Group Japan Report Nur Alam Syah
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR
& VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
Tokyo, Japan 15 – 19 May 2017
Arranged by
Nur Alam Syah
Student ID 120820160064
MASTER OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG 2017
MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Tokyo is Japan’s Capital and the centre of Japanese politics, economy, and culture. Core management institutions,
such as head offices of companies, administrative agencies, and foreign corporations, are all concentrated in the metropolitan
area. Japan in total has 47 prefectures. Tokyo is one of its prefecture and have 23 cities. Japan is a small, but articulate,
country. They’re advanced in telecommunications, trasportation and waste management. PESTLE analysis of Japan
are as follows.
A.
POLITICAL FACTORS
Japan is a monarchy. But the
current Emperor, Akihito, has little say in
the country’s political developments. He is
a figurehead and a symbol of the country.
Japan is connected with G8 and ASEAN.
They have a rocky relationship with Russia,
South Korea, China, and Taiwan. Disputes
are related to resources, such as natural
gas, oils, and further marine resources.
Political factors relate to
government policies, political conditions
and state security conditions. Unstable
political and security conditions of the
State, can provide a sense of insecurity to
all foreign tourists who come to a
Figure 1. Tokyo Imperial Place
countries. Japan is a monarchy.
But the
current Emperor, Akihito, has little say in
the country’s political developments. He is a figurehead and a symbol of the country. Based on
observations in thefield indicates the Japanese government was very serious to attract foreign tourists. The
tax-free policy adopted by the Japanese government very supports the Japanese market.
Policy on system transportation especially at tokyo city is very good. Public transport with in Tokyo
is dominated by the world's most extensive urban rail network of clean and efficient surface trains and
subways run by a variety of operators, with buses, trams, monorails, and other modes supporting the
railway lines. furthermore, high parking taxes make people prefer public transportation rather than
personal transportation. all of the poliicy make Tokyo is Comfort of a place to stay
B.
ECONOMICAL FACTORS
Economic factors include all factors that affect the purchasing power of the customer and affect
the business climate of a countriy. The Japanese economy is strong. In fact, it’s in the top 5 for largest
economies in the world. A strong emphasis is placed on its education system and being a contributor to
society is a huge part of Japanese culture. best education and good culture prepares them for the working
world. Men are expected to join a company and stick with it for most, if not all, of their working career.
Women are expected to work until married. economic stabity make stock market is growing at a rapid
pace and it is good for business climate of a countriy business climate of a countriy. it can make product
is cheaper than other country. Based on observations in the field, the price of a similar product is cheaper
in Japan than in Indonesia specially smartphone or Electronic goods.
C.
SOCIAL FACTORS
Social factors include all the factors that can affect the needs of the customer and affect the size
of the existing market share (Example: level of community education, population growth rate, social
environment condition and work environment). Based on observations in the field, The country has 127
million Japanese residents. The couple is expected to have at least one boy who can ‘inherit’ the family’s
worth and/or possessions. It’s a patriarchal system. However, birth rates have been low between
monogamous couples over the last couple of years. Regarding religion, Japan is open. Many are
Christians, but a few venture into different religions, like Shinto.
D.
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
Technological factors include everything that
can help in facing business challenges and support the
efficiency of the company's business processes. Based
on observations in the field, Japan has one of the
most advanced telecommunications systems,
particularly with their mobile devices. Japan have
made it possible to connect to wifi virtually anywhere
in populated areas. So, instead of texting, the
Japanese send emails and pass contact information
wirelessly by holding their phones together. In fact,
many key facilities in Japan, such as hospitals,
airports, and restaurants, use automation systems.
They also have stronger robotic development
compared to other countries.
E.
ENVIRONMENT FACTORS
Environmental factors can be used when
doing strategic planning or trying to influence buyer
decisions such as geographic location factors. a large
population of Japan is concentrated in and around
Tokyo. This isn’t a choice, for the most part, because
much of the island is overrun by mountain and forest.
Because it’s surrounded by water, the land is
susceptible to tsunamis and earthquakes. With
housing and developments packed closely to
accommodate the high population, they’re at risk to
colossal damage should a natural disaster hit. To
prevent earthquake damage, buildings in japan are
designed to withstand earthquakes and the Japanese
are very concerned about the environment.
Figure 2. Magokoroid (Robot Information)
RECOMMENDATION :
In line with the economic growth that occurred in indonesia particulary in Jakarta, as a consequence of its
role as a center of government and center of trade in goods and services, population growth has also increased
mainly contributed by urbanization. The number of commuters increases the density of traffic in Jakarta.
Meanwhile, the variety of transportation modes mixed together in a single lane of traffic in Jakarta, causing traffic
jams in almost every street. The fact points out that the application of alternative solutions which is primarily
transportation management, have some constraints. it may be said that the most important solution is the political
will to encourage the implementation of several alternative solutions. Indonesia must learn Japan transportation
management specially in tokyo.
CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
Cross culture can refer to a company's initiatives to increase understanding of different groups, develop
effective communication or marketing efforts to reach out to customers and clients outside its traditional market.
