Perbedaan Kadar Magnesium Serum Antara Pasien Dengan Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) Stabil dan PPOK Eksaserbasi
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anzueto A. β010, ‟ Impact Of Exacerbations On COPD‟, Eur Respir Rev, vol 19, no. 116,
pp.113–118.
Aziz, HS. , Blamoun, AI. , Shubair, MK. , Ismail, MMF. , DeBari, VA. , Anees – Khan, M.,
2005,„ Serum Magnesium Levels and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Study‟, Ann Clin Lab Sci, vol 35, no.4, pp.423
– 427.
Barnes, PJ., Shaphiro, SD., Pauwels, RA., β00γ, „Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:
molecular and cellular mechanisms‟,Eur Respir J, vol 22, pp.672–688.
Bhatt, SP., Khandelwal, P., Nanda, S., Stoltzfus, J.C., Fioravanti, G.T., β008, „Serum
Magnesium Is An Independent Predictor Frequent Readmission Due To Acute
Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease‟, Respir Med, vol 10β,
no.7, pp.999 – 1003.
British Medical Research Council, β008, „The MRC breathlessness scale‟, Occ Med, vol 58,
pp.226–227.
Burkhardt, R., Pankow, W., β014, „The Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Diease‟, Dtsch Arztebl Int, vol 111, pp.8γ4–46.
Burge, S., Wedzicha, J.A., β00γ,„ COPD Exacerbation: Definition And Classifications‟. Eur
Respir J, vol 21, Suppl. 41, pp.46s – 53s.
Celli, B.R., Barnes, P.J., β007,‟Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease‟,
Eur Respir J, vol 29, pp.1224–1238.
Cosio, M.G., Saetta, M., Agusti, A., β009, „Immunologic Aspects of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease‟, N Engl J Med, vol γ60, pp.2445-54.
Dahlan, S., β01γ, „Besar Sampel Dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel Dalam Penelitian
Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan‟, Jakarta, Salemba Medica, pp.68-72.
Edwards, L., β014, „Three Aspects In The Treatment Of Acute Exacerbations Of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Rôle Of Nebulised Magnesium, The Risks Of
Oxygen And The Utility Of The CRB-65 Score‟, Thesis, Cardiff University..
Emelyanov, A., Fedoseev, G., Barnes, P.J., 1999, „Reduced Intracellular Magnesium
Concentrations In Asthmatic Patients‟, Eur Respir J, vol 13, pp.38 – 40.
Garcia-Rio, F., Miravitlles, M., Soriano, J.B., Munoz, L., Duran-Tauleria, E., Sanchez, G.,
Sobradillo, V., Ancochea, J., EPI-SCAN Steering Committee et al, 2010, „ Systemic
Inflammation In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based
Study‟. Respiratory Research, vol 11, pp.63 – 77.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
GlaxoSmithKline
Group,
COPD
Assessment
Test.
http://www.catestonline.org/images/pdfs/BahasaMalayCATest.pdf
(diakses
28
Oktober 2015)
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease. 2015, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(GOLD).
Immanuel, S., Anggraini, I., β006, „The Reference Range Of Serum, Plasma, And
Erythrocyte Magnesium‟, Med J Indones, vol 15, no.4, pp.ββ9 – 35.
Ismail, A.A.A., Ismail, N.A., β016, „Magnesium: a mineral essential for health yet generally
underestimated or even ignored‟, J Nutr Food Sci, vol 6, no.4.
Jiang, R., Burke, G.L., Enright, P.L., Newman, A.B., Margolis, H.G., Cushman, M., Tracy,
R.P., Wang, Y., Kronmal, R.A., Barr, R.G, 2008, „Inflammatory Markers and
Longitudinal Lung Function Decline in the Elderly‟, Am J Epidemiol, vol 168, pp.
602–610.
Kessler, R., Partridge, M.R., Miravitlles, M., Cazzola, M., Vogelmeier, C., Leynaud, D.,
Ostinelli, J., β011, „Symptom variability in patients with severe COPD: a panEuropean crosssectional study‟, Eur Respir J, vol γ7, pp.β64–272.
