Japan Report Sarimin
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
23 CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO VISITING
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)
Held by
Tokyo, 15 – 19 May 2017
Proposed by:
Name : Sarimin
Student ID
: 120820160034
Programs
: Magister Management
CONTENT:
1. MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
2. CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
3. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
4. ITINERARY DIARY
5. DOCUMENTATION
1. MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Talking about marketing in Japan is talking about how Japanese set their identity among the world. And
the important thing is how trust is very important, among people to people and among people to goverment.
From that, content of the marketing is consistent with the fact along my trip.
Political,
Japan is a monarkhi constitutional where Caesar as Head Country but limited by constitution with
Parlement and Prime Minister held as democration component. As an archilepago country, like Indonesia,
Japan teritory separated by seas. There also decentralized government by divided in central government and
local government. But, existency of Caesar unite all people in all teritory. That’s why, if a policy about Japan
development guidelines declared, it will succesly implemented.
As a democratic country, central government and local government choosen by people. Commitment of
the governments to serve their people are highly respected. We ever hear how a train route keeped held only
to serve one student who use that train goin to school. Althouh it’s disadvantegous, the government train
company keep operate it until the student graduated.
The governance also concern in small and medium enterprise, furthermore micro entrepeneur, by
assisting them in maintain product quality and packaging. I heard about Tokyo Banana Cakes that booming in
Tokyo are held by small entrepeneurs with government’s support. Is Tokyo has a Banana farm? I am not sure,
but it’s indicates how the policy push the business.
Government also concern with jobs creation for less growth area or empty space by build economic
centre to improve local economics. Story about Premium Factory Outlet as example. Located near airport,
Shisui Premium Factory Outlet giving chance for people around to access job field.
Economic,
Central Government of Japan implement Dumping policy for export – import comodity. Japan sell their
higher in abroad and abroad product higher price in Japan. So, Japanese tend to use their own product and
they proud with their own quality that impact in their economic development. Japanese use their own product
as life style and the government promote it as lifestyle trends.
Free tax policy can held in all store as long as the owner cooperate with government, especially in
strategic public market. The free tax mechanism doesn’t give tax deduction directly in store but the officer give
the cash to buyer. Some store diretly deduct the tax. That “cash back” mechanism giving happiness to tourist.
Cash is the king right?
The facts consistent with Central Government action to Japan abroad. So, it’s nice to going to Japan.
Social,
The gap between young generation and older also happened in Japan. With high life expectancy, elder
people still exist in Japan and they live with their mindset. Meanwhile, Japan face lack of young people. That’s
why Government make policies to engage older people in technical public place job that didn’t need to much
energy. Elder people also showed in privat sector as chef in foodstall or hankerchief store.
For young people, talking about salary, there is no wide gap between officer and technician. Because all
of them are high educated and quality controlled. We can see from how a builder in Tokyo wear expensive
trouser and Rolex in their hands. It’s totally different with Indonesia that places builder as low income, high
risk worker and big energy consume.
Another phenomenon is how Japanese are workaholic. Alot of Japanese working untill midnight and
tomorrow morning they will going back to the office. We can say more late you going home more bright your
career. That’s why we ever heard about Karoshi, death in workplace as effect of overtime works. Japan
Government concern with Karoshi and try to prevent it by charging workplace as employer. Hopefully, the
employer will strictly monitoring their employee and Karoshi can be avoided.
Besides of Karoshi, Suicide is another social phenomenon in Japan. Based on our tour guide, suicide by
dropping themself from high building or hanging them self are oftenly heard, even when they are not in Japan.
Suicide like as a solution to express their loyalty or feeling of shame or another stress feeling. And suicide of a
Japanese who become General Manager of a girls vocal group in Indonesia, I think strengthen that image.
Technological,
Technology development by research is really fantastic in Japan. It’s change the business model very
much. Exhibition about new technology innovation ever held and become another tourism destination.
Technology for Japanese like their life style may be as effect of lack human resource for employee. But, jobs
that stiil need human skill, like doctor and nurse, are still implemented athough some technical thing replaced
by mechanical technology.
Legal
As developed country with high appreciated in law and acountability, Legal factor is strickly implemented.
I met an incident when a citizen mobbed by two officer but the citizen still walking until more and more officer
has coming. Our tour guide said that, in Tokyo, they need 8 officer minimum to charge a citizen with a
regulation. Also in business, legal aspect should be highly concerned in Japan so Lawyer usually hired in there.
As employer, a lot of legal aspect that ensure there is no violation, like: age, gender, disability, and others. The
most important thing is asking another businessman to ensure that you’re obey the law.
Environmental
Japan is a country with minimum natural resources but concern with environmental issues. So, every
sector should be environmentally friendly. Concern about waste management, ingredient of our product and
properly logo (symbol) that connected with environment issues must be listed on the product.
Recommendation
Making business in Japan is really competitif and hard because strickly regulated. So, the first thing to do
is knowing associated rules. After that, recognize related social and cultural factors by obey Japanese habbits.
Finally, do the best you can do to get the highest quality when delivere it to Japanese.
2. CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
Talking about cross—cultural analysis between Indonesia and Japan is like talking about twin brother
with alot of difference. Is that called twin? Of course not, it’s a joke. But, history about Japanese’s expansion to
Indonesia around 40’s and some Japan’s brand manufactures held in Indonesia connecting both, especially for
Indonesia. More and more Indonesian schoolar in Japan also giving effect in promoting Japanese culture to
Indonesian people, especially in education systems. Pop culture (especially in music and cinema) as japan’s
soft power also atract Indonesian people to know about Japan and coming there. As the result, I met
Indonesian people in hotel, mall, and tourism destination. That phenomenon answers my curiosity about why
airbus plane that we flied mostly filled with Indonesian people.
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
As Asian country, Japan and Indonesia are have some similiarity in values, respecting their parent and
elderly as example. Both are also beliefs in norms about life in harmony. But, Indonesia is more heterogeneus
than Japan that affects in how both keep their identity and interact with foreigners. Most of the Japanese that
I met are less in speaking english. So, communications held with paper or calculator supported while the
Japanese is talkless.
Smile to others, especially to foreigners, also less in Japaneses face. It’s different with Indonesian who
tends to talk with new comr or foreigner as a greeting. I think it’s effect of Japanese attention about privacy.
You can’t take someone or people’s picture without their willingness. That’s why every camera must set their
tone. It’s very different if we see Indonesian people who love to selfie at most.
Perfectness view is another thing of difference. Effort to get the perfectness in every thing is commonly
recognized as japanese culture. It’s drive society’s obedience in rules and norms. So, discipline is important to
keep or you’ll shame. And the most important is know the rules. Indonesian people also beliefs in that view
but it’s mostly breaked by always understanding others view. It’s happened as local wisdom to live in harmony
at heterogenity in Indonesia.
Harmony also implemented in how Japan keep their traditional identity but adopting modernity in other
side. Japan improve their technology standards continously but they keep Japanese simbol and philosophy in
there. That’s why modernity and culture are meet become theme campaign or promotion mostly. And it’s
work for Indonesian people.
But, the biggest part of the difference is how the government seriously implementing good government
in every public policy. It’s happen because public scrutinity are held seriosuly. And the existence of Japan’s
Caesar as the society role models keep Japanese in unity.
Acculturation
Japan ever close their country from another culture as emperor policy that time. But after their
restoration era, Japan starting to relate with another culture and acculturation are happened. In religion,
Shinto and Budha become acculturated in society in form of people going to Shintois temple and also Budhist
temple.
Acculturation also happened in popular culture that they adopt and become their new identity. That’s
why Japanese wave with J-Pop and cinema make Japanese culture accepted in the world and attracting them
become Japanese pop culture fans. Daily technology innovation also creating acculturation in how Japanese
life and creating economy. But, nowadays, Japan facing challenge from Korea as new world challenger in pop
culture and daily technology.
World Brands
Japan success to bring world brand in a lot of thing, from technology, pop culture and also traditional
culture. The marketing attract people around the world to visit and enjoy Japan’s atmosfir. Futhermore, in
phisically product, dumping policy and free tax that implemented increasing the tourist’s leisure. We can
comparing Japan’s product if we buy it in Japan than in Indonesia. Anello, trending Japan’s bag brand, can
bought around ¥3.500 in Japan but we need 1,2 million rupiahs (around ¥10.700) if we bought it in Indonesia.
A Gundam toy’s price around ¥3.000 in Japan but it’s around 1,5 million rupiahs (around ¥13.200) in Indonesia.
We can imagine how wouldn’t turist spend their money in Japan? They can bring world brand product in
cheaper price and the can sell it in common price in their country.
Recommendation
Although Indonesia and Japan have interactial history and economy, Indonesia need to strengthen the
diplomatic relation among them. Because Japan is trust based relationship country. In other side, Indonesian
Government need to warning Indonesian people who visiting Japan to keep their attitude and shows
Indonesian symbol at once. So, Japanese people will positively recognize Indonesia and accepting economic
trade that may be held in interaction between Indonesian and Japanese while visiting Japan.
For Indonesian tourism, I think the Government need to promoting beauty of Indonesia’s beauty in Japan
because alot of people from alot of country come to Japan. The beauty of tropical nature that it doesn’t exist
in Japan.
3. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
Visiting Shinkoto Incineration Plant as one of the 19 plant in Clean of Authority of Tokyo which is build
2
in 61.000 m area that completed in September 1998 was were a sign that Japan are aware about waste
management much early than Indonesia who doesn’t have an incineration plant until now. With 1.800
tons/day in capacity and 50.000 KW in power generation, Shin-koto is the biggest Incineration plant among 19
incineration plant that handle waste from 23 city in Tokto Metropolis (see the list below) which is 88 billion
yen approximately in construction cost. Shin-koto is specialized in combustible waste by burning it and
recycling the heat energy for public facilities and reducing the volume until 5% from beginning size.
No.
Date
Completed
Plant Name
Property Area
2
(approx. M )
Incineration Capacity
(tons/day)
Power Generation
Capacity (KW)
1 Meguro
March 1991
29.000
600
11.000
2 Ariake
Desember 1995
24.000
400
5.600
3 Chitose
March 1996
17.000
600
12.000
4 Edogawa
January 1997
28.000
600
12.300
5 Sumida
January 1998
18.000
600
13.000
6 Kita
March 1998
19.000
600
11.500
7 Shin-koto
September
1998
61.000
1.800
50.000
8 Minato
January 1999
29.000
900
22.000
9 Toshima
June 1999
12.000
400
7.800
10 Shibuya
July 2001
9.000
20
4.200
11 Chuo
July 2001
29.000
600
15.000
12 Itabashi
Novembe 2002
44.000
600
13.200
13 Tamagawa
June 2003
32.000
300
6.400
14 Adachi
March 2005
37.000
700
16.200
15 Shinagawa
March 2006
47.000
600
15.000
16 Katsushika
December 2006
52.000
500
13.500
17 Setagaya
March 2008
30.000
300
6.750
18 Ota
September
2014
92.000
600
22.800
19 Nerima
November 2015
15.000
500
18.700
624.000
11.220
276.950
TOTAL
Shin-koto Incineration Plant Equiped with 3 fully incinerator with 600 tons/day capacity. It’s have
natural circulation type water pipe boiler with heater in 121,3 tons/hour maximum steam generated each. All
the waste collect from 21 double-leafed hinged gate delivered from more than 100 truck operated everyday.
Turbine generator with 50.000 KW become the one and main bleeder condensing turbine. All facilities are
managed in Central Control Room operated by some man inside.
Generally, Shin-koto Incineration Plant have three stage incinerator to process rough wastes become
bottom ash. The bottom ash used in three categories:
for privat cement factories,
ash-melting facility, and
-
Landfill disposal site.
Using bottom ash for cement is a full-scale initiative for the purpose of reducing the amount of landfill
disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. It’s extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal
sites in Tokyo Port. Bottom ash turns into sandy slag when melted in a high temperature of over 1.200°C
(2.192°F). The process of making slag will decomposes dioxins within the ash and it will traps heavy metals
inside. That process also make it safe and efficient for use as construction materials.
The heat energy that generated from incineration put to beneficial use in power generation and in
supplying energy. The heat transformed become electricity and the water from Boiler steamed and used.
Electricity that transformed before is used within facilities to operate the plant it self. So it can reducing
electricity purchases and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. While hot water which is
pressurized and remains in its liquid state even over 100°C in temperature selled to other facilities.
For year 2013, Shin-koto Incineration Plant generated:
16.073 kWh electricity and sold 9.678 kWh to get 182.992 yen as income (around 60%)
58.356 Giga Joule from Hot Water and get 1.804 yen as income.
So, Shin-koto Incineration Plant get revenue from their generator around ¥ 18.479 a year or ¥ 1.540 a month
or ¥ 51 a day.
While as a united, in 2015, beneficial use of heat from all incineration are:
1.172,60 MkWh totally generated but 660,86 MkWh sold (around 56%) and 11.765,76 Million yen
(117,6576 Million US Dollar) earned as income.
Heat supplied around 501.000 Giga Joule and earn 192,02 million yen (1,9202 million US Dollar) as
income.
So, totally all incineration get ¥ 11.957,78 million a year
Energy
Shin-koto (2013)
All Incineration (2015)
Electricity Income
¥ 182.992
¥ 11.765,76 million
Heat Income
¥ 1.804
¥ 192,02 million
TOTAL
¥ 184.796
¥ 11.957,78 million
Per month
¥ 1.540
¥ 996,48 million
Per day
¥ 51
¥ 33,21 million
-
So, Shinkoto Incineration Plant hold little part of all income although it’s the biggest one. It’s cause by the
older technology used than the newest (like: Nerima – 2015, Ota – 2004, or Setagaya – 2008).
With the power generation capacity is 276.950 KW per day, all incineration plant can produce until
101.363.700 KW or 101.363,7 MkW a year. But, based on report, they produce only 1.172,6 MKW (only more
than 1%). So, they didn’t use all of the capacity. It’s caused by the availability of the waste as the raw material
to burned. Other reason are long term going concern of the incineration for maintenance periode regularly.
So, in fact, the incineration doesn’t work each day along the year.
Shin-koto Incineration Plant basically managed like a business entity but still supported by
government. From the waste report for year 2017, as all incineration plant report, 45,4% (¥31,450 Billion –
US$ 314,50 Million) of income are coming from Allotment that paid by each of 23 Cities for operational
expenses of Incineration plants. While 36,6% (¥25,323 Billion – US$ 253,23 Miliion) are coming from disposal
fees paid by businesses and proceeds from sales of generated electricity. Other income are from carryover
from reserve bond 2,7% (¥1,866 Billion – US$ 18,66 Million) and Others 0,4% (¥0,328 Billion – US$ 3,28
Million).
Revenue
Allotment
Disposal Fees
Reserve Bond
Others
In other side, expenditures of all incineration are mostly for Waste Management Costs reaching
67,3% (¥46,601 Billion- US$ 466,01 Million) as maintenance costs required for regular inspections of
incineration plants, utility costs, purchasing costs of chemicals to protect the environment, labor cost, etc.
While cost for general affairs (expenses for main labor, labor cost of main labor) and operational expenses for
assemblies reach 7,2% (¥5,027 Billion – US$ 50,27 Million) and Repayment of loans (from Pubic Loans) take
5,2% (¥3,597 Billion – US$ 35,97 Million).
Expenditure
Waste Management Cost
General Affair
Loan Repayment
The part of reserve bond and repayment of Public Loans show us that public are involved in waste
management program although the main fund is from government. It’s need an interesting program and
awareness to attract public interest. May be it’s the result of the tradition of processing waste by sorting by
type that began to be introduced in Japan in the 1970s. Nowadays that’s become a culture in Japan, including
Tokyo.
Based on Tokyo Metropolis Waste Report, one person generate 828 grams per day averagely. The
calculation are the amount ofwaste generated divided by population. So 2.783.984 tons of waste for one year
produced and 9.190.237 people involved divided by 366 days. That’s why all incineration need ¥56.305 (US$
563,05) per 1 ton of waste and ¥83.620 (US$ 836,20) per 1 ton night soil for collection, transfer, processing,
and disposal. That’s why, campaign for waste awareness are always and keep promoted to people by 3Rs
promotion (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) slogan. That slogan is part of the Promotion of Effective Utilization of
Resource that derive by some action like:
recycling of reusable products
innovations such as easily recyclables structures and materials
labeling for sorting of recyclables at source, and
promotion of the efficient use of by-products.
In other side, to forming a recycling-oriented society, appropriate treatment of waste should be held
with properly Waste Management and supported by Public Cleansing Act with some action like:
reducing of waste,
appropriate treatment for the waste (including recycling),
regulation on the establishment of waste treatment facilities,
regulations regarding waste treatment facilities, and
regulations regarding waste treatment businesses, plus
-
establishment of waste treatment standards.
Promoting the Creation of a Recycling Oriented Society based on law (Basic Framework Act)
implemented by some component which is Waste Management, Public Cleansing Act, and Act on the
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resource. Furthermore, promotion of eco-friendly procurement in goods
and services led by the national government (called Law on Promoting Green Purchasing) also implemented
by Tokyo Metropolis government by targeting some specific product groups, such as:
container and packaging,
home appliance ,
food waste ,
construction materials ,
recycling of end-of-life vehicles, and
small home appliances .
In that term, government can charge people or busniess who infringe the law.
But the successfull of the waste management campaign in Japan cause decrease in waste amount.
The decrease make the supply of waste to burned in incineration also reduce. That’s why only 1% of
electricity generated capacity used. Its contrary with cost that still expended to keep the incineration. In this
angle, Tokyo do not ecenomically manage the waste. That’s why Government should handle the incineration
dominantly because, in long term, it’s not profitable.
Furthermore, zero waste concept that implemented nowadays by 5R concept (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle, Replace, and Replant) push the waste management process held at as close as possible the waste
source to reduce collect and transfer cost. 5R concept can be implemented in housing area and public
facilities by:
Concept
Process
Reduce
- avoid products with big waste generated
- use green product than disposable goods
- reduce using disposable goods
- sell or give selected waste to right hand
Reuse
- use reuse product for more than one function
- use green bag
- use recharge element
- improve use of the goods for another functions
Recycle
- choose product with green packaged
- manage the organic waste you generated self
- manage the anorganic waste to usefull goods
Replace
- change all good with green products
- change the package wrap with environmentally friendly product
- change disposable goods with long term use products
Replant
- make your environment green and use environmentally friendly product
Zero waste concept direct the orientation management including:
integrated waste management
composting technology
recycling plastic and paper waste
incineration plant technology
society participation.