Methods of cross culture are intended to strengthen the interaction of people from different backgrounds in the
business world and is a vital issue in international business. Understanding consumer behavior for companies that
market their products within the borders of a country is quite difficult.
A.
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies.
Japan is a country that is very obedient
to the rules and orderly. other than that,
Japanese are very concerned with cleanliness.
This custom is certainly very different from the
habits of the people in the other country. Some
of the rules and habits in this country are
encountered in this study visit, among others:
When we walking on stairs or sidewalks, we
have to separate the space so that people can
get ahead, In Japan provided various types of
bin. You have to sort out the garbage you want
to remove. If there is no bin, you should first
pocket your garbage and throw it away when
you see the bin, The Japanese are always
obedient and timely and Instead of smoking,
the country has special rules and a special place
for smokers. If you want to smoke, you should
Figure 3. Toilet For Child
smoke in a place that has been provided and
allowed. If you violate, you also have to pay a
fine.
B.
Acculturation
Habits of Japanese people are generally
a country that is very obedient to the rules and
very concerned with cleanliness. So that the
international market players must also be able
to translate the marketing of its products in
accordance with the Japanese people's habits.
Related to eating habits, the following are some
habits and passions of Japanese people, among
others: Fish Consumption and Love of
Vegetables. almost in the whole Japanese food
menu must include vegetables in it.Based on
observations in the field, one of acculturation is
Japanese start liking Halal meat because Animals
are not tortured when slaughtered.
Figure 4. Restoran Halal Food
World Brands
Japan has many product and culture that become worldwide. famous Product from japan are
yakult, Hokben, car brand such as toyota and daihatsu and many product more. famous culture from
japan are Sumo, ninja, samurai and etc.
RECOMMENDATION:
Japanese are beginning to like halal food. This is an opportunity to Indonesian products. As a Muslim
country, Indonesia is famous halal products. but to get customer in japan, the companies have to provide high
quality product. because standard food or goods in japan is very hight.
C.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION PLANT (TOKYO, JAPAN)
A.
Introduction
Municipal solid waste management in developed countries encompasses four stages of activities:
source separation, collection, recycling, treatment and final disposal. It starts in households, where waste is
separately disposed of according to designated categories: glass, paper, plastics, metals and organic waste. In japan
especially tokyo have implemetation the best Municipal solid waste. Tokyo is Japan’s Capital and the centre of
Japanese politics, economy, and culture. Core management institutions, such as head offices of companies,
administrative agencies, and foreign corporations, are all concentrated in the metropolitan area. Japan in total has
47 prefectures. Tokyo is one of its prefecture and have 23 cities. The 23 cities at Tokyo Metropolitan Government
has designed an institutional frameworks that the duties of municipal waste management were transferred to 23
cities. Waste management in the 23 cities is performed collaboratively, dividing roles among the respective
municipal governments, the Clean Authority of TOKYO, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. the List Of
Incineration Plants In 23 Cities Of Tokyo as follows:
Figure 5. List Of Incineration Plants In 23 Cities Of Tokyo
Facilities name
Chuo Incineration Plant
Minato Incineration Plant
Kita Incineration Plant
Shinagawa Incineration Plant
Meguro Incineration Plant
Ota Incineration Plant
Phone
number
Fax number
〒104-0053 5-2-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku
03-3532-5341
03-55472263
〒108-0075 5-7-1, Kounan, Minato-ku
03-5479-5300
03-54795399
〒115-0042 1-2-36, Shimo, Kita-ku
03-3598-5341
03-35985800
〒140-0003 1-4-1, Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
03-3799-5353
03-37995005
〒143-0003 3-6-1, Keihinjima, Ota-ku
03-3799-5311
03-37995033
〒146-0092 2-33-1, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku
03-3757-5383
03-37575725
〒157-0074 1-1-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku
03-3416-5355
03-34165387
〒156-0056 2-7-1, Hachimanyama, Setagayaku
03-3302-2590
03-33022591
〒150-0011 1-35-1, Higashi, Shibuya-ku
03-3498-5311
03-34985316
03-3910-5300
03-39162100
Location
(among Plant remodeling)
Tamagawa Incineration Plant
Setagaya Incineration Plant
Chitose Incineration Plant
Shibuya Incineration Plant
Suginami Incineration Plant
Toshima Incineration Plant
(among Plant remodeling)
〒170-0012 2-5-1, Kamiikebukuro, Toshima-ku
Itabashi Incineration Plant
Nerima Incineration Plant
Hikarigaoka Incineration
Plant
〒175-0082 9-48-1, Takashimadaira, Itabashiku
03-5945-5341
03-53982210
〒177-0032 6-10-11, Yahara, Nerima-ku
03-3995-5311
03-39955317
〒131-0042 1-10-23, Higashisumida, Sumidaku
03-3613-5311
03-52475389
〒136-0081 3-1-1, Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku
03-5569-5341
03-55695346
〒135-0063 2-3-10, Ariake, Koutou-ku
03-3529-3751
03-35293764
〒121-0812 4-7-1, Nishihokima, Adachi-ku
03-3859-4475
03-38585106
〒125-0032 1-20-1, Mizumoto, Katsushika-ku
03-5660-5389
03-56605379
〒132-0013 2-10, Edogawa, Edogawa-ku
03-3676-4446
03-36764547
(among Plant remodeling)
Sumida Incineration Plant
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Ariake Incineration Plant
Adachi Incineration Plant
Katsushika Incineration Plant
Edogawa Incineration Plant
Other facilities
Facilities name
Location
Shinagawa Cleaning Facility for Night
soil (Night soil relations)
〒140-0003 1-4-11,
Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
Keihinjima Island Incombustible
Waste Processing Center
〒143-0003 3-7-1,
Keihinjima, Ota-ku
Chubo Incombustible Waste
Processing Center
〒135-0064 2, Aomi,
Koutou-ku frontage
Large-sized Waste Pulverization
Processing Facility
〒135-0064 2, Aomi,
Koutou-ku frontage
Phone number
Fax number
03-3799-5361
03-3799-5005
03-3599-5310
(processing
facilities-proof
administration
office
03-3599-5360
(processing
facilities-proof
administration
office
Source: http://www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp.e.de.hp.transer.com
It was decided that 23 cities would independently manage its own waste collection and transfer, while
management of intermediate processing (incineration, pulverization, etc.) was determined to be handled jointly.