Kjeldgaard, P., Dahl, R., Løkke,A., Ulrik, C.S., 2015, „Detection of COPD in a high-risk
population: should the diagnostic work-up include bronchodilator reversibility
testing?‟ ,Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol 10, pp.407–414.
Kshirsagar, K.R., Lomate, S.A., Aundhakar, S.C., Patil, R., Jain, V., Agarwal, S., Patil, N.,
β015, „Serum Magnesium Level in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease‟,Thesis, Khrisna Institute of Medical Sciences.
Malhotra, D., Thimmulappa, R., Navas-Acien, A., Sandford, A., Elliott, M., Singh, A., Chen,
L., Zhuang, X., Hogg, J., Pare, P., Tuder, R.M., Biswal, S., β008, „Decline in NRF2regulated Antioxidants in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Lungs Due to
Loss of Its Positive Regulator, DJ-1‟, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol 178, pp.592–
604.
Mazur, A., Maier, J.A.M., Rock, E., Gueux, E., Nowacki, W., Rayssiguier, Y., 2007,
„Magnesium And The Inflammatory Response: Potential Physiopathological
Implications‟ , Arch Biochem Bioph, vol. 458, pp.48-56.
Mukerji, S., Shahpuri, B., Clayton-Smith, B., Smith, N., Armstrong, P., Hardy, M., Marchant,
G., Marsh, E., β015, „Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate As An Adjuvant Therapy In
Acute Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Single Centre,
Randomised, Double-Blinded, Parallel Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial: A Pilot
Study‟ , N Z Med J, vol. 1β8, no. 14β5.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Novrin, β015, „Perbandingan Kadar Fibrinogen Pada Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik
(PPOK) eksaserbasi akut dengan PPOK stabil‟ , Tesis, Program Studi Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam FK – USU.
Oemiati, R., 2013, „Kajian Epidemiologis Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK)‟, Media
Litbangkes, vol. 23, no.2, pp.82-8.
Parker, C.M., Voduc, N., Aaron, S.D., Webb, K.A., O‟Donnell, D.E., β005, „Physiological
Changes During Symptom Recovery From Moderate Exacerbations Of COPD‟ , Eur
Respir J, vol 26, pp.420–428.
Peinado, V.I., Pizarro, S., Barbera, J.A., β008, „Pulmonary Vascular Involvement in COPD‟ ,
Chest, vol. 134, no. 4, pp.809 – 814.
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia, 2003, Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK),
Pedoman Diagnostik dan Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia.
Price, D., Freeman, D., Cleland, J., Kaplan, A., Cerasoli, F., β011, „Earlier diagnosis and
earlier treatment of COPD in primary care‟ ,Prim Care Respir J, vol. 20, no.1, pp.1522.
Rodrigo – Roisin, R., β000, „Toward a Consensus Definition for COPD Exacerbations‟
,Chest, vol. 117, no. 5, pp.398 – 401.
Ruljancic, N., Popovic – Grie, S., Rumenjak, V., Sokolic, S., Malic, A., Mihanovic, M.,
Cepelak, I., β007, „COPD: Magnesium In The Plasma And Polymorfonuclear Cells
Of Patients During A Stable Phase‟ , Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol. 4, pp.417.
Saris, N.L., Mervaala, E., Karppanen, H., Khawaja, J.A., Lewenstam, A., β000, „Magnesium:
An Update On Physiological, Clinical, And Analytical Aspects‟ ,J Clinica Chimica
Acta, vol. 294.
Sidabutar, P., Rasmaliah, Hiswani, 2013 , „Karakteristik Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruksi
Kronik (PPOK) Yang Dirawat Inap di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun β01β‟
,Skripsi, FKM USU.
Silajiya, D., Modi, U., Variekar, N., Vyaa, N.J., β016 , „Immediate Effect Of Magnesium
Sulphate (MgSO4) Nebulization In Post – Operative Cardiac Patients With COPD‟ ,
Int J Ther Rehabil, vol. 5, no.5, pp.52-4.
Singh, J.P., Kohli, S., Devi, A., Mahajan, S., β01β ,„Serum Magnesium in COPD Patients
Attending a Tertiary Hospital – a Cross Sectional Study‟ , JK Sci, vol. 14, no.4,
pp.185-90.
Solooki, M., Miri, M., Mokhtari, M., Valai, M., Sistanizad, M., Kouchek, M., 2014,
„Magnesium Sulfate in Exacerbations of COPD in Patients Admitted to Internal
Medicine Ward‟ , Iran J Pharm Res, vol. 1γ, no.4, pp.1βγ5-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Stockley, R.A., β014, „Biomarkers In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Confusing Or
Useful?‟ , Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol. 9, pp.16γ–177.
Tam, M., Gomez, S., Gonzales – Gross, M., Marcos, A., β00γ, „Possible roles of magnesium
on the immune system‟ , Eur J Clin Nutr, vol.57, pp.119γ–1197.
Tantucci, C., Modina, D., β01β, „Lung Function Decline In COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct
Pulmon Dis‟ ,vol 7, pp.95–99.
Vestbo, J., Hurd, S.S., Agusti, A.G., Jones, P.W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A.,Barnes, P.J.,
Fabbri, L.M., Martinez, F.J., Nishimura, M., Stockley, R.A., Sin, D.D., RodriguezRoisin, R., β01γ, „Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease : GOLD Executive Summary‟ ,Am J
Respir Crit Care Med, vol.187, no.4, pp.347–365.
White, A.J., Gompertz, S., Stockley, R.A., β00γ, „Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 6:
The Aetiology Of Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease‟ ,
Thorax, vol.58, pp.73-80.
Zwar, N.A., Marks, G.B., Hermiz, O., Middleton, S., Comino, E.J., Hasan, I., Vagholkar, S.,
Wilson, S.F., β011, „Predictors Of Accuracy Of Diagnosis Of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease In General Practice‟ , MJA, vol.195, pp.168–171.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Anzueto A. β010, ‟ Impact Of Exacerbations On COPD‟, Eur Respir Rev, vol 19, no. 116,
pp.113–118.
Aziz, HS. , Blamoun, AI. , Shubair, MK. , Ismail, MMF. , DeBari, VA. , Anees – Khan, M.,
2005,„ Serum Magnesium Levels and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Study‟, Ann Clin Lab Sci, vol 35, no.4, pp.423
– 427.
Barnes, PJ., Shaphiro, SD., Pauwels, RA., β00γ, „Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:
molecular and cellular mechanisms‟,Eur Respir J, vol 22, pp.672–688.
Bhatt, SP., Khandelwal, P., Nanda, S., Stoltzfus, J.C., Fioravanti, G.T., β008, „Serum
Magnesium Is An Independent Predictor Frequent Readmission Due To Acute
Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease‟, Respir Med, vol 10β,
no.7, pp.999 – 1003.
British Medical Research Council, β008, „The MRC breathlessness scale‟, Occ Med, vol 58,
pp.226–227.
Burkhardt, R., Pankow, W., β014, „The Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Diease‟, Dtsch Arztebl Int, vol 111, pp.8γ4–46.
Burge, S., Wedzicha, J.A., β00γ,„ COPD Exacerbation: Definition And Classifications‟. Eur
Respir J, vol 21, Suppl. 41, pp.46s – 53s.
Celli, B.R., Barnes, P.J., β007,‟Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease‟,
Eur Respir J, vol 29, pp.1224–1238.
Cosio, M.G., Saetta, M., Agusti, A., β009, „Immunologic Aspects of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease‟, N Engl J Med, vol γ60, pp.2445-54.
Dahlan, S., β01γ, „Besar Sampel Dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel Dalam Penelitian
Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan‟, Jakarta, Salemba Medica, pp.68-72.
Edwards, L., β014, „Three Aspects In The Treatment Of Acute Exacerbations Of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Rôle Of Nebulised Magnesium, The Risks Of
Oxygen And The Utility Of The CRB-65 Score‟, Thesis, Cardiff University..
Emelyanov, A., Fedoseev, G., Barnes, P.J., 1999, „Reduced Intracellular Magnesium
Concentrations In Asthmatic Patients‟, Eur Respir J, vol 13, pp.38 – 40.
Garcia-Rio, F., Miravitlles, M., Soriano, J.B., Munoz, L., Duran-Tauleria, E., Sanchez, G.,
Sobradillo, V., Ancochea, J., EPI-SCAN Steering Committee et al, 2010, „ Systemic
Inflammation In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based
Study‟. Respiratory Research, vol 11, pp.63 – 77.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
GlaxoSmithKline
Group,
COPD
Assessment
Test.
http://www.catestonline.org/images/pdfs/BahasaMalayCATest.pdf
(diakses
28
Oktober 2015)
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease. 2015, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(GOLD).
Immanuel, S., Anggraini, I., β006, „The Reference Range Of Serum, Plasma, And
Erythrocyte Magnesium‟, Med J Indones, vol 15, no.4, pp.ββ9 – 35.
Ismail, A.A.A., Ismail, N.A., β016, „Magnesium: a mineral essential for health yet generally
underestimated or even ignored‟, J Nutr Food Sci, vol 6, no.4.
Jiang, R., Burke, G.L., Enright, P.L., Newman, A.B., Margolis, H.G., Cushman, M., Tracy,
R.P., Wang, Y., Kronmal, R.A., Barr, R.G, 2008, „Inflammatory Markers and
Longitudinal Lung Function Decline in the Elderly‟, Am J Epidemiol, vol 168, pp.
602–610.
Kessler, R., Partridge, M.R., Miravitlles, M., Cazzola, M., Vogelmeier, C., Leynaud, D.,
Ostinelli, J., β011, „Symptom variability in patients with severe COPD: a panEuropean crosssectional study‟, Eur Respir J, vol γ7, pp.β64–272.
Kjeldgaard, P., Dahl, R., Løkke,A., Ulrik, C.S., 2015, „Detection of COPD in a high-risk
population: should the diagnostic work-up include bronchodilator reversibility
testing?‟ ,Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol 10, pp.407–414.
Kshirsagar, K.R., Lomate, S.A., Aundhakar, S.C., Patil, R., Jain, V., Agarwal, S., Patil, N.,
β015, „Serum Magnesium Level in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease‟,Thesis, Khrisna Institute of Medical Sciences.
Malhotra, D., Thimmulappa, R., Navas-Acien, A., Sandford, A., Elliott, M., Singh, A., Chen,
L., Zhuang, X., Hogg, J., Pare, P., Tuder, R.M., Biswal, S., β008, „Decline in NRF2regulated Antioxidants in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Lungs Due to
Loss of Its Positive Regulator, DJ-1‟, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol 178, pp.592–
604.
Mazur, A., Maier, J.A.M., Rock, E., Gueux, E., Nowacki, W., Rayssiguier, Y., 2007,
„Magnesium And The Inflammatory Response: Potential Physiopathological
Implications‟ , Arch Biochem Bioph, vol. 458, pp.48-56.
Mukerji, S., Shahpuri, B., Clayton-Smith, B., Smith, N., Armstrong, P., Hardy, M., Marchant,
G., Marsh, E., β015, „Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate As An Adjuvant Therapy In
Acute Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Single Centre,
Randomised, Double-Blinded, Parallel Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial: A Pilot
Study‟ , N Z Med J, vol. 1β8, no. 14β5.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Novrin, β015, „Perbandingan Kadar Fibrinogen Pada Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik
(PPOK) eksaserbasi akut dengan PPOK stabil‟ , Tesis, Program Studi Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam FK – USU.
Oemiati, R., 2013, „Kajian Epidemiologis Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK)‟, Media
Litbangkes, vol. 23, no.2, pp.82-8.
Parker, C.M., Voduc, N., Aaron, S.D., Webb, K.A., O‟Donnell, D.E., β005, „Physiological
Changes During Symptom Recovery From Moderate Exacerbations Of COPD‟ , Eur
Respir J, vol 26, pp.420–428.
Peinado, V.I., Pizarro, S., Barbera, J.A., β008, „Pulmonary Vascular Involvement in COPD‟ ,
Chest, vol. 134, no. 4, pp.809 – 814.
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia, 2003, Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK),
Pedoman Diagnostik dan Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia.
Price, D., Freeman, D., Cleland, J., Kaplan, A., Cerasoli, F., β011, „Earlier diagnosis and
earlier treatment of COPD in primary care‟ ,Prim Care Respir J, vol. 20, no.1, pp.1522.
Rodrigo – Roisin, R., β000, „Toward a Consensus Definition for COPD Exacerbations‟
,Chest, vol. 117, no. 5, pp.398 – 401.
Ruljancic, N., Popovic – Grie, S., Rumenjak, V., Sokolic, S., Malic, A., Mihanovic, M.,
Cepelak, I., β007, „COPD: Magnesium In The Plasma And Polymorfonuclear Cells
Of Patients During A Stable Phase‟ , Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol. 4, pp.417.
Saris, N.L., Mervaala, E., Karppanen, H., Khawaja, J.A., Lewenstam, A., β000, „Magnesium:
An Update On Physiological, Clinical, And Analytical Aspects‟ ,J Clinica Chimica
Acta, vol. 294.
Sidabutar, P., Rasmaliah, Hiswani, 2013 , „Karakteristik Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruksi
Kronik (PPOK) Yang Dirawat Inap di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun β01β‟
,Skripsi, FKM USU.
Silajiya, D., Modi, U., Variekar, N., Vyaa, N.J., β016 , „Immediate Effect Of Magnesium
Sulphate (MgSO4) Nebulization In Post – Operative Cardiac Patients With COPD‟ ,
Int J Ther Rehabil, vol. 5, no.5, pp.52-4.
Singh, J.P., Kohli, S., Devi, A., Mahajan, S., β01β ,„Serum Magnesium in COPD Patients
Attending a Tertiary Hospital – a Cross Sectional Study‟ , JK Sci, vol. 14, no.4,
pp.185-90.
Solooki, M., Miri, M., Mokhtari, M., Valai, M., Sistanizad, M., Kouchek, M., 2014,
„Magnesium Sulfate in Exacerbations of COPD in Patients Admitted to Internal
Medicine Ward‟ , Iran J Pharm Res, vol. 1γ, no.4, pp.1βγ5-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Stockley, R.A., β014, „Biomarkers In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Confusing Or
Useful?‟ , Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, vol. 9, pp.16γ–177.
Tam, M., Gomez, S., Gonzales – Gross, M., Marcos, A., β00γ, „Possible roles of magnesium
on the immune system‟ , Eur J Clin Nutr, vol.57, pp.119γ–1197.
Tantucci, C., Modina, D., β01β, „Lung Function Decline In COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct
Pulmon Dis‟ ,vol 7, pp.95–99.
Vestbo, J., Hurd, S.S., Agusti, A.G., Jones, P.W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A.,Barnes, P.J.,
Fabbri, L.M., Martinez, F.J., Nishimura, M., Stockley, R.A., Sin, D.D., RodriguezRoisin, R., β01γ, „Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease : GOLD Executive Summary‟ ,Am J
Respir Crit Care Med, vol.187, no.4, pp.347–365.
White, A.J., Gompertz, S., Stockley, R.A., β00γ, „Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 6:
The Aetiology Of Exacerbations Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease‟ ,
Thorax, vol.58, pp.73-80.
Zwar, N.A., Marks, G.B., Hermiz, O., Middleton, S., Comino, E.J., Hasan, I., Vagholkar, S.,
Wilson, S.F., β011, „Predictors Of Accuracy Of Diagnosis Of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease In General Practice‟ , MJA, vol.195, pp.168–171.
Universitas Sumatera Utara