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4.3. Logistic Regression
4.3.1. Logistic Regression Equation
The goal of logistic regression is to find the best fitting model to describe the relationship between the dichotomous characteristic of
interest deforestation and the set of independent variable, they are: • LogR_Riv
β
1
, distance from River 1 km • LogR_Road
β
2
, distance from road 1 km • LogR_SL
β
3
Shore LineCoast Line, distance from coast line 1 km
• LogR_CP β
4
Center of Population, distance from sub_district office as a point center of population 10 km.
• LogR_Com β
5
CompassAspect • LogR_SLP
β
6
Slope • LogR_Alt
β
7
Altitude, with topographic 250 and ≥ 250
meters
Logistic regression generates the coefficients of equation to predict the transformation of the probability of occurrence of
deforestation. An independent variable with a regression coefficient not significantly different 0 Sig. 0.05 can be removed from the
regression model. If Sig. 0.05 means that the variables can contribute significantly to predict the outcomes variable.
Table 4.1 is showing the distribution value of coefficients as the result of SPSS program process.
In SPSS Program, there are some methods to select the way independent variables are entered into the model. Two of them are
Forward and Stepwise. Forward is a method that entered significant variables sequentially, and Stepwise is method that entered variables
sequentially; and after entering a variable in the model, checked and
52 possibly remove variables that become non-significant. In this study,
it uses Forward Stepwise with Likelihood Ratio.
Table 4.1 Variables not in the Equation
Score df
Sig. LOGR_RIV
53.245 1
.000 LOGR_ROA
93.857 1
.000 LOGR_SL
42.649 1
.000 LOGR_CP
54.188 1
.000 LOGR_COM
5.146 1
.023 LOGR_SLP
12.191 1
.000 Variables
LOGR_ALT 2.964
1 .085
Step 0
Overall Statistics 230.667
7 .000
After removing the non-significant variables that Sig. is greater than 0.05, from Table 4.1, it can be seen that LogR_Alt
altitude is non-significant variable to be entered further to the model.
By introducing the entire sample data to the specific logistic regression model, in the first step, the variable of road distance 1,000
meters LogR_Road entered to the model Table 4.2. And the next variables will be entered by the program, and displayed by step by
step and shown in Appendix III. Table 4.2 is only showing the sixth step, since this step will be used for analyzing.
After the sixth step, there is no independent variable could enter to the model. This means that the only remained variable i.e
altitude, could not cause any significant improvement to the performance of the model and its suitability with the data. This can
be both because of the irrelevance of this variable to the phenomenon, and the altitude is relative to be flat area.
The altitude is divided into ≥ 250 and 250 meters with
portions 2581 pixels 23.4 and 8433 76.6. The altitude ≥ 250
meters is limited the highest area of this study area, but according to
Supriatna, et al. 1994 in Tropenbos 1997 that altitude range of forest area in both Natural Reserve Cagar Alam Cibanteng and
Wildlife Reserve Suaka Margasatwa Cikepuh 0 - 235 meters. Since
the study area is relatively flat, with no wavy topography and with the ratio less or greater 250 meters, it must not be influenced to
deforestation or stable occurrence. In this case deforestation or stable condition is not determined
by the limitation altitude at least until 250 meters from sea level high.
Table 4.2
. Variables in the equation
a Variables entered on step 1: LOGR_ROA. β
S.E. Wald
df Sig.
ExpB Step 6f
LOGR_RIV -.232
.042 30.593
1 .000
.793 LOGR_ROA
1.130 .135
70.293 1
.000 3.097
LOGR_SL .348
.046 57.956
1 .000
1.416 LOGR_CP
.354 .080
19.584 1
.000 1.425
LOGR_COM .082
.041 3.968
1 .046
1.086 LOGR_SLP
-.150 .055
7.506 1
.006 .861
Constant -.238
.055 18.903
1 .000
.788 b Variables entered on step 2: LOGR_RIV.
c Variables entered on step 3: LOGR_SL. d Variables entered on step 4: LOGR_CP.
e Variables entered on step 5: LOGR_SLP. f Variables entered on step 6: LOGR_COM.
The logistic regression equation becomes:
Once an adequate model has been obtained, the next step is to
test the significance of the parameters estimates.
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4.3.2. Significance Test of Model and Predictors