2. The Genre Analysis
To get the concept about genre analysis, the considering of genre analysis is the study of spoken and written discourse for practical ends in
the general values of it.
8
The following explanation is also stated in Swales‟ book:
In particular, it tries to show that a genre-centered approach offers a workable way of making sense of the myriad communicative
events that occur in the contemporary English-speaking academy –
a sense-making directly relevant to those concerned with devising English course and, by extension, to those participating in such
courses.
9
It implies the way that can be applied to the communicative events is a genre-centered approach that is intended for those who are involved or
interested in this field. Making a concept of genre analysis is quite simple. For example in
written discourse, a given text is analyzed in such a way that the analyst acquires the necessary information to determine which genre the text could
be said to belong to. The analysis process is not focus on the information content of the texts but focus on the three features, social function, generic
structure, and linguistic feature.
3. The Genre of Reading Text
Reading text is able to be divided into two, literary texts and factual text. According to the Anderson, literary texts are divided into
three main text types: narrative, poetic, and dramatic, but explanation, discussion, exposition, information report, recount, factual description,
procedure, and procedural recount text are included in factual texts.
10
Furthermore, students are able to learn kinds of reading texts such as recount, report, discussion, explanation, exposition, new item, anecdote,
8
Ibid., p. 1.
9
Ibid.
10
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3, South Yarrra: Macmillan, 1998, p. 2.
narrative, description, procedure, and review. At least, there are five reading texts relate to monolog text in the form of procedure, descriptive,
recount, narrative, and report text
11
and each of them should provide linguistic feature, generic structure, and social function.
a. Narrative Text
A popular genre that commonly entertains readers and has power to change social opinion and attitudes is narrative.
12
It means readers can find the narrative text in such science fiction
book, historical fiction, and fairytales that use narrative to raise topical social issue and present their complexities. The
following features of narrative text are: 1.
Constructing a Narrative It consists of three parts: Orientation, sequencing a series of
events, and resolution.
13
Orientation introduces the reader or listener to the people, time, and place. It also uses the
sequence to describe how the characters react to the problem. Then, the resolution tells about the characters in
the story solve the problem. 2.
Grammatical Features of Narrative The following grammatical features of narrative are:
a. Using action verbs and temporal connectives when
sequencing people and events in time and space, action, and creating effective images;
b. Using rhythm and repetition to make certain effects;
c. It is written in the past tense unless quoting direct
speech; d.
It also plays with sentence structure.
14
11
Standar Isi untuk Satuan Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, Jakarta: BSNP, 2006, p. 124.
12
Peter Knapp and Megan Watkins, Genre, Text, Grammar: Technology for Teaching and Assessing Writing, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2005, pp. 220-221.
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