This was due to fact of some cities that had no incineration plant within them, and also for the purpose of
optimizing the processing efficiency. Each of 23 cities collects waste and transfer and looks after recovery of
resources. Whereas Clean Authority of TOKYO looks after Intermediate waste processing of waste, night soil
processing etc. And final disposal (landfill) is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government as consigned by
23 cities and the Clean Authority of TOKYO. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is one of the biggest incenerator in tokyo.
2
The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant property area is 61.000 m and incineration capacity is 1.800 ton/day.
B.
The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Waste management offices in each of
the 23 cities collect and transfer waste. Each
city sets collection days and areas depending
on the type of waste, and conducts efficient
operation plans that correspond to seasonal
changes and regional trends in waste amount.
Waste processing in the 23 cities is free of
charge for household waste (excluding the
disposal of waste exceeding 10 Kg per day),
while large-sized waste and businessgenerated waste are charged. To ensure
efficient transfer, transfer methods are
Figure 6. Shin Koto Incenerator Plant
determined based on the type of waste.
Combustible waste is loaded onto collection
vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle) on collection sites, from which it is directly transferred to an
incineration plant.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant was completed in September 1998. It plays an important role of
processing combustible waste and recycling energy since the heat generated during the incineration
process helps to produce electricity for energy recycling. It has a capacity to process 1,800 ton of waste
per day and generates 50000 kW with a steam turbine generator. In addition, the incineration plant is
equipped with the state-of-theart air pollution preventive facilities to removes most of the hydrogen
chloride contained in exhaust dust sulfur oxides and mercury. It burns combustible waste continuously at
high temperature (800-900 deg C) to ensure complete destruction of dioxins, which successfully
maintains the emission of dioxins at much lower level than legally stipulated. Although recycle has been
stressed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government as the key to deal with waste problem, incineration has
still been playing the main role in handling waste in Tokyo, almost 76% of waste was handled by
incineration.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, as the biggest incineration plant in Tokyo, has played a crucial role
in handling waste in the city. First, the incineration plant can minimize the volume of waste, since the
volume of waste can be reduced to 0.05% after incineration, and this can reduce the pressure to expand
landfills in Tokyo Bay. Second, using incineration to handle waste, especially food waste, can reduce the
sting of the waste and this can prevent the outbreak of decease. Apart from handling waste, Shin-Koto
Incineration Plant, as a sustainable incineration plant, provides heat energy for nearby public &
community facilities through steam generated from boiling water from waste combustion, an energy
recovery process known as WtE (waste to energy). The steam is transported through large pipes to
multiple neighbouring buildings including a sports center, a swimming pool, and also the tourist spot
Yumenoshima Tropical Greenhouse Dome. At the greenhouse dome the heat energy is used to maintain
a stable indoors temperature of 22 degrees Celsius in order to sustain tropical plant species on exhibition.
The energy recovery from combustion of waste is said to be a ‘green’ practice si nce it utilizes trash that
has no other beneficial purpose and it generates enough energy to replace fossil fuel generated
electricity for the neighborhood. We are informed that the collected waste, with thorough sorting and
categorizing according to industry standards, contains enough calories that it needs little or no additional
fuel for combustion. However, we were not able to obtain enough information at the visit to confirm
whether the steam directly supplies heat to maintain the temperature at the greenhouse dome, or goes
through a process with turbines to generate electricity to run the facility. Further research is required at
this point for clarification.
C.
Analysis Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Combustible waste is incinerated
at Shin-Koto Incineration Plant in a safe,
stable, and efficient manner. Incineration
prevents bacteria, vermin, and foul odor,
and maintains a sanitary environment in
Tokyo. By incinerating waste, its will
waste volume reduce. By recycling a part
of bottom ash into cement materials, and
by melting it into slag, the amount going
to the landfill is further reduced.