So, incineration plant is a part of zero waste management as the farest side. Meanwhile, great amount of
Waste Management Cost (67,3%) with almost 45,4% revenue coming from allotment, Shin-koto incineration
plant will be one of the some incineration who will be shut down in the future and Tokyo will optimize the
newer incineration plant.
Recommendation
Based on the Shin-koto Incineration Plant visit, waste management should be promoted and handled
by government to take participation of the people and business. Government should propose Basic
Farmework Act as the based of all policy in waste management. Japan have Waste Management Law that
declared in 1970 and Indonesia also have it in 2008. Japan already have incineration since 1991 (Meguro
Incineration Plant) – 21 years after the law but Indonesia doesn’t have any incineration plant until now.
Waste management in Indonesia nowadays become local problem managed by the city as the impact
of desentralization. But, until now, only 7% of all city who implementing 3R in waste management. Most of
them still using old methode of waste management by buried it in the ground. More terrible, only 50% of
waste can handled in big cities. The rest are unmanaged and pile up in rivers or street side or (if you lucky)
find it in empty space of land among houses.
The other problem is less budget for waste management in most city. Jakarta, as central city, only
prepare Rp 123.000 per tons (around US$9 per ton). Compared with Tokyo who spend US$ 563,05 per ton or
Swedia Rp 2.500.000 per ton (around US$190 per ton) and England, Poland, Italy and Germany around Rp
1.000.000 – 2.000.000 per ton (around US$76 – 150 per ton). The less budget reflect less commitment in
waste management of the city manager.
In contrary, Ministry of Life Environment targeting Indonesia as Zero Waste Country for 2020. But
there is no incineration plant build untill now. Central Government push Local Government to fulfill Zero
Waste Management Concepts but no incentif for incineration plant budget. So Local Government should
involving society and business to take care about waste management together.
But, as a fact, zero waste management by enclose the waste management processes near the waste
source still need incineration plant to handle more huge amount of waste that unmanaged nowadays.
Incineration plant needed especially in big city (usually capital city or mayor city of the province). Or, base on
Shin-koto incineration plan capacity, it can build to handled more than a city or a region that consist of some
near city, like Jabodetabek.
Shin-koto Incineration Plant build in 1998 for 30 years as planned (until 2028) with ¥ 88 billion
(around Rp 9.944 billion) budget. That’s a big amount for local government even we don’t consider the
inflation rate for 20 years. That’s number coming from large scale of building and machinery. Another huge
number is coming from cost for collection, transfer, processing, and disposal.
But we can minimize it by implementing zero waste concept by separate the waste based on the
characteristic to some place. So, it can divide waste portion in each and reduce the capacity of incineration
scale needs like figure out below.
Housing, Public Market, Commercial Space
Collecpng Plant
ITF
Special Waste
Plant
In the source of waste (housing, public market, public/commercial space), most of waste (especially
for organic/natural waste) should be handled first by composting process or producing natural fertilizer. The
products can be selled as income resource to keep the composting process running. Another waste
(anorganic waste) processed in collecting plant to separated in each criteria (like pure plastic, paper with ink,
etc) to recycled become another product. The recycling poduct can selled for income of Collecting Plant.
Some of unrecycled waste processed in ITF (Intermediate Treatment Facility) to burned with high
temperature. The heat from that process can be transform become electricity (Thermoelectric) using
generator and selled as income for ITF. The rest is special waste processed in Special Waste Plant for
unrecycled waste and dangerous waste that need special treatment. Because it’s limited from industry and
regulation push them to processing their waste, Special Waste Plant can offer their service to help industry
with some affordable tariff.
No.
Waste Plant
1.
Housing,
Market,
Space
2.
Collecting Plant
3.
Waste
Portion
Public organic/natural waste
Commercial
Source of Income
45%
Composted product
recycled waste
30%
recycled product
ITF
Combusted waste
20%
Thermoelectric
4.
Special Waste Plant
Chemical and
treatment waste
TOTAL
sepcial 5%
Waste management
service
100%
By managing society waste with more economically, sustainability of the waste management plan can
be pursued although it’s take big cost at first. But, properly waste management will reduce the government
expense from increasing the society health expense as the result. And clean, health and safe may supports
the government effort in marketing of the city. Eventually, it will increase the economic wheel of the city.
4. ITINERARY DIARY
Monday morning be more noisy in my house when my kids sulking and take pitiful face to seduce me
because they want to accompanied me to Japan. In other side, through Whatsapp group, I coordinate my
classmate about our departure from Bandung to Jakarta then Tokyo. And when the plane take off, let’s find
out about Japan.
First Day (16 May 2017)
Landing process become sucking moment when I got airsickness because of the time. I am sorry for
mu decision to keep the herbal in my bagage than bring it to cabin. So, first morning in Japan started with my
friends and lecturer hassles to help me get well.
Walking in arrival rute on Narita Airport make me conclude that we are the first arrival in that
morning because there is no other passenger beside JAL passenger of Jakarta – Tokyo rute. Futhermore, I got a
lot of elderly worker in airport working skillful. Passing the exit door, there is elderly officer set the traffic. Even
our bus driver is an elder. It is a different culture between Japan and Indonesia. In Indonesia, elderly are
identic with rest time and enjoy their life also that’s the chance for their kids take care them.
The wind whispering my head and make me aware that winter to summer in Japan are still chill. Oh
no...I’ll get cold if I stay in outside. So I got my body in the back line of the bus chairs and go to the first trip,
Asakusa Temple.
Asakusa Temple set as the first place because talking Japan is talking about people who try to keep
their culture and modernity as coin’s sides, Head or Number. Asakusa also give me insight about harmony
between Budha and Sinto because there is Sensoji Temple as Budhist representation and Asakusa Temple for
Shintoisme. This is interesting and make me sure that Asian people, mostly, are life in tolerance each other.
People said, Sensoji Temple builded after some fisherman found a Kannon or Kanzeon statue in
Sumida river, near from the location. Kannon is Japanese called for Kwan Im, goddes of Compassion. Many
times they put it back to the river but many times it’s back to them. That’s why people decide to build Sensoji
Temple at 7th century, era of Budha spread in Japan after diplomatic agreement with China. The temple
starting with a giant gate named Kaminarimon, means Flash Gate, with two big statue Fujin (God of Wind) and
Raijin (God of Thunder) and giant lampion as center before entering the main temple Hozomon. Backside of
the gate there is Budha Tenryu and Kinryu statue. I am attracted with giant straw slipper hang in the gate.
People said that it’s Budha’s slipper. Wow....who made it and how big them?
Along Kaminarimon and Hozomon, I found Nakamise Douri (street) with a lot of stores of gifts, snacks,
Japanese traditional clothes and japanese talisman. I found more elderly in the stores. While I found a lot of
youth with their uniform around there. When I am asking our tour guide about that, He said that, because of
healthy life style, expected life of Japanese people are more than 85 years. So after they got retired in 60, they
still strong enough to do anything. Wow...It’s amazing and appreciated. But, in other side, youth generation
are less number than older. So the elderly are still working, especially in energy less consume activity.
Oh...something different point view in here. In Indonesia, good children will not allow their parent getting
work because they think this is their time to repay their parent favor when yjey are child.
At the end of Nakamise Douri, there is the main temple, Hozomon, red painted wood with giant
lampion in japanese font and a lot of stairs. In the right side before stepped the stairs, some people swarmed a
big water canon with men statue upside. My tour guide said it’s a ritual before entering the temple by washing
their hand and face. But why not all people did it?
In the last stairs, there is a long box to place long myrrh and some coin as alms. Hozomon divide to
some space into for public enter, prayer enter and forbiden enter. Lucky me when entering the Hozomon, the
ritual are held so I can see the monk lead the pray by sitting in a languange that I don’t understand at all. So I
just look around for some people who pray in public enter area by standing in front of another box for alms.
Golden and red are dominan color in here like alms become something dominant for Japanese people,
conclude from most of japanese who visiting the temple are giving their alms in both box.
Right side of the Hozomon, I saw a shinto temple ( japanese called it Jinja but western called it Shrine)
named Asakusa Temple. Japanese believed that Jinja is place for Gods in earth. Asakusa temple is place for
three gods named Sanja-sama. The temple also dominated with red and golden colour like Hozomon but it’s
smaller in size and only few people visiting it. There is no public enter or prayer enter room in here. Only room
for gods symbol inside. People who want to pray just standing in front of the opened space and covered with
the roofside. In front of the temple, there is a gate with rope around it. And among them, exist two black Lion
rock statue in let and rigt side. Shinto is a representative of japanese religion as acculturation between Budha
and local wisdom.
After bought some Japanese gift in Nakamise, I join my group and go to next trip, Ueno market. Ueno
market is like commercial place that consist of store buildings for people who want good quality, not the
premium, with lower price. And, this is the first place for me to conclude that Japanese stores are well known
about tax. They always said that the price is exclude tax. Or there will explanation about free tax mechanism.
