Sentences in present perfect tense are form by adding havehas + non verb noun. Passive sentences in present perfect tense are form by adding havehas + been+ verb3. Negative sentences in present perfect tense is form by adding havehas + not.

27 B. Negative sentence in present perfect tense by adding havehas. Pattern: Subject + HaveHas + Not + Past Participle + Object + Complement. Examples: No Present Perfect Tense Page 1. He has not drawn from me himself. 45 2. He has not drawn his information from authentic sources. 61 C. Interrogative sentences in present perfect tense are forms by adding havehas as question word. Pattern: HaveHas + Past Participle + Object + Complement? Examples: No Present Perfect Tense Page 1. Has he taken off his doublet? 11 2. Has Madame Bonancieux entrusted you with anything for her husband or any other person? 86 D. Sentences in present perfect tense are form by adding havehas + non verb noun. Pattern: Subject + HaveHas + Been + Non Verb noun. Examples: No Present Perfect Tense Page 1. You long line of noble ancestors entitles you-support with 6 Universitas Sumatera Utara 28 dignity the name of gentleman, which has been honourablyborne by your ancestors, for the sake of you and yours, for more than 500 years. 2. We have been unsuccessful in our attempt to portray the true character of our adventure. 41 3. You have been in my house. 77 E. Passive sentences in present perfect tense are form by adding havehas + been+ verb3. Pattern: Subject + HaveHas + Been + Verb3 + Object + Complement. Examples: No Present Perfect Tense Page 1. You have been taught to handle the sword. 7 2. It has been taken from you. 16 3. I have been named Louis the just. 62 4. My wife has been entrapped. 75 5. We have been engaged in authorship for fifteen years. 85 Universitas Sumatera Utara 29 F. Negative sentences in present perfect tense is form by adding havehas + not. Pattern: Subject + HaveHas + Not + Been + Verb3 + Object + Complement. Example: No Present Perfect Tense Page 1. Have I not been obeyed? 12 G. Informative question in present perfect tense used WH question are form by adding havehas + been + V3. Pattern: WH + Have Have + Subject + Been + Verb3 + Object + Complement. Examples: No Present Perfect Tense Page 1. Whom has she been abducted? 74 2. When an individual has been arrested, in any house whatever, on suspicion of some crime? 85 4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense used to express the action in the past, and still continuing at the present of the moment. Present perfect continuous tense has the form in the sentence pattern. They are used verb and non verb. The form of the verb has two different kinds: Universitas Sumatera Utara 30 active and passive. Present perfect continuous tense is the form by adding havehas+ been+ ing. The pattern of sentences is present perfect continuous tense as the following. In the novel, the writer found only use active sentences in present perfect continuous tense. Pattern: Subject + HaveHas + Been + Verb-ing + Object + Complement. Example: No Present Perfect Continuous Tense Page 1. He has been doing, Madame. 89 5 Simple Past Tense Past Tense used to express an action when a definite point of time in the past habit, and in conditional sentence. Modifiers indicating time often specified a definite time in the past, but in some situation the time is not specified. The time of the action is indefinitely, for example: yesterday, last night, this morning, yesterday afternoon, last week, last month, last year, a week ago, two months ago. Simple past tense has two kinds of sentence pattern they are used verb and non verb. Besides that, the verb of sentences pattern has two different kinds: active and passive. A. 1 AffirmativePositive sentence in simple past tense is form by adding ed to the infinitive for regular verb. Pattern: Subject + Verb2 Regular Verb. Universitas Sumatera Utara 31 Examples: No Simple Past Tense Page 1. On the first Monday of the month of April, 1625, the small town of Meung, the birthplace of the author of the “Romance of the Rose’ appeared to be in a state of revolution, as a complete as if the Huguenots were come to make a second siege of la Rochele. 5 2. M.d’Artagnan loved his son. 7 3. D’Artagnan himself turned to face this shower of blows, his opponent put up his sword with the same calm. 10 4. He returned to the window, and viewed the crowd with evident marks of impatience. 11 5. He made him comprehend that the police might be severe on him for having attacked a great lord. 12 6. M.de Treville, as his family was yet called in Gascony or M.de Treville as he called himself in Paris. 17 7. Treville only wanted an opportunity; but he watched for it. 18 8. You lived at that of your countrymen. 