34
4. Test
The test used in this study is pre-test and post-test. The pre-test is done before implementing jigsaw
technique. It is to measure students’ ability in writing narrative text at first. Meanwhile, the post-test is
implemented after using jigsaw technique. The test is held on every second action of each cycle
.
E. The Technique of Data Analysis
The techniques of data analysis consists of data from observation, data from interview, data from distributing questionnaire, and data from the
test pre-test and post-test. The analysis qualitative data is used to measure data from observation and interview, while the analysis quantitative data is
used to measure data from questionnaire and tests. In analyzing numerical data, the writer finds out the average of
students’ writing score per action within one cycle. It uses the formula:
6
X
: mean X
i
: individual score n : number of students
Next, to know the class percentage which pass the Minimum Mastery Criterion- Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal KKM 70, the writer uses
the formula:
7
6
Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67
7
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistika Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p.43
n xi
X
P =
100
N F
35
P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N : number of students
The last, after mean of students’ scores per action is gained, the writer analyzes whether there is or there is no improvement scores on
writing from pre-test up to post-test score in cycle 1 and cycle 2. She uses the formula:
8
P : percentage of students’ improvement
y : pre-test result
y
1
: post-test 1
P : percentage of students’ improvement
y : pre-test result
y
2
: post-test 2 The formula used to analyze data from the percentage of
questionnaire result:
n = number of students who answered the option N = number of all students in the class
For assessing students’ writing, the researcher used analytical scoring to get students’ score in writing. According to Weigle, there are four
aspects that will be specific purpose in scoring. It was used a scale to reflect the instructional focus.
9
8
David E. Meltzer, The Relattionship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores,Iowa:
Departmentof Physic and Astronomy, 2008, p.3
9
Sara Cushing Weigle, Assessing Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 116
P = 100
1
y y
y
P =
100
2
y y
y
100
N
n
Kategori