I didn’t find elder people in Ueno stores. I found young person advertise their store with red plastic
loud speaker. The only one I found, the rest are silent. But I can’t bought any cloth or shoes coz most of them
are bigger than my size. Poor me.
After have lunch in Mantra, Indian Halal restaurant we found in Ueno, my group taken to Tokyo
Skytree, another tower besides Tokyo Tower. I found some Japanese student group when entering the register
desk. Obviously, Tokyo Skytree with 6.340 m heigh become domestic and international destination nowadays.
Tokyo Skytree build from 14 July 2008 and finished at 29 February 2012 but publicly opened 22 May 2012.
That’s why when I am coming there, the 5th anniversary theme are showed.
Have a trip in Skytree told me about how Japan manage their town. First, how they manage so many
people to keep queue in marked line. This is interesting. The officer ask the visitors stay in the marked area
with smile and clearly body gesture. And no one excluded. They asking people stay in one line queue and
manage them gradually. The speed and cumber of the lift may be the key to minimize the queue time so
visitor still comfort to waiting quietly. Combination between technology and human touch are the key success
factor. Second, how clean environemt is definetely implemented. I didn’t find any rubbish although I didn’t
find any dustbin. So, visitor forced to keep anything on their own. Furthermore, clean environment are clearly
figure out when I saw Tokyo city in Tokyo Skytree glass. Clean river across the city and clean is also find out
along the street. And there is no crowded traffic. Marvelous. Third, picture of older era of Japan also give me
information about how the landscape of Tokyo is still River City. So, the government try to keep the
environment growth naturally. But, that’s what make the land price is very expensive.
Tokyo Skytree give me amazing view of Japan and I got another point view in Ginza. Yes...I found
crowded people in Ginza but still there is no crowded traffic in there. I also found most of Japanese are
walking with high speed and no smile. Maybe because I am a stranger. In Indonesia, I’ll got little smile
although I am stranger as long as I take smile face.
Ginza is comersial area that famous with crowded people but still tidy. I don’t talk about crowded
traffic in here. Trust me, I never found crowded traffic along in Japan. Japanese, especially in Tokyo, mostly use
public transportation which is cheap, on time and comfort enough – but also crowded. In other side,
Government take high rate of tax for personal transportation and parking cost is so expensive. That’s why
people tend to use public transportation. Ehm...I think it’s smart policy to reduce personal vehicles.
In Ginza, I chose Ginza Six as the newest mall in there. Entering Ginza Six like entering some supermall
in Jakarta, luxurious product with very expensive price. But, the different is there are some beautiful
decorated public space for visitor take a sit. But there is no people use that along I am in there. May be
Japanese people are strong enough to walking around the supermall.
Other thing that atract me is how Japanese using elevator which is concentrate in left side, one man
one row, and let people in hurry to use right side. It’s very different with Indonesian people who tend to
optimize public facilities for their own comfort. While they are in group, they will stand near each other and
there is no empty space for people in hurry.
After get something needed in Ginza Six, I am directed to Rasa, an Malaysian Halal food restaurant.
Finally I got similiar Indonesia taste food in there. My group commited with halal food trip along in Japan. So
we are selected Indian and Malaysian restaurant by the travel agent. When I am asking my tour guide why we
don’t get Japanese restaurant, He said that it’s difficult to find Japanese food restaurant with 30 person
capacity. Most of them are only for 10 to 20 person. It’s oke....although I am still corius where the nearest
halal japanese food restaurant around us. But I can’t find it.
Second Day (17 May 2017)
After had breakfast in hotel, I am taken to Tsukiji Outer Fish Market where the biggest Tuna auction
happened here. But, unfortunately, we came when it’s over. So we just look around stalls around the market.
Fish smell everywhere but it’s stil clean enough and less of inundation. Little surprise when we keep walking
and found more convenience tranditional market near it with air conditioned room and dry floor. There are a
lot of store sell sushi, unagi, tuna, vegetables and fruits. And through the exit door, there is a lot of traditional
store with a lot of product. I found unique food made from egg, squared form with wood handled and it’s
sweet. My friend said it’s called Tamagoyaki. It’s different in Indonesia, egg are always salty.
My group have lunch in Malay Chan halal food restaurant in that day. The owner are Japanese face
but she can speak bahasa. And surprisingly the chef came from Palembang, one of the city in Indonesia that
most of them are similiar with Japanese, white skin and slit eye. That’s why the owner can speak Bahasa.
While we using a small room for pray one by one in there, others are getting out enjoy the sun in a
2
public space consist of around 400 m with some high tree and a corner to got sit near the restaurant. That’s
the only soiled area that I found along in Tokyo.
When I had walking to the bus for next trip, I saw an unique incident from a guy who surrounded by
several officer that try to keep walking while a phone kept in his hand although he officers try to bump him. I
am asking the tour guide and he said abut law enforecement mechanism in Japan that need eight officer.
Minimum, to processing a case, incidentally case.that’s why the guy stiil walking far enough from the first
location he did something.
Incineration plan is the next trip. This is one of my group main visited place. I got a lot of knowledge in
here, from how the incineration system, how manage household waste, how manage the budget, and how to
manage the success story.
Shinkoto Incineration Plan is one of the 21 Incineration Plan as a part of Clean Authority of Tokyo
Program and governed by Tokyo Metropolitan Goverment that involved 23 cities.
To ensure how Japan manage their limited land area, my groups taken to Aqua City, a place for
shopping and enjoy the beauty of Liberty Statue. Wait...Liberty Statue? Yes...there is Liberty Statue in Aqua
City although smaller than in USA. My favorit store in Aqua City is Daiso. Place to get good quality things with
only 100 yen. Although most of product produce in China, Daiso standard in quality is implemented.
Dinner become memorable in Saray restaurant because I never taste Turkish food before. It's strange
enough but I still enjoy it.
Third Day (18 May 2017)
I got early breakfast that day because my group must attended the joint seminar in Takushoku
university. And I had preparing my presentation in there. And for the first time, I am wearing long tie and black
formal suit plus full english in front of Takushoku’s Profesor and all audience. Thank’s God...Profesor Fujimoto
gived very positif suggestion to each presenter, including me.
After presenting the research, we got Chinese Muslim Tokyo Restaurant. That’s the most delicious
food I got along in Japan. Wether because of hunger after presenting or the taste, all the menu are eaten out.
Not only me but all of my friend.
Still wearing formal suit that weared in Takoshoku, I am taken to Harajuku street. And I am feel so
awkward when most of the people in there are so casual. But I am still wear it because it's rainy and cool
enough especially in the last part of Harajuku street. But, my favorit place is Daiso....still.
That day, my group got late lunch but early dinner at Malaysian Halal Food restaurant. Wait...is there
no Indonesian halal food for us? My tour guide said there is no Indonesian Halal Food restaurant for 30
persons. Mostly only 10 to 20 persons capacity.
Fourth Day (19 May 2017)
Last day in Japan, we starting it with Akihabara, a place for seeking electronic and second hand
branded product. There is a lot of light banner of the store with their own character. I found girly theme
banner and anime clothes servant in that store. I also found full of Japanese font banner and I cant’t read it’s
mean at all.
I got a developing site in Akihabara and I catch unique phenomenon on the workers. Wearing
expensive loose pants type, luxurious watch in hand and proudly walking step. From my tour guide,
construction labores are same amount wages with officer labores. Thats why they can wear luxurious watch.
That’s why average price for food in japan are mostly same. I bought Kebab in Akihabara in 550 yen. While
most of food stall sell their product in 500 – 600 yen. Because all of the jobs are sufficiently appreciate in
wages or salary, price standard of the life products are also expensive. It’s different phenomenon compare in
Indonesia. There will be great parity in each jobs wages or salary. And construction laborer are in low range
wages as identically with thinkless jobs.
I bought Anello for my wife in Akihabara because my friends said it’s triple times price in Indonesia. I
also bough some food ware in there. But why I still find made in China in food ware product. And spontaneusly
I remembered about the hight labor wages/salary.
Before arrived in airport, I am taken to Sishui Premium Factory Outlet. This is really factory outlet
because near the factory warehouse and original product so lower price for hight quality product as result. It’s
totally different with Factory Outlet in Bandung which is sell clothes, mostly, with unfamiliar brand and
rejected export product stereotip. Marvelous things in Sishui Premium Factory Outlet are praying room and
free wifi. Honestly, it’s very dificult to find praying room in Japan. Mostly, I must do pray in bus among the trip.
The room is comfort and sufficient for ten males, may be also the female room. And free wifi, of course,
needed to share my experience along the trip in Japan and tell the world I have already in Japan.
The airport as last place for me in Japan. And the crowd is blown when some of my friends try hard to
make her/his bagage maximum capacity in 2 bag and 23kg each. Airport is also force me and my friends
become impulsif buyers when our yen is a lot of enough to bough something and ensure we don’t have any
yen anymore, except for gift or memories.