Emission of hazardous substances within
exhaust and wastewater from the
incineration plants is controlled and
reduced to lower impact on the
environment. In an Shin-Koto Incineration
Plant, power generation and heat supply
Figure 7. Outline Of Shin Koto Incenerator Plant
are performed using the heat energy of
waste incineration. But once improper
waste is brought into an incinerator Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain
waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal
capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great
deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste
collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management. To prevent
carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste
is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the
above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular
inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at Shin-Koto Incineration Plant..
C.1.
Facilities in an Incineration Plant
Initially when the truck
enters the facility, waste truck scale
measure the weight of waste. Waste
collection trucks dump waste into the
bunker. Waste is temporarily stored
here until incineration. Some plants
even have large vacuums to collect
waste through pipes to this chamber.
Waste crane is provided in the top of
waste bunker, which continuously
mixes the waste and sends to the
incineration. Forced draught fan is
used to send air from the waste
bunker to the incineration. The air
Figure 8. Gerbage truck
such sent has a foul smell. Stoker Furnace is used as Incinerator which is heart of this plant. Incinerator
generally burns waste at a high temperature of over 800 degree Celsius. A boiler is attached to the facility
which produces steam from heat generated when waste is burned, to be used for heat supply and electric
power generation. When something is burned, major two products exhaust gases and ashes are collected.
This two things cannot be directly disposed to the atmosphere. Exhaust flue gases from the incineration
chamber passes through the cooling tower which cools high-temperature exhaust emitted from the
incinerator to around 150 degrees Celsius, for preventing the re-composition of dioxins. Exhaust gases so
cooled must be filtered before entering the atmosphere. Bag filter removes soot and dusts, dioxins,
mercury, hydrogen chlorides and sulphur oxides from exhaust. Exhaust is cleaned with water and
chemicals, for removing mercury, hydrogen chlorides and sulphur oxides. Next comes the Catalyst
Reaction Tower where dioxins and nitrogen oxides decomposes in exhaust using catalysts. Through the
induced draft fan, exhaust is sent to the stack. Height of stack depends on the local topography and
meteorological conditions. Exhaust that is free of hazardous substances or odour is released into the air.
Solids and heavy metals in waste water produced from the incineration plant are removed to the limit or
below, before wastewater is released to sewer which reaches water reclamation centre where water is
reclaimed before mixing it with environment. Heart of this plant is Central Control Room which control
and monitors facilities including waste bunker and incinerator. Each facility continuously sends
information to a large-scale computer system, and operations across the entire incineration plant can be
watched on the monitors. Ash generated from incineration at an incineration Plant is separated into
Bottom ash and Fly ash. Bottom ash is cinder discharge from the bottom of incinerator. Fly ash is soot and
dust within exhaust that is collected by bag filters, etc. Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted into
slag, as well as fly ash after processed with chemicals, are sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface
Disposal Site, which has been established and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has
been undertaken to recycle the amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources.
In the initiative for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is generated in
incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains, and efficiently used
as cement materials. Cement materials include limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom
ash is used as substitute for clay. Typically, it is recycled as Portland cement. Portland cement is most
common and widely used type of cement that accounts for approx. 70% of cement consumption in
Japan. Similarly, when bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1200 degrees Celsius and then
rapidly cooled, it turns into slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash. The process of making slag
decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps heavy metals inside, thereby making it safe and efficient for
use in construction materials.
C.2.
Environmental Measures and Counter
Figure 9. Inceneration
Exhaust
emission,
wastewater emission, odour,
noise and vibration and ash
(bottom and fly) are major
sources which affects the
environment. But incineration
plants in Tokyo have managed to
counter this measures. Exhaust
emission mainly consist Soot and
dust, Dioxins, Mercury, Hydrogen
Chloride, sulphur oxides and
Nitrogen oxides which may harm
environment. Soot and dust are
C.3.
generally removed by bag filters. Dioxins generation is restricted through control of waste
incineration process, and their re-composition is prevented by rapid cooling of exhaust in the
cooling tower. Dioxins are also removed by bag filters, and decomposed in the catalyst reaction
tower using catalysts. Mercury is removed by adsorption into activated carbon in bag filters, and
by liquid chelate in the gas scrubber. Hydrogen chlorides and Sulphur oxides are removed by
injecting slaked lime into bag filters, and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda solution
in the gas scrubber. Nitrogen oxides are decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower through a
reaction with ammonia. Similarly, wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment facilities to
meet the standard value, and released into the sewer. To counter noise and vibration, care is
taken for the layout of machinery and soundproof walls and vibration–control equipment are
installed. Odour of the plant is mainly from waste bunkers, platforms and waste collection
vehicles. Air from inside the waste bunker is sent to the incinerator, where odour is incinerated
and decomposed. While the incinerator is off the line, deodorizing devices are used and
deodorizing agents are spread. Entrances and exits of platforms are sealed with air curtains and
deodorizing agents are spread. Collection Vehicles are washed at washing facility to remove their
odour. We have already discussed about bottom ash and fly ash.
Heat Energy Management
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
use the heat energy generated from
waste Incineration beneficially in
power generation and in supplying
energy. Electricity and hot water
produced at Shin-Koto Incineration
Plant are used within facilities to
operate the plant, thereby reducing
electricity purchases and fuel costs.