19 9. On the day when d’Artagnan presented himself, the assembly was very imposing, especially to a provincial just arrived in Paris. 19 10. He perceived that they turned to look at him. 20 Universitas Sumatera Utara 32 11. I killed one fellow with his own sword. 27 12. M.de Treville seized his hand, and pressed it with much warmth. 28 13. M.de Treville turned around and found himself alone with the young man. 29 14. He called her “my lady”. 31 15. I certainly committed that imprudence. 31 16. I frequently covered myself with it or no. 31 17. The musketeers saluted Biscarrat with their swords, and returned them to their scabbards. 49 18. The king placed himself in an attentive posture. 52 19. He died yesterday. 60 20. He carried himself, Athos took at once the rank to which he was entitled and sent the foppish back to the second place. 67 21. D’Artagnan retired with this promise, and entered on his service the next day. 72 22. My wife pointed him out one day. 76 23. He listened to this profound opinion. 80 24. D’Artagnan stopped at this idea. 86 25. Madame Bonancieux looked earnestly at the young man. 90 26. He tapped three times-two taps together. 91 Universitas Sumatera Utara 33 A. 2 AffirmativePositive sentence in simple past tense is form by adding V2 to the infinitive for irregular verb. Pattern: Subject + Verb2 Irregular Verb. Examples: No Simple Past Tense Page 1. At a time when everyone knew something of horses, the apparition of t he aforesaid sheltie at Meung. 6 2. Our youth took his way the same day, furnished with the three paternal gifts. 8 3. They took care only to laugh on one side of their face, like the ancient masques. 8 4. D’Artagnan made these observations with the rapidity of the most minute observer, and doubtless with an instinct which told him that this unknown was to have a vast influence on his future life. 9 5. D’Artagnan made such a furious thrust at him. 10 6. He made him comprehend that the police might be severe on him for having attacked a great lord. 12 7. The lady and gentleman therefore went off at a gallop towards the opposite ends of the street. 13 8. D’Artagnan left his couch, went down to the kitchen. 14 9. D’Artagnan went to draw it in earnest, he found himself armed only with the stump. 15 Universitas Sumatera Utara 34 10. He went into the kitchen. 16 11. He took possession of his lodging. 16 12. He went to bed and slept the sleep of the brave. 17 13. He saw the formidable picked guard with which Louis surrounded himself. 18 14. They met them indulging in the open street in a thousand jokes. 19 15. He heard around him. 21 16. I paid twelve pistols for it. 22 17. I met you the other Sunday. 22 18. I heard it from Aramis, answered the musketeers. 23 19. I told it you myself yesterday evening. 23 20. You told us of it yesterday evening. 23 21. He saw very well that his thin dregs required to be enlivened by some good and generous wine. 26 22. I left the province. 30 23. He gave her a box, which he said contained her instructions and desired her not to open it until she arrived in London. 31 24. He even went down to the ferry, returned by the Rue de Seine and La Croi Rouge. 36 25. He gave himself the following rebukes as a guard for the future. 37 26. D’Artagnan came in sight of the small open space in front of the convent. 42 Universitas Sumatera Utara 35 27. We saw you fighting. 46 28. He broke his sword across his knee. 46 29. They saw my musketeer, they changed their intentions and forgot their individual and personal hatred, to indulge their enmity towards our corps. 51 30. D’Artagnan kept his ground firmly. 55 31. I saw the horses harnessed to the cardinal’s carriage. 57 32. He saw them enter his apartment. 58 33. We ran him for six hours. 60 34. You told me it was a young man. 64 35. They saw him enter, covered with perspiration and furious. 79 36. He came to demand his rent. 83 37. M.de Treville knew nothing about it. 85 38. People went to bed early in the quarter of the Luxembourg. 88 39. I got out of the window, and hurried here where I expected to find my husband. 89 B. Negative sentences in simple past tense by adding did. Pattern: Subject + Did + Not + Verb1. Examples: No Simple Past Tense Page 1. We did not yield ourselves up. 27 Universitas Sumatera Utara 36 2. I did not know the circumstances. 27 3. He did not kill me at once. 37 4. I did not see the handkerchief fall from the pocket of M.Aramis. 39 5. He did not permit him to have his own way. 48 6. I did not wish for any other defender with his majesty than yourself. 63 7. I did not deceive myself. 63

C. 1 Interrogative sentences in simple past tense are form by adding did as