5. DOCUMENTATION
Presenters in International Joint Seminar in
Takoshaku University
In front of Tsukiji Fish Market Temple
In basement of Tokyo Skytree
First Landing in Tokyo
In front of Asakusa Temple
Liberty Statue in Odaiba
In front of Takoshaku University
23 CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO VISITING
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)
Held by
Tokyo, 15 – 19 May 2017
Proposed by:
Name : Sarimin
Student ID
: 120820160034
Programs
: Magister Management
CONTENT:
1. MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
2. CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
3. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
4. ITINERARY DIARY
5. DOCUMENTATION
1. MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Talking about marketing in Japan is talking about how Japanese set their identity among the world. And
the important thing is how trust is very important, among people to people and among people to goverment.
From that, content of the marketing is consistent with the fact along my trip.
Political,
Japan is a monarkhi constitutional where Caesar as Head Country but limited by constitution with
Parlement and Prime Minister held as democration component. As an archilepago country, like Indonesia,
Japan teritory separated by seas. There also decentralized government by divided in central government and
local government. But, existency of Caesar unite all people in all teritory. That’s why, if a policy about Japan
development guidelines declared, it will succesly implemented.
As a democratic country, central government and local government choosen by people. Commitment of
the governments to serve their people are highly respected. We ever hear how a train route keeped held only
to serve one student who use that train goin to school. Althouh it’s disadvantegous, the government train
company keep operate it until the student graduated.
The governance also concern in small and medium enterprise, furthermore micro entrepeneur, by
assisting them in maintain product quality and packaging. I heard about Tokyo Banana Cakes that booming in
Tokyo are held by small entrepeneurs with government’s support. Is Tokyo has a Banana farm? I am not sure,
but it’s indicates how the policy push the business.
Government also concern with jobs creation for less growth area or empty space by build economic
centre to improve local economics. Story about Premium Factory Outlet as example. Located near airport,
Shisui Premium Factory Outlet giving chance for people around to access job field.
Economic,
Central Government of Japan implement Dumping policy for export – import comodity. Japan sell their
higher in abroad and abroad product higher price in Japan. So, Japanese tend to use their own product and
they proud with their own quality that impact in their economic development. Japanese use their own product
as life style and the government promote it as lifestyle trends.
Free tax policy can held in all store as long as the owner cooperate with government, especially in
strategic public market. The free tax mechanism doesn’t give tax deduction directly in store but the officer give
the cash to buyer. Some store diretly deduct the tax. That “cash back” mechanism giving happiness to tourist.
Cash is the king right?
The facts consistent with Central Government action to Japan abroad. So, it’s nice to going to Japan.
Social,
The gap between young generation and older also happened in Japan. With high life expectancy, elder
people still exist in Japan and they live with their mindset. Meanwhile, Japan face lack of young people. That’s
why Government make policies to engage older people in technical public place job that didn’t need to much
energy. Elder people also showed in privat sector as chef in foodstall or hankerchief store.
For young people, talking about salary, there is no wide gap between officer and technician. Because all
of them are high educated and quality controlled. We can see from how a builder in Tokyo wear expensive
trouser and Rolex in their hands. It’s totally different with Indonesia that places builder as low income, high
risk worker and big energy consume.
Another phenomenon is how Japanese are workaholic. Alot of Japanese working untill midnight and
tomorrow morning they will going back to the office. We can say more late you going home more bright your
career. That’s why we ever heard about Karoshi, death in workplace as effect of overtime works. Japan
Government concern with Karoshi and try to prevent it by charging workplace as employer. Hopefully, the
employer will strictly monitoring their employee and Karoshi can be avoided.
Besides of Karoshi, Suicide is another social phenomenon in Japan. Based on our tour guide, suicide by
dropping themself from high building or hanging them self are oftenly heard, even when they are not in Japan.
Suicide like as a solution to express their loyalty or feeling of shame or another stress feeling. And suicide of a
Japanese who become General Manager of a girls vocal group in Indonesia, I think strengthen that image.
Technological,
Technology development by research is really fantastic in Japan. It’s change the business model very
much. Exhibition about new technology innovation ever held and become another tourism destination.
Technology for Japanese like their life style may be as effect of lack human resource for employee. But, jobs
that stiil need human skill, like doctor and nurse, are still implemented athough some technical thing replaced
by mechanical technology.
Legal
As developed country with high appreciated in law and acountability, Legal factor is strickly implemented.
I met an incident when a citizen mobbed by two officer but the citizen still walking until more and more officer
has coming. Our tour guide said that, in Tokyo, they need 8 officer minimum to charge a citizen with a
regulation. Also in business, legal aspect should be highly concerned in Japan so Lawyer usually hired in there.
As employer, a lot of legal aspect that ensure there is no violation, like: age, gender, disability, and others. The
most important thing is asking another businessman to ensure that you’re obey the law.
Environmental
Japan is a country with minimum natural resources but concern with environmental issues. So, every
sector should be environmentally friendly. Concern about waste management, ingredient of our product and
properly logo (symbol) that connected with environment issues must be listed on the product.
Recommendation
Making business in Japan is really competitif and hard because strickly regulated. So, the first thing to do
is knowing associated rules. After that, recognize related social and cultural factors by obey Japanese habbits.
Finally, do the best you can do to get the highest quality when delivere it to Japanese.
2. CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
Talking about cross—cultural analysis between Indonesia and Japan is like talking about twin brother
with alot of difference. Is that called twin? Of course not, it’s a joke. But, history about Japanese’s expansion to
Indonesia around 40’s and some Japan’s brand manufactures held in Indonesia connecting both, especially for
Indonesia. More and more Indonesian schoolar in Japan also giving effect in promoting Japanese culture to
Indonesian people, especially in education systems. Pop culture (especially in music and cinema) as japan’s
soft power also atract Indonesian people to know about Japan and coming there. As the result, I met
Indonesian people in hotel, mall, and tourism destination. That phenomenon answers my curiosity about why
airbus plane that we flied mostly filled with Indonesian people.
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
As Asian country, Japan and Indonesia are have some similiarity in values, respecting their parent and
elderly as example. Both are also beliefs in norms about life in harmony. But, Indonesia is more heterogeneus
than Japan that affects in how both keep their identity and interact with foreigners. Most of the Japanese that
I met are less in speaking english. So, communications held with paper or calculator supported while the
Japanese is talkless.
Smile to others, especially to foreigners, also less in Japaneses face. It’s different with Indonesian who
tends to talk with new comr or foreigner as a greeting. I think it’s effect of Japanese attention about privacy.
You can’t take someone or people’s picture without their willingness. That’s why every camera must set their
tone. It’s very different if we see Indonesian people who love to selfie at most.
Perfectness view is another thing of difference. Effort to get the perfectness in every thing is commonly
recognized as japanese culture. It’s drive society’s obedience in rules and norms. So, discipline is important to
keep or you’ll shame. And the most important is know the rules. Indonesian people also beliefs in that view
but it’s mostly breaked by always understanding others view. It’s happened as local wisdom to live in harmony
at heterogenity in Indonesia.
Harmony also implemented in how Japan keep their traditional identity but adopting modernity in other
side. Japan improve their technology standards continously but they keep Japanese simbol and philosophy in
there. That’s why modernity and culture are meet become theme campaign or promotion mostly. And it’s
work for Indonesian people.
But, the biggest part of the difference is how the government seriously implementing good government
in every public policy. It’s happen because public scrutinity are held seriosuly. And the existence of Japan’s
Caesar as the society role models keep Japanese in unity.
Acculturation
Japan ever close their country from another culture as emperor policy that time. But after their
restoration era, Japan starting to relate with another culture and acculturation are happened. In religion,
Shinto and Budha become acculturated in society in form of people going to Shintois temple and also Budhist
temple.
Acculturation also happened in popular culture that they adopt and become their new identity. That’s
why Japanese wave with J-Pop and cinema make Japanese culture accepted in the world and attracting them
become Japanese pop culture fans. Daily technology innovation also creating acculturation in how Japanese
life and creating economy. But, nowadays, Japan facing challenge from Korea as new world challenger in pop
culture and daily technology.
World Brands
Japan success to bring world brand in a lot of thing, from technology, pop culture and also traditional
culture. The marketing attract people around the world to visit and enjoy Japan’s atmosfir. Futhermore, in
phisically product, dumping policy and free tax that implemented increasing the tourist’s leisure. We can
comparing Japan’s product if we buy it in Japan than in Indonesia. Anello, trending Japan’s bag brand, can
bought around ¥3.500 in Japan but we need 1,2 million rupiahs (around ¥10.700) if we bought it in Indonesia.
A Gundam toy’s price around ¥3.000 in Japan but it’s around 1,5 million rupiahs (around ¥13.200) in Indonesia.
We can imagine how wouldn’t turist spend their money in Japan? They can bring world brand product in
cheaper price and the can sell it in common price in their country.
Recommendation
Although Indonesia and Japan have interactial history and economy, Indonesia need to strengthen the
diplomatic relation among them. Because Japan is trust based relationship country. In other side, Indonesian
Government need to warning Indonesian people who visiting Japan to keep their attitude and shows
Indonesian symbol at once. So, Japanese people will positively recognize Indonesia and accepting economic
trade that may be held in interaction between Indonesian and Japanese while visiting Japan.
For Indonesian tourism, I think the Government need to promoting beauty of Indonesia’s beauty in Japan
because alot of people from alot of country come to Japan. The beauty of tropical nature that it doesn’t exist
in Japan.
3. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
Visiting Shinkoto Incineration Plant as one of the 19 plant in Clean of Authority of Tokyo which is build
2
in 61.000 m area that completed in September 1998 was were a sign that Japan are aware about waste
management much early than Indonesia who doesn’t have an incineration plant until now. With 1.800
tons/day in capacity and 50.000 KW in power generation, Shin-koto is the biggest Incineration plant among 19
incineration plant that handle waste from 23 city in Tokto Metropolis (see the list below) which is 88 billion
yen approximately in construction cost. Shin-koto is specialized in combustible waste by burning it and
recycling the heat energy for public facilities and reducing the volume until 5% from beginning size.
No.
Date
Completed
Plant Name
Property Area
2
(approx. M )
Incineration Capacity
(tons/day)
Power Generation
Capacity (KW)
1 Meguro
March 1991
29.000
600
11.000
2 Ariake
Desember 1995
24.000
400
5.600
3 Chitose
March 1996
17.000
600
12.000
4 Edogawa
January 1997
28.000
600
12.300
5 Sumida
January 1998
18.000
600
13.000
6 Kita
March 1998
19.000
600
11.500
7 Shin-koto
September
1998
61.000
1.800
50.000
8 Minato
January 1999
29.000
900
22.000
9 Toshima
June 1999
12.000
400
7.800
10 Shibuya
July 2001
9.000
20
4.200
11 Chuo
July 2001
29.000
600
15.000
12 Itabashi
Novembe 2002
44.000
600
13.200
13 Tamagawa
June 2003
32.000
300
6.400
14 Adachi
March 2005
37.000
700
16.200
15 Shinagawa
March 2006
47.000
600
15.000
16 Katsushika
December 2006
52.000
500
13.500
17 Setagaya
March 2008
30.000
300
6.750
18 Ota
September
2014
92.000
600
22.800
19 Nerima
November 2015
15.000
500
18.700
624.000
11.220
276.950
TOTAL
Shin-koto Incineration Plant Equiped with 3 fully incinerator with 600 tons/day capacity. It’s have
natural circulation type water pipe boiler with heater in 121,3 tons/hour maximum steam generated each. All
the waste collect from 21 double-leafed hinged gate delivered from more than 100 truck operated everyday.
Turbine generator with 50.000 KW become the one and main bleeder condensing turbine. All facilities are
managed in Central Control Room operated by some man inside.
Generally, Shin-koto Incineration Plant have three stage incinerator to process rough wastes become
bottom ash. The bottom ash used in three categories:
for privat cement factories,
ash-melting facility, and
-
Landfill disposal site.
Using bottom ash for cement is a full-scale initiative for the purpose of reducing the amount of landfill
disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. It’s extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal
sites in Tokyo Port. Bottom ash turns into sandy slag when melted in a high temperature of over 1.200°C
(2.192°F). The process of making slag will decomposes dioxins within the ash and it will traps heavy metals
inside. That process also make it safe and efficient for use as construction materials.
The heat energy that generated from incineration put to beneficial use in power generation and in
supplying energy. The heat transformed become electricity and the water from Boiler steamed and used.
Electricity that transformed before is used within facilities to operate the plant it self. So it can reducing
electricity purchases and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. While hot water which is
pressurized and remains in its liquid state even over 100°C in temperature selled to other facilities.
For year 2013, Shin-koto Incineration Plant generated:
16.073 kWh electricity and sold 9.678 kWh to get 182.992 yen as income (around 60%)
58.356 Giga Joule from Hot Water and get 1.804 yen as income.
So, Shin-koto Incineration Plant get revenue from their generator around ¥ 18.479 a year or ¥ 1.540 a month
or ¥ 51 a day.
While as a united, in 2015, beneficial use of heat from all incineration are:
1.172,60 MkWh totally generated but 660,86 MkWh sold (around 56%) and 11.765,76 Million yen
(117,6576 Million US Dollar) earned as income.
Heat supplied around 501.000 Giga Joule and earn 192,02 million yen (1,9202 million US Dollar) as
income.
So, totally all incineration get ¥ 11.957,78 million a year
Energy
Shin-koto (2013)
All Incineration (2015)
Electricity Income
¥ 182.992
¥ 11.765,76 million
Heat Income
¥ 1.804
¥ 192,02 million
TOTAL
¥ 184.796
¥ 11.957,78 million
Per month
¥ 1.540
¥ 996,48 million
Per day
¥ 51
¥ 33,21 million
-
So, Shinkoto Incineration Plant hold little part of all income although it’s the biggest one. It’s cause by the
older technology used than the newest (like: Nerima – 2015, Ota – 2004, or Setagaya – 2008).
With the power generation capacity is 276.950 KW per day, all incineration plant can produce until
101.363.700 KW or 101.363,7 MkW a year. But, based on report, they produce only 1.172,6 MKW (only more
than 1%). So, they didn’t use all of the capacity. It’s caused by the availability of the waste as the raw material
to burned. Other reason are long term going concern of the incineration for maintenance periode regularly.
So, in fact, the incineration doesn’t work each day along the year.
Shin-koto Incineration Plant basically managed like a business entity but still supported by
government. From the waste report for year 2017, as all incineration plant report, 45,4% (¥31,450 Billion –
US$ 314,50 Million) of income are coming from Allotment that paid by each of 23 Cities for operational
expenses of Incineration plants. While 36,6% (¥25,323 Billion – US$ 253,23 Miliion) are coming from disposal
fees paid by businesses and proceeds from sales of generated electricity. Other income are from carryover
from reserve bond 2,7% (¥1,866 Billion – US$ 18,66 Million) and Others 0,4% (¥0,328 Billion – US$ 3,28
Million).
Revenue
Allotment
Disposal Fees
Reserve Bond
Others
In other side, expenditures of all incineration are mostly for Waste Management Costs reaching
67,3% (¥46,601 Billion- US$ 466,01 Million) as maintenance costs required for regular inspections of
incineration plants, utility costs, purchasing costs of chemicals to protect the environment, labor cost, etc.
While cost for general affairs (expenses for main labor, labor cost of main labor) and operational expenses for
assemblies reach 7,2% (¥5,027 Billion – US$ 50,27 Million) and Repayment of loans (from Pubic Loans) take
5,2% (¥3,597 Billion – US$ 35,97 Million).
Expenditure
Waste Management Cost
General Affair
Loan Repayment
The part of reserve bond and repayment of Public Loans show us that public are involved in waste
management program although the main fund is from government. It’s need an interesting program and
awareness to attract public interest. May be it’s the result of the tradition of processing waste by sorting by
type that began to be introduced in Japan in the 1970s. Nowadays that’s become a culture in Japan, including
Tokyo.
Based on Tokyo Metropolis Waste Report, one person generate 828 grams per day averagely. The
calculation are the amount ofwaste generated divided by population. So 2.783.984 tons of waste for one year
produced and 9.190.237 people involved divided by 366 days. That’s why all incineration need ¥56.305 (US$
563,05) per 1 ton of waste and ¥83.620 (US$ 836,20) per 1 ton night soil for collection, transfer, processing,
and disposal. That’s why, campaign for waste awareness are always and keep promoted to people by 3Rs
promotion (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) slogan. That slogan is part of the Promotion of Effective Utilization of
Resource that derive by some action like:
recycling of reusable products
innovations such as easily recyclables structures and materials
labeling for sorting of recyclables at source, and
promotion of the efficient use of by-products.
In other side, to forming a recycling-oriented society, appropriate treatment of waste should be held
with properly Waste Management and supported by Public Cleansing Act with some action like:
reducing of waste,
appropriate treatment for the waste (including recycling),
regulation on the establishment of waste treatment facilities,
regulations regarding waste treatment facilities, and
regulations regarding waste treatment businesses, plus
-
establishment of waste treatment standards.
Promoting the Creation of a Recycling Oriented Society based on law (Basic Framework Act)
implemented by some component which is Waste Management, Public Cleansing Act, and Act on the
Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resource. Furthermore, promotion of eco-friendly procurement in goods
and services led by the national government (called Law on Promoting Green Purchasing) also implemented
by Tokyo Metropolis government by targeting some specific product groups, such as:
container and packaging,
home appliance ,
food waste ,
construction materials ,
recycling of end-of-life vehicles, and
small home appliances .
In that term, government can charge people or busniess who infringe the law.
But the successfull of the waste management campaign in Japan cause decrease in waste amount.
The decrease make the supply of waste to burned in incineration also reduce. That’s why only 1% of
electricity generated capacity used. Its contrary with cost that still expended to keep the incineration. In this
angle, Tokyo do not ecenomically manage the waste. That’s why Government should handle the incineration
dominantly because, in long term, it’s not profitable.
Furthermore, zero waste concept that implemented nowadays by 5R concept (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle, Replace, and Replant) push the waste management process held at as close as possible the waste
source to reduce collect and transfer cost. 5R concept can be implemented in housing area and public
facilities by:
Concept
Process
Reduce
- avoid products with big waste generated
- use green product than disposable goods
- reduce using disposable goods
- sell or give selected waste to right hand
Reuse
- use reuse product for more than one function
- use green bag
- use recharge element
- improve use of the goods for another functions
Recycle
- choose product with green packaged
- manage the organic waste you generated self
- manage the anorganic waste to usefull goods
Replace
- change all good with green products
- change the package wrap with environmentally friendly product
- change disposable goods with long term use products
Replant
- make your environment green and use environmentally friendly product
Zero waste concept direct the orientation management including:
integrated waste management
composting technology
recycling plastic and paper waste
incineration plant technology
society participation.