Surplus electricity is sold to power
companies. Shin-Koto Incineration
Plant sell electricity, and hot water.
Hot water is pressurized and remains
in its liquid state will be tranferred
Figure 10. Generator
to Hot water pool at arround the
factory In FY 2015, total generated
power was 1172.6 million KWh. In total, 660.86 million KWh electricity was sold from
incineration plants and 11.765,76 million yen was income generated from electricity.
501,000 GJ of heat was sold and 192.02 million yen was revenue generated.
D.
Recomendation
To solve the waste problems, it is important to reduce the waste generation, reuse waste and to promote
recycling waste as resources which is promoted as famous 3R by Clean Authority of Tokyo. But no matter how much
do these, waste is sure to be discharged and appropriate disposal of waste is necessary. Waste is burnt in the
incineration plant and becomes ash of volume of about one twentieth. This process contributes to prolong the
limits of disposal sites. Incineration plants are making every effort to prevent pollution. They also utilize the heat
energy produced by the incinerators for generating electric power, supplying steam and hot water to the water front
are and neighbouring public facilities. It is time, to Indonesia thinking how to build incenerator to reduce waste that
gets in the final trash.
& VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
Tokyo, Japan 15 – 19 May 2017
Arranged by
Nur Alam Syah
Student ID 120820160064
MASTER OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY
BANDUNG 2017
MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Tokyo is Japan’s Capital and the centre of Japanese politics, economy, and culture. Core management institutions,
such as head offices of companies, administrative agencies, and foreign corporations, are all concentrated in the metropolitan
area. Japan in total has 47 prefectures. Tokyo is one of its prefecture and have 23 cities. Japan is a small, but articulate,
country. They’re advanced in telecommunications, trasportation and waste management. PESTLE analysis of Japan
are as follows.
A.
POLITICAL FACTORS
Japan is a monarchy. But the
current Emperor, Akihito, has little say in
the country’s political developments. He is
a figurehead and a symbol of the country.
Japan is connected with G8 and ASEAN.
They have a rocky relationship with Russia,
South Korea, China, and Taiwan. Disputes
are related to resources, such as natural
gas, oils, and further marine resources.
Political factors relate to
government policies, political conditions
and state security conditions. Unstable
political and security conditions of the
State, can provide a sense of insecurity to
all foreign tourists who come to a
Figure 1. Tokyo Imperial Place
countries. Japan is a monarchy.
But the
current Emperor, Akihito, has little say in
the country’s political developments. He is a figurehead and a symbol of the country. Based on
observations in thefield indicates the Japanese government was very serious to attract foreign tourists. The
tax-free policy adopted by the Japanese government very supports the Japanese market.
Policy on system transportation especially at tokyo city is very good. Public transport with in Tokyo
is dominated by the world's most extensive urban rail network of clean and efficient surface trains and
subways run by a variety of operators, with buses, trams, monorails, and other modes supporting the
railway lines. furthermore, high parking taxes make people prefer public transportation rather than
personal transportation. all of the poliicy make Tokyo is Comfort of a place to stay
B.
ECONOMICAL FACTORS
Economic factors include all factors that affect the purchasing power of the customer and affect
the business climate of a countriy. The Japanese economy is strong. In fact, it’s in the top 5 for largest
economies in the world. A strong emphasis is placed on its education system and being a contributor to
society is a huge part of Japanese culture. best education and good culture prepares them for the working
world. Men are expected to join a company and stick with it for most, if not all, of their working career.
Women are expected to work until married. economic stabity make stock market is growing at a rapid
pace and it is good for business climate of a countriy business climate of a countriy. it can make product
is cheaper than other country. Based on observations in the field, the price of a similar product is cheaper
in Japan than in Indonesia specially smartphone or Electronic goods.
C.
SOCIAL FACTORS
Social factors include all the factors that can affect the needs of the customer and affect the size
of the existing market share (Example: level of community education, population growth rate, social
environment condition and work environment). Based on observations in the field, The country has 127
million Japanese residents. The couple is expected to have at least one boy who can ‘inherit’ the family’s
worth and/or possessions. It’s a patriarchal system. However, birth rates have been low between
monogamous couples over the last couple of years. Regarding religion, Japan is open. Many are
Christians, but a few venture into different religions, like Shinto.
D.
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
Technological factors include everything that
can help in facing business challenges and support the
efficiency of the company's business processes. Based
on observations in the field, Japan has one of the
most advanced telecommunications systems,
particularly with their mobile devices. Japan have
made it possible to connect to wifi virtually anywhere
in populated areas. So, instead of texting, the
Japanese send emails and pass contact information
wirelessly by holding their phones together. In fact,
many key facilities in Japan, such as hospitals,
airports, and restaurants, use automation systems.
They also have stronger robotic development
compared to other countries.
E.
ENVIRONMENT FACTORS
Environmental factors can be used when
doing strategic planning or trying to influence buyer
decisions such as geographic location factors. a large
population of Japan is concentrated in and around
Tokyo. This isn’t a choice, for the most part, because
much of the island is overrun by mountain and forest.
