 5.3 Hasil Uji lanjut

5% Infiltrasi

sel radang.....................................................................................................

xiii

38

Gambar 2.1 Bunga Turi Merah ......................................................................

5

Gambar 2.2 Segmen Fungsional Hati ............................................................

10

Gambar 2.3 Anatomi Lobulus Hati ................................................................

10

Gambar 2.4 Histologi Lobulus Hepatikus .....................................................

17

Gambar 2.5 Histologi Hepar ..........................................................................

17

Gambar 2.6 Radang fokal ..............................................................................

22

Gambar 2.7 Fibrosis hati ................................................................................

22

Gambar 2.8 Nekrosis periportal .....................................................................

24

Gambar 5.1. Gambaran Histopatologi Hati Tikus (pengecatan HE,
perbesaran 400x) pada berbagai kelompok....................................................

37

Gambar 5.2 Grafik regresi linear infiltrasi sel radang ............................................

39

xiv

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