So, incineration plant is a part of zero waste management as the farest side. Meanwhile, great amount of
Waste Management Cost (67,3%) with almost 45,4% revenue coming from allotment, Shin-koto incineration
plant will be one of the some incineration who will be shut down in the future and Tokyo will optimize the
newer incineration plant.
Recommendation
Based on the Shin-koto Incineration Plant visit, waste management should be promoted and handled
by government to take participation of the people and business. Government should propose Basic
Farmework Act as the based of all policy in waste management. Japan have Waste Management Law that
declared in 1970 and Indonesia also have it in 2008. Japan already have incineration since 1991 (Meguro
Incineration Plant) – 21 years after the law but Indonesia doesn’t have any incineration plant until now.
Waste management in Indonesia nowadays become local problem managed by the city as the impact
of desentralization. But, until now, only 7% of all city who implementing 3R in waste management. Most of
them still using old methode of waste management by buried it in the ground. More terrible, only 50% of
waste can handled in big cities. The rest are unmanaged and pile up in rivers or street side or (if you lucky)
find it in empty space of land among houses.
The other problem is less budget for waste management in most city. Jakarta, as central city, only
prepare Rp 123.000 per tons (around US$9 per ton). Compared with Tokyo who spend US$ 563,05 per ton or
Swedia Rp 2.500.000 per ton (around US$190 per ton) and England, Poland, Italy and Germany around Rp
1.000.000 – 2.000.000 per ton (around US$76 – 150 per ton). The less budget reflect less commitment in
waste management of the city manager.
In contrary, Ministry of Life Environment targeting Indonesia as Zero Waste Country for 2020. But
there is no incineration plant build untill now. Central Government push Local Government to fulfill Zero
Waste Management Concepts but no incentif for incineration plant budget. So Local Government should
involving society and business to take care about waste management together.
But, as a fact, zero waste management by enclose the waste management processes near the waste
source still need incineration plant to handle more huge amount of waste that unmanaged nowadays.
Incineration plant needed especially in big city (usually capital city or mayor city of the province). Or, base on
Shin-koto incineration plan capacity, it can build to handled more than a city or a region that consist of some
near city, like Jabodetabek.
Shin-koto Incineration Plant build in 1998 for 30 years as planned (until 2028) with ¥ 88 billion
(around Rp 9.944 billion) budget. That’s a big amount for local government even we don’t consider the
inflation rate for 20 years. That’s number coming from large scale of building and machinery. Another huge
number is coming from cost for collection, transfer, processing, and disposal.
But we can minimize it by implementing zero waste concept by separate the waste based on the
characteristic to some place. So, it can divide waste portion in each and reduce the capacity of incineration
scale needs like figure out below.
Housing, Public Market, Commercial Space
Collecpng Plant
ITF
Special Waste
Plant
In the source of waste (housing, public market, public/commercial space), most of waste (especially
for organic/natural waste) should be handled first by composting process or producing natural fertilizer. The
products can be selled as income resource to keep the composting process running. Another waste
(anorganic waste) processed in collecting plant to separated in each criteria (like pure plastic, paper with ink,
etc) to recycled become another product. The recycling poduct can selled for income of Collecting Plant.
Some of unrecycled waste processed in ITF (Intermediate Treatment Facility) to burned with high
temperature. The heat from that process can be transform become electricity (Thermoelectric) using
generator and selled as income for ITF. The rest is special waste processed in Special Waste Plant for
unrecycled waste and dangerous waste that need special treatment. Because it’s limited from industry and
regulation push them to processing their waste, Special Waste Plant can offer their service to help industry
with some affordable tariff.
No.
Waste Plant
1.
Housing,
Market,
Space
2.
Collecting Plant
3.
Waste
Portion
Public organic/natural waste
Commercial
Source of Income
45%
Composted product
recycled waste
30%
recycled product
ITF
Combusted waste
20%
Thermoelectric
4.
Special Waste Plant
Chemical and
treatment waste
TOTAL
sepcial 5%
Waste management
service
100%
By managing society waste with more economically, sustainability of the waste management plan can
be pursued although it’s take big cost at first. But, properly waste management will reduce the government
expense from increasing the society health expense as the result. And clean, health and safe may supports
the government effort in marketing of the city. Eventually, it will increase the economic wheel of the city.
4. ITINERARY DIARY
Monday morning be more noisy in my house when my kids sulking and take pitiful face to seduce me
because they want to accompanied me to Japan. In other side, through Whatsapp group, I coordinate my
classmate about our departure from Bandung to Jakarta then Tokyo. And when the plane take off, let’s find
out about Japan.
First Day (16 May 2017)
Landing process become sucking moment when I got airsickness because of the time. I am sorry for
mu decision to keep the herbal in my bagage than bring it to cabin. So, first morning in Japan started with my
friends and lecturer hassles to help me get well.
Walking in arrival rute on Narita Airport make me conclude that we are the first arrival in that
morning because there is no other passenger beside JAL passenger of Jakarta – Tokyo rute. Futhermore, I got a
lot of elderly worker in airport working skillful. Passing the exit door, there is elderly officer set the traffic. Even
our bus driver is an elder. It is a different culture between Japan and Indonesia. In Indonesia, elderly are
identic with rest time and enjoy their life also that’s the chance for their kids take care them.
The wind whispering my head and make me aware that winter to summer in Japan are still chill. Oh
no...I’ll get cold if I stay in outside. So I got my body in the back line of the bus chairs and go to the first trip,
Asakusa Temple.
Asakusa Temple set as the first place because talking Japan is talking about people who try to keep
their culture and modernity as coin’s sides, Head or Number. Asakusa also give me insight about harmony
between Budha and Sinto because there is Sensoji Temple as Budhist representation and Asakusa Temple for
Shintoisme. This is interesting and make me sure that Asian people, mostly, are life in tolerance each other.
People said, Sensoji Temple builded after some fisherman found a Kannon or Kanzeon statue in
Sumida river, near from the location. Kannon is Japanese called for Kwan Im, goddes of Compassion. Many
times they put it back to the river but many times it’s back to them. That’s why people decide to build Sensoji
Temple at 7th century, era of Budha spread in Japan after diplomatic agreement with China. The temple
starting with a giant gate named Kaminarimon, means Flash Gate, with two big statue Fujin (God of Wind) and
Raijin (God of Thunder) and giant lampion as center before entering the main temple Hozomon. Backside of
the gate there is Budha Tenryu and Kinryu statue. I am attracted with giant straw slipper hang in the gate.
People said that it’s Budha’s slipper. Wow....who made it and how big them?
Along Kaminarimon and Hozomon, I found Nakamise Douri (street) with a lot of stores of gifts, snacks,
Japanese traditional clothes and japanese talisman. I found more elderly in the stores. While I found a lot of
youth with their uniform around there. When I am asking our tour guide about that, He said that, because of
healthy life style, expected life of Japanese people are more than 85 years. So after they got retired in 60, they
still strong enough to do anything. Wow...It’s amazing and appreciated. But, in other side, youth generation
are less number than older. So the elderly are still working, especially in energy less consume activity.
Oh...something different point view in here. In Indonesia, good children will not allow their parent getting
work because they think this is their time to repay their parent favor when yjey are child.
At the end of Nakamise Douri, there is the main temple, Hozomon, red painted wood with giant
lampion in japanese font and a lot of stairs. In the right side before stepped the stairs, some people swarmed a
big water canon with men statue upside. My tour guide said it’s a ritual before entering the temple by washing
their hand and face. But why not all people did it?
In the last stairs, there is a long box to place long myrrh and some coin as alms. Hozomon divide to
some space into for public enter, prayer enter and forbiden enter. Lucky me when entering the Hozomon, the
ritual are held so I can see the monk lead the pray by sitting in a languange that I don’t understand at all. So I
just look around for some people who pray in public enter area by standing in front of another box for alms.
Golden and red are dominan color in here like alms become something dominant for Japanese people,
conclude from most of japanese who visiting the temple are giving their alms in both box.
Right side of the Hozomon, I saw a shinto temple ( japanese called it Jinja but western called it Shrine)
named Asakusa Temple. Japanese believed that Jinja is place for Gods in earth. Asakusa temple is place for
three gods named Sanja-sama. The temple also dominated with red and golden colour like Hozomon but it’s
smaller in size and only few people visiting it. There is no public enter or prayer enter room in here. Only room
for gods symbol inside. People who want to pray just standing in front of the opened space and covered with
the roofside. In front of the temple, there is a gate with rope around it. And among them, exist two black Lion
rock statue in let and rigt side. Shinto is a representative of japanese religion as acculturation between Budha
and local wisdom.
After bought some Japanese gift in Nakamise, I join my group and go to next trip, Ueno market. Ueno
market is like commercial place that consist of store buildings for people who want good quality, not the
premium, with lower price. And, this is the first place for me to conclude that Japanese stores are well known
about tax. They always said that the price is exclude tax. Or there will explanation about free tax mechanism.