Because it’s surrounded by water, the land is
susceptible to tsunamis and earthquakes. With
housing and developments packed closely to
accommodate the high population, they’re at risk to
colossal damage should a natural disaster hit. To
prevent earthquake damage, buildings in japan are
designed to withstand earthquakes and the Japanese
are very concerned about the environment.
Figure 2. Magokoroid (Robot Information)
RECOMMENDATION :
In line with the economic growth that occurred in indonesia particulary in Jakarta, as a consequence of its
role as a center of government and center of trade in goods and services, population growth has also increased
mainly contributed by urbanization. The number of commuters increases the density of traffic in Jakarta.
Meanwhile, the variety of transportation modes mixed together in a single lane of traffic in Jakarta, causing traffic
jams in almost every street. The fact points out that the application of alternative solutions which is primarily
transportation management, have some constraints. it may be said that the most important solution is the political
will to encourage the implementation of several alternative solutions. Indonesia must learn Japan transportation
management specially in tokyo.
CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
Cross culture can refer to a company's initiatives to increase understanding of different groups, develop
effective communication or marketing efforts to reach out to customers and clients outside its traditional market.
Methods of cross culture are intended to strengthen the interaction of people from different backgrounds in the
business world and is a vital issue in international business. Understanding consumer behavior for companies that
market their products within the borders of a country is quite difficult.
A.
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies.
Japan is a country that is very obedient
to the rules and orderly. other than that,
Japanese are very concerned with cleanliness.
This custom is certainly very different from the
habits of the people in the other country. Some
of the rules and habits in this country are
encountered in this study visit, among others:
When we walking on stairs or sidewalks, we
have to separate the space so that people can
get ahead, In Japan provided various types of
bin. You have to sort out the garbage you want
to remove. If there is no bin, you should first
pocket your garbage and throw it away when
you see the bin, The Japanese are always
obedient and timely and Instead of smoking,
the country has special rules and a special place
for smokers. If you want to smoke, you should
Figure 3. Toilet For Child
smoke in a place that has been provided and
allowed. If you violate, you also have to pay a
fine.
B.
Acculturation
Habits of Japanese people are generally
a country that is very obedient to the rules and
very concerned with cleanliness. So that the
international market players must also be able
to translate the marketing of its products in
accordance with the Japanese people's habits.
Related to eating habits, the following are some
habits and passions of Japanese people, among
others: Fish Consumption and Love of
Vegetables. almost in the whole Japanese food
menu must include vegetables in it.Based on
observations in the field, one of acculturation is
Japanese start liking Halal meat because Animals
are not tortured when slaughtered.
Figure 4. Restoran Halal Food
World Brands
Japan has many product and culture that become worldwide. famous Product from japan are
yakult, Hokben, car brand such as toyota and daihatsu and many product more. famous culture from
japan are Sumo, ninja, samurai and etc.
RECOMMENDATION:
Japanese are beginning to like halal food. This is an opportunity to Indonesian products. As a Muslim
country, Indonesia is famous halal products. but to get customer in japan, the companies have to provide high
quality product. because standard food or goods in japan is very hight.
C.
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT
SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION PLANT (TOKYO, JAPAN)
A.
Introduction
Municipal solid waste management in developed countries encompasses four stages of activities:
source separation, collection, recycling, treatment and final disposal. It starts in households, where waste is
separately disposed of according to designated categories: glass, paper, plastics, metals and organic waste. In japan
especially tokyo have implemetation the best Municipal solid waste. Tokyo is Japan’s Capital and the centre of
Japanese politics, economy, and culture. Core management institutions, such as head offices of companies,
administrative agencies, and foreign corporations, are all concentrated in the metropolitan area. Japan in total has
47 prefectures. Tokyo is one of its prefecture and have 23 cities. The 23 cities at Tokyo Metropolitan Government
has designed an institutional frameworks that the duties of municipal waste management were transferred to 23
cities. Waste management in the 23 cities is performed collaboratively, dividing roles among the respective
municipal governments, the Clean Authority of TOKYO, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. the List Of
Incineration Plants In 23 Cities Of Tokyo as follows:
Figure 5. List Of Incineration Plants In 23 Cities Of Tokyo
Facilities name
Chuo Incineration Plant
Minato Incineration Plant
Kita Incineration Plant
Shinagawa Incineration Plant
Meguro Incineration Plant
Ota Incineration Plant
Phone
number
Fax number
〒104-0053 5-2-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku
03-3532-5341
03-55472263
〒108-0075 5-7-1, Kounan, Minato-ku
03-5479-5300
03-54795399
〒115-0042 1-2-36, Shimo, Kita-ku
03-3598-5341
03-35985800
〒140-0003 1-4-1, Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
03-3799-5353
03-37995005
〒143-0003 3-6-1, Keihinjima, Ota-ku
03-3799-5311
03-37995033
〒146-0092 2-33-1, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku
03-3757-5383
03-37575725
