Pengaruh Temperatur dan Jumlah Pembakaran Porselen Opak Terhadap Kekuatan Lekat Gigi Tiruan Cekat Keramik-Logam
ABSTRAK
Gigi Tiruan Cekat (GTC) keramik-logam merupakan jenis gigi tiruan yang
paling banyak digunakan dalam dekade terakhir. Kegagalan mekanis berupa lepasnya
keramik dari logam saat GTC menerima gaya pengunyahan dalam bentuk tekanan,
tarikan dan gaya geser, sangat umum terjadi, karena itu ikatan yang kuat antara bahan
keramik dan logam sangat penting untuk keberhasilan klinis restorasi. Faktor-faktor
yang dapat mempengaruhi kekuatan lekat keramik-logam, antara lain faktor di klinik,
yaitu desain restorasi dan faktor-faktor dilaboratorium, yaitu jenis logam, surface
treatment logam, teknik aplikasi dan proses pembakaran porselen. Proses
pembakaran porselen, termasuk waktu, temperatur, jumlah pembakaran, dan tekanan
atmosfer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan
jumlah pembakaran porselen opak terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Pembuatan sampel
keramik-logam berjumlah 30 sampel dilakukan di Unit Uji Laboratorium Dental FKG
USU. Kelompok sampel keramik-logam dibagi atas enam kelompok, yang terdiri dari
temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran
porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali. Pengukuran nilai kekuatan lekat dilakukan
dengan alat three point bending pada universal testing machine. Pengaruh temperatur
pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran 1 kali;
2 kali; dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji
T. Pengaruh jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali dengan
temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC terhadap kekuatan lekat
GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji one-way ANOVA. Perbedaan pengaruh
antara temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC
keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji LSD.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh temperatur pembakaran
porselen opak 950 °C dan 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali
terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada pengaruh jumlah pembakaran
porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran porselen opak
950 °C terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada pengaruh jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran
porselen opak 975 °C terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada perbedaan
pengaruh temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 °C dan 975 °C dengan jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali, terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC
keramik-logam. Nilai rerata kekuatan lekat paling tinggi terdapat pada temperatur
pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali
(45,04 ± 2,30). Secara statistik memperlihatkan nilai kekuatan lekat yang paling
signifikan terdapat pada temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali (p=0,027).
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran
porselen opak 2 kali direkomendasikan sebagai panduan pembuatan GTC keramiklogam untuk menghasilkan kekuatan lekat keramik-logam yang optimal, sehingga
diperoleh keberhasilan klinis jangka panjang dalam penggunaan gigi tiruan cekat
keramik-logam.
Kata kunci: temperatur pembakaran porselen opak, jumlah pembakaran porselen
opak, kekuatan lekat, gigi tiruan cekat keramik-logam.
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Metal-ceramic Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) are still most widely used in the
last decade. A mechanical failure as loss of ceramic from the metal when the FPD
was received a mastication force such as in compressive, tensile and shear force, is
often occur. So that, the bond strength between metal and ceramic materials is very
important for the clinical success of restoration. There are some factors which can
affect the bond strength of metal-ceramic, either in clinical factors such as
restoration’s design, or laboratory factors such as type of metal, metal surface
treatment, application technique and firing process of porcelain. Porcelain’s firing
process including time, temperature, firing amount, and atmospheric pressure. This
study aims to determine the influence of temperature and firing amount of opaque
porcelain in the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD.
This research is an experimental laboratory. Manufacture of metal-ceramic
samples included 30 samples which were done in the Laboratory of Dental Unit Test
FKG USU. Metal-ceramic samples were divided into six groups, which consist of
opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with firing amount of
opaque porcelain in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times. Measurement of the bond strength
values was done by using three point bending instrument on a universal testing
machine. Effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with
firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times against the bond strength of metalceramic FPD were analyzed by T-test. Influence of opaque porcelain firing amount in
1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with against
the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.
Differences between effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975
ºC with firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times against the bond strength of
metal-ceramic FPD were analyzed by LSD test.
Results showed that there was the influence of opaque porcelain firing
temperature in 950 °C and 975 °C with firing amount in 1 times, 2 times and 3 times
against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was the influence of opaque
porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 950
ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was the influence of
opaque porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing
temperature in 975 ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There
was differences in effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 °C and 975
°C with firing amount in 1 times, 2 times and 3 times against the bond strength of
metal-ceramic FPD. The highest mean value of the bond strength was the opaque
porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times (45.04 ± 2.30).
Statistically showed that the most significant value of the bond strength was the
opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times (p = 0.027).
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times is
recommended as a guide to manufacture of metal-ceramic FPD to produce optimal
bond strength of metal- ceramic, in order to obtain long-term clinical success in
metal-ceramic FPD.
Keywords: opaque porcelain firing temperatures, opaque porcelain firing amount,
bond strength, metal-ceramic fixed partial denture
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gigi Tiruan Cekat (GTC) keramik-logam merupakan jenis gigi tiruan yang
paling banyak digunakan dalam dekade terakhir. Kegagalan mekanis berupa lepasnya
keramik dari logam saat GTC menerima gaya pengunyahan dalam bentuk tekanan,
tarikan dan gaya geser, sangat umum terjadi, karena itu ikatan yang kuat antara bahan
keramik dan logam sangat penting untuk keberhasilan klinis restorasi. Faktor-faktor
yang dapat mempengaruhi kekuatan lekat keramik-logam, antara lain faktor di klinik,
yaitu desain restorasi dan faktor-faktor dilaboratorium, yaitu jenis logam, surface
treatment logam, teknik aplikasi dan proses pembakaran porselen. Proses
pembakaran porselen, termasuk waktu, temperatur, jumlah pembakaran, dan tekanan
atmosfer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan
jumlah pembakaran porselen opak terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Pembuatan sampel
keramik-logam berjumlah 30 sampel dilakukan di Unit Uji Laboratorium Dental FKG
USU. Kelompok sampel keramik-logam dibagi atas enam kelompok, yang terdiri dari
temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran
porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali. Pengukuran nilai kekuatan lekat dilakukan
dengan alat three point bending pada universal testing machine. Pengaruh temperatur
pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah pembakaran 1 kali;
2 kali; dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji
T. Pengaruh jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali dengan
temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC terhadap kekuatan lekat
GTC keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji one-way ANOVA. Perbedaan pengaruh
antara temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 ºC dan 975 ºC dengan jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali; 2 kali; dan 3 kali terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC
keramik-logam dianalisis dengan uji LSD.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh temperatur pembakaran
porselen opak 950 °C dan 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali
terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada pengaruh jumlah pembakaran
porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran porselen opak
950 °C terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada pengaruh jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali, dan 3 kali dengan temperatur pembakaran
porselen opak 975 °C terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC keramik-logam. Ada perbedaan
pengaruh temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 950 °C dan 975 °C dengan jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali, terhadap kekuatan lekat GTC
keramik-logam. Nilai rerata kekuatan lekat paling tinggi terdapat pada temperatur
pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali
(45,04 ± 2,30). Secara statistik memperlihatkan nilai kekuatan lekat yang paling
signifikan terdapat pada temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah
pembakaran porselen opak 2 kali (p=0,027).
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Temperatur pembakaran porselen opak 975 °C dengan jumlah pembakaran
porselen opak 2 kali direkomendasikan sebagai panduan pembuatan GTC keramiklogam untuk menghasilkan kekuatan lekat keramik-logam yang optimal, sehingga
diperoleh keberhasilan klinis jangka panjang dalam penggunaan gigi tiruan cekat
keramik-logam.
Kata kunci: temperatur pembakaran porselen opak, jumlah pembakaran porselen
opak, kekuatan lekat, gigi tiruan cekat keramik-logam.
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Metal-ceramic Fixed Partial Denture (FPD) are still most widely used in the
last decade. A mechanical failure as loss of ceramic from the metal when the FPD
was received a mastication force such as in compressive, tensile and shear force, is
often occur. So that, the bond strength between metal and ceramic materials is very
important for the clinical success of restoration. There are some factors which can
affect the bond strength of metal-ceramic, either in clinical factors such as
restoration’s design, or laboratory factors such as type of metal, metal surface
treatment, application technique and firing process of porcelain. Porcelain’s firing
process including time, temperature, firing amount, and atmospheric pressure. This
study aims to determine the influence of temperature and firing amount of opaque
porcelain in the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD.
This research is an experimental laboratory. Manufacture of metal-ceramic
samples included 30 samples which were done in the Laboratory of Dental Unit Test
FKG USU. Metal-ceramic samples were divided into six groups, which consist of
opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with firing amount of
opaque porcelain in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times. Measurement of the bond strength
values was done by using three point bending instrument on a universal testing
machine. Effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with
firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times against the bond strength of metalceramic FPD were analyzed by T-test. Influence of opaque porcelain firing amount in
1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975 ºC with against
the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.
Differences between effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 ºC and 975
ºC with firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times against the bond strength of
metal-ceramic FPD were analyzed by LSD test.
Results showed that there was the influence of opaque porcelain firing
temperature in 950 °C and 975 °C with firing amount in 1 times, 2 times and 3 times
against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was the influence of opaque
porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing temperature in 950
ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There was the influence of
opaque porcelain firing amount in 1 time; 2 times; and 3 times with firing
temperature in 975 ºC with against the bond strength of metal-ceramic FPD. There
was differences in effect of opaque porcelain firing temperature in 950 °C and 975
°C with firing amount in 1 times, 2 times and 3 times against the bond strength of
metal-ceramic FPD. The highest mean value of the bond strength was the opaque
porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times (45.04 ± 2.30).
Statistically showed that the most significant value of the bond strength was the
opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times (p = 0.027).
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Opaque porcelain firing temperature 975 °C with firing amount in 2 times is
recommended as a guide to manufacture of metal-ceramic FPD to produce optimal
bond strength of metal- ceramic, in order to obtain long-term clinical success in
metal-ceramic FPD.
Keywords: opaque porcelain firing temperatures, opaque porcelain firing amount,
bond strength, metal-ceramic fixed partial denture
v
Universitas Sumatera Utara