I didn’t find elder people in Ueno stores. I found young person advertise their store with red plastic
loud speaker. The only one I found, the rest are silent. But I can’t bought any cloth or shoes coz most of them
are bigger than my size. Poor me.
After have lunch in Mantra, Indian Halal restaurant we found in Ueno, my group taken to Tokyo
Skytree, another tower besides Tokyo Tower. I found some Japanese student group when entering the register
desk. Obviously, Tokyo Skytree with 6.340 m heigh become domestic and international destination nowadays.
Tokyo Skytree build from 14 July 2008 and finished at 29 February 2012 but publicly opened 22 May 2012.
That’s why when I am coming there, the 5th anniversary theme are showed.
Have a trip in Skytree told me about how Japan manage their town. First, how they manage so many
people to keep queue in marked line. This is interesting. The officer ask the visitors stay in the marked area
with smile and clearly body gesture. And no one excluded. They asking people stay in one line queue and
manage them gradually. The speed and cumber of the lift may be the key to minimize the queue time so
visitor still comfort to waiting quietly. Combination between technology and human touch are the key success
factor. Second, how clean environemt is definetely implemented. I didn’t find any rubbish although I didn’t
find any dustbin. So, visitor forced to keep anything on their own. Furthermore, clean environment are clearly
figure out when I saw Tokyo city in Tokyo Skytree glass. Clean river across the city and clean is also find out
along the street. And there is no crowded traffic. Marvelous. Third, picture of older era of Japan also give me
information about how the landscape of Tokyo is still River City. So, the government try to keep the
environment growth naturally. But, that’s what make the land price is very expensive.
Tokyo Skytree give me amazing view of Japan and I got another point view in Ginza. Yes...I found
crowded people in Ginza but still there is no crowded traffic in there. I also found most of Japanese are
walking with high speed and no smile. Maybe because I am a stranger. In Indonesia, I’ll got little smile
although I am stranger as long as I take smile face.
Ginza is comersial area that famous with crowded people but still tidy. I don’t talk about crowded
traffic in here. Trust me, I never found crowded traffic along in Japan. Japanese, especially in Tokyo, mostly use
public transportation which is cheap, on time and comfort enough – but also crowded. In other side,
Government take high rate of tax for personal transportation and parking cost is so expensive. That’s why
people tend to use public transportation. Ehm...I think it’s smart policy to reduce personal vehicles.
In Ginza, I chose Ginza Six as the newest mall in there. Entering Ginza Six like entering some supermall
in Jakarta, luxurious product with very expensive price. But, the different is there are some beautiful
decorated public space for visitor take a sit. But there is no people use that along I am in there. May be
Japanese people are strong enough to walking around the supermall.
Other thing that atract me is how Japanese using elevator which is concentrate in left side, one man
one row, and let people in hurry to use right side. It’s very different with Indonesian people who tend to
optimize public facilities for their own comfort. While they are in group, they will stand near each other and
there is no empty space for people in hurry.
After get something needed in Ginza Six, I am directed to Rasa, an Malaysian Halal food restaurant.
Finally I got similiar Indonesia taste food in there. My group commited with halal food trip along in Japan. So
we are selected Indian and Malaysian restaurant by the travel agent. When I am asking my tour guide why we
don’t get Japanese restaurant, He said that it’s difficult to find Japanese food restaurant with 30 person
capacity. Most of them are only for 10 to 20 person. It’s oke....although I am still corius where the nearest
halal japanese food restaurant around us. But I can’t find it.
Second Day (17 May 2017)
After had breakfast in hotel, I am taken to Tsukiji Outer Fish Market where the biggest Tuna auction
happened here. But, unfortunately, we came when it’s over. So we just look around stalls around the market.
Fish smell everywhere but it’s stil clean enough and less of inundation. Little surprise when we keep walking
and found more convenience tranditional market near it with air conditioned room and dry floor. There are a
lot of store sell sushi, unagi, tuna, vegetables and fruits. And through the exit door, there is a lot of traditional
store with a lot of product. I found unique food made from egg, squared form with wood handled and it’s
sweet. My friend said it’s called Tamagoyaki. It’s different in Indonesia, egg are always salty.
My group have lunch in Malay Chan halal food restaurant in that day. The owner are Japanese face
but she can speak bahasa. And surprisingly the chef came from Palembang, one of the city in Indonesia that
most of them are similiar with Japanese, white skin and slit eye. That’s why the owner can speak Bahasa.
While we using a small room for pray one by one in there, others are getting out enjoy the sun in a
2
public space consist of around 400 m with some high tree and a corner to got sit near the restaurant. That’s
the only soiled area that I found along in Tokyo.
When I had walking to the bus for next trip, I saw an unique incident from a guy who surrounded by
several officer that try to keep walking while a phone kept in his hand although he officers try to bump him. I
am asking the tour guide and he said abut law enforecement mechanism in Japan that need eight officer.
Minimum, to processing a case, incidentally case.that’s why the guy stiil walking far enough from the first
location he did something.
Incineration plan is the next trip. This is one of my group main visited place. I got a lot of knowledge in
here, from how the incineration system, how manage household waste, how manage the budget, and how to
manage the success story.
Shinkoto Incineration Plan is one of the 21 Incineration Plan as a part of Clean Authority of Tokyo
Program and governed by Tokyo Metropolitan Goverment that involved 23 cities.
To ensure how Japan manage their limited land area, my groups taken to Aqua City, a place for
shopping and enjoy the beauty of Liberty Statue. Wait...Liberty Statue? Yes...there is Liberty Statue in Aqua
City although smaller than in USA. My favorit store in Aqua City is Daiso. Place to get good quality things with
only 100 yen. Although most of product produce in China, Daiso standard in quality is implemented.
Dinner become memorable in Saray restaurant because I never taste Turkish food before. It's strange
enough but I still enjoy it.
Third Day (18 May 2017)
I got early breakfast that day because my group must attended the joint seminar in Takushoku
university. And I had preparing my presentation in there. And for the first time, I am wearing long tie and black
formal suit plus full english in front of Takushoku’s Profesor and all audience. Thank’s God...Profesor Fujimoto
gived very positif suggestion to each presenter, including me.
After presenting the research, we got Chinese Muslim Tokyo Restaurant. That’s the most delicious
food I got along in Japan. Wether because of hunger after presenting or the taste, all the menu are eaten out.
Not only me but all of my friend.
Still wearing formal suit that weared in Takoshoku, I am taken to Harajuku street. And I am feel so
awkward when most of the people in there are so casual. But I am still wear it because it's rainy and cool
enough especially in the last part of Harajuku street. But, my favorit place is Daiso....still.
That day, my group got late lunch but early dinner at Malaysian Halal Food restaurant. Wait...is there
no Indonesian halal food for us? My tour guide said there is no Indonesian Halal Food restaurant for 30
persons. Mostly only 10 to 20 persons capacity.
Fourth Day (19 May 2017)
Last day in Japan, we starting it with Akihabara, a place for seeking electronic and second hand
branded product. There is a lot of light banner of the store with their own character. I found girly theme
banner and anime clothes servant in that store. I also found full of Japanese font banner and I cant’t read it’s
mean at all.
I got a developing site in Akihabara and I catch unique phenomenon on the workers. Wearing
expensive loose pants type, luxurious watch in hand and proudly walking step. From my tour guide,
construction labores are same amount wages with officer labores. Thats why they can wear luxurious watch.
That’s why average price for food in japan are mostly same. I bought Kebab in Akihabara in 550 yen. While
most of food stall sell their product in 500 – 600 yen. Because all of the jobs are sufficiently appreciate in
wages or salary, price standard of the life products are also expensive. It’s different phenomenon compare in
Indonesia. There will be great parity in each jobs wages or salary. And construction laborer are in low range
wages as identically with thinkless jobs.
I bought Anello for my wife in Akihabara because my friends said it’s triple times price in Indonesia. I
also bough some food ware in there. But why I still find made in China in food ware product. And spontaneusly
I remembered about the hight labor wages/salary.
Before arrived in airport, I am taken to Sishui Premium Factory Outlet. This is really factory outlet
because near the factory warehouse and original product so lower price for hight quality product as result. It’s
totally different with Factory Outlet in Bandung which is sell clothes, mostly, with unfamiliar brand and
rejected export product stereotip. Marvelous things in Sishui Premium Factory Outlet are praying room and
free wifi. Honestly, it’s very dificult to find praying room in Japan. Mostly, I must do pray in bus among the trip.
The room is comfort and sufficient for ten males, may be also the female room. And free wifi, of course,
needed to share my experience along the trip in Japan and tell the world I have already in Japan.
The airport as last place for me in Japan. And the crowd is blown when some of my friends try hard to
make her/his bagage maximum capacity in 2 bag and 23kg each. Airport is also force me and my friends
become impulsif buyers when our yen is a lot of enough to bough something and ensure we don’t have any
yen anymore, except for gift or memories.
5. DOCUMENTATION
Presenters in International Joint Seminar in
Takoshaku University
In front of Tsukiji Fish Market Temple
In basement of Tokyo Skytree
First Landing in Tokyo
In front of Asakusa Temple
Liberty Statue in Odaiba
In front of Takoshaku University