〒157-0074 1-1-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku
03-3416-5355
03-34165387
〒156-0056 2-7-1, Hachimanyama, Setagayaku
03-3302-2590
03-33022591
〒150-0011 1-35-1, Higashi, Shibuya-ku
03-3498-5311
03-34985316
03-3910-5300
03-39162100
Location
(among Plant remodeling)
Tamagawa Incineration Plant
Setagaya Incineration Plant
Chitose Incineration Plant
Shibuya Incineration Plant
Suginami Incineration Plant
Toshima Incineration Plant
(among Plant remodeling)
〒170-0012 2-5-1, Kamiikebukuro, Toshima-ku
Itabashi Incineration Plant
Nerima Incineration Plant
Hikarigaoka Incineration
Plant
〒175-0082 9-48-1, Takashimadaira, Itabashiku
03-5945-5341
03-53982210
〒177-0032 6-10-11, Yahara, Nerima-ku
03-3995-5311
03-39955317
〒131-0042 1-10-23, Higashisumida, Sumidaku
03-3613-5311
03-52475389
〒136-0081 3-1-1, Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku
03-5569-5341
03-55695346
〒135-0063 2-3-10, Ariake, Koutou-ku
03-3529-3751
03-35293764
〒121-0812 4-7-1, Nishihokima, Adachi-ku
03-3859-4475
03-38585106
〒125-0032 1-20-1, Mizumoto, Katsushika-ku
03-5660-5389
03-56605379
〒132-0013 2-10, Edogawa, Edogawa-ku
03-3676-4446
03-36764547
(among Plant remodeling)
Sumida Incineration Plant
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Ariake Incineration Plant
Adachi Incineration Plant
Katsushika Incineration Plant
Edogawa Incineration Plant
Other facilities
Facilities name
Location
Shinagawa Cleaning Facility for Night
soil (Night soil relations)
〒140-0003 1-4-11,
Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
Keihinjima Island Incombustible
Waste Processing Center
〒143-0003 3-7-1,
Keihinjima, Ota-ku
Chubo Incombustible Waste
Processing Center
〒135-0064 2, Aomi,
Koutou-ku frontage
Large-sized Waste Pulverization
Processing Facility
〒135-0064 2, Aomi,
Koutou-ku frontage
Phone number
Fax number
03-3799-5361
03-3799-5005
03-3599-5310
(processing
facilities-proof
administration
office
03-3599-5360
(processing
facilities-proof
administration
office
Source: http://www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp.e.de.hp.transer.com
It was decided that 23 cities would independently manage its own waste collection and transfer, while
management of intermediate processing (incineration, pulverization, etc.) was determined to be handled jointly.
This was due to fact of some cities that had no incineration plant within them, and also for the purpose of
optimizing the processing efficiency. Each of 23 cities collects waste and transfer and looks after recovery of
resources. Whereas Clean Authority of TOKYO looks after Intermediate waste processing of waste, night soil
processing etc. And final disposal (landfill) is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government as consigned by
23 cities and the Clean Authority of TOKYO. Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is one of the biggest incenerator in tokyo.
2
The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant property area is 61.000 m and incineration capacity is 1.800 ton/day.
B.
The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Waste management offices in each of
the 23 cities collect and transfer waste. Each
city sets collection days and areas depending
on the type of waste, and conducts efficient
operation plans that correspond to seasonal
changes and regional trends in waste amount.
Waste processing in the 23 cities is free of
charge for household waste (excluding the
disposal of waste exceeding 10 Kg per day),
while large-sized waste and businessgenerated waste are charged. To ensure
efficient transfer, transfer methods are
Figure 6. Shin Koto Incenerator Plant
determined based on the type of waste.
Combustible waste is loaded onto collection
vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle) on collection sites, from which it is directly transferred to an
incineration plant.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant was completed in September 1998. It plays an important role of
processing combustible waste and recycling energy since the heat generated during the incineration
process helps to produce electricity for energy recycling. It has a capacity to process 1,800 ton of waste
per day and generates 50000 kW with a steam turbine generator. In addition, the incineration plant is
equipped with the state-of-theart air pollution preventive facilities to removes most of the hydrogen
chloride contained in exhaust dust sulfur oxides and mercury. It burns combustible waste continuously at
high temperature (800-900 deg C) to ensure complete destruction of dioxins, which successfully
maintains the emission of dioxins at much lower level than legally stipulated. Although recycle has been
stressed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government as the key to deal with waste problem, incineration has
still been playing the main role in handling waste in Tokyo, almost 76% of waste was handled by
incineration.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, as the biggest incineration plant in Tokyo, has played a crucial role
in handling waste in the city. First, the incineration plant can minimize the volume of waste, since the
volume of waste can be reduced to 0.05% after incineration, and this can reduce the pressure to expand
landfills in Tokyo Bay. Second, using incineration to handle waste, especially food waste, can reduce the
sting of the waste and this can prevent the outbreak of decease. Apart from handling waste, Shin-Koto
Incineration Plant, as a sustainable incineration plant, provides heat energy for nearby public &
community facilities through steam generated from boiling water from waste combustion, an energy
recovery process known as WtE (waste to energy). The steam is transported through large pipes to
multiple neighbouring buildings including a sports center, a swimming pool, and also the tourist spot
Yumenoshima Tropical Greenhouse Dome. At the greenhouse dome the heat energy is used to maintain
a stable indoors temperature of 22 degrees Celsius in order to sustain tropical plant species on exhibition.
The energy recovery from combustion of waste is said to be a ‘green’ practice si nce it utilizes trash that
has no other beneficial purpose and it generates enough energy to replace fossil fuel generated
electricity for the neighborhood. We are informed that the collected waste, with thorough sorting and
categorizing according to industry standards, contains enough calories that it needs little or no additional
fuel for combustion. However, we were not able to obtain enough information at the visit to confirm
whether the steam directly supplies heat to maintain the temperature at the greenhouse dome, or goes
through a process with turbines to generate electricity to run the facility. Further research is required at
this point for clarification.
C.
Analysis Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Combustible waste is incinerated
at Shin-Koto Incineration Plant in a safe,
stable, and efficient manner. Incineration
prevents bacteria, vermin, and foul odor,
and maintains a sanitary environment in
Tokyo. By incinerating waste, its will
waste volume reduce. By recycling a part
of bottom ash into cement materials, and
by melting it into slag, the amount going
to the landfill is further reduced.
Emission of hazardous substances within
exhaust and wastewater from the
incineration plants is controlled and
reduced to lower impact on the
environment. In an Shin-Koto Incineration
Plant, power generation and heat supply
Figure 7. Outline Of Shin Koto Incenerator Plant
are performed using the heat energy of
waste incineration. But once improper
waste is brought into an incinerator Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain
waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal
capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great
deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste
collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management. To prevent
carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste
is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the
above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular
inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at Shin-Koto Incineration Plant..
C.1.
Facilities in an Incineration Plant
Initially when the truck
enters the facility, waste truck scale
measure the weight of waste. Waste
collection trucks dump waste into the
bunker. Waste is temporarily stored
here until incineration. Some plants
even have large vacuums to collect
waste through pipes to this chamber.
Waste crane is provided in the top of
waste bunker, which continuously
mixes the waste and sends to the
incineration. Forced draught fan is
used to send air from the waste
bunker to the incineration. The air
Figure 8. Gerbage truck
such sent has a foul smell. Stoker Furnace is used as Incinerator which is heart of this plant. Incinerator
generally burns waste at a high temperature of over 800 degree Celsius. A boiler is attached to the facility
which produces steam from heat generated when waste is burned, to be used for heat supply and electric
power generation. When something is burned, major two products exhaust gases and ashes are collected.
This two things cannot be directly disposed to the atmosphere. Exhaust flue gases from the incineration
chamber passes through the cooling tower which cools high-temperature exhaust emitted from the
incinerator to around 150 degrees Celsius, for preventing the re-composition of dioxins. Exhaust gases so
cooled must be filtered before entering the atmosphere. Bag filter removes soot and dusts, dioxins,
mercury, hydrogen chlorides and sulphur oxides from exhaust. Exhaust is cleaned with water and
chemicals, for removing mercury, hydrogen chlorides and sulphur oxides. Next comes the Catalyst
Reaction Tower where dioxins and nitrogen oxides decomposes in exhaust using catalysts. Through the
induced draft fan, exhaust is sent to the stack. Height of stack depends on the local topography and
meteorological conditions. Exhaust that is free of hazardous substances or odour is released into the air.
Solids and heavy metals in waste water produced from the incineration plant are removed to the limit or
below, before wastewater is released to sewer which reaches water reclamation centre where water is
reclaimed before mixing it with environment. Heart of this plant is Central Control Room which control
and monitors facilities including waste bunker and incinerator. Each facility continuously sends
information to a large-scale computer system, and operations across the entire incineration plant can be
watched on the monitors. Ash generated from incineration at an incineration Plant is separated into
Bottom ash and Fly ash. Bottom ash is cinder discharge from the bottom of incinerator. Fly ash is soot and
dust within exhaust that is collected by bag filters, etc. Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted into
slag, as well as fly ash after processed with chemicals, are sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface
Disposal Site, which has been established and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has
been undertaken to recycle the amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources.
In the initiative for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is generated in
incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains, and efficiently used
as cement materials. Cement materials include limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom
ash is used as substitute for clay. Typically, it is recycled as Portland cement. Portland cement is most
common and widely used type of cement that accounts for approx. 70% of cement consumption in
Japan. Similarly, when bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1200 degrees Celsius and then
rapidly cooled, it turns into slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash. The process of making slag
decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps heavy metals inside, thereby making it safe and efficient for
use in construction materials.
C.2.
Environmental Measures and Counter
Figure 9. Inceneration
Exhaust
emission,
wastewater emission, odour,
noise and vibration and ash
(bottom and fly) are major
sources which affects the
environment. But incineration
plants in Tokyo have managed to
counter this measures. Exhaust
emission mainly consist Soot and
dust, Dioxins, Mercury, Hydrogen
Chloride, sulphur oxides and
Nitrogen oxides which may harm
environment. Soot and dust are
C.3.
generally removed by bag filters. Dioxins generation is restricted through control of waste
incineration process, and their re-composition is prevented by rapid cooling of exhaust in the
cooling tower. Dioxins are also removed by bag filters, and decomposed in the catalyst reaction
tower using catalysts. Mercury is removed by adsorption into activated carbon in bag filters, and
by liquid chelate in the gas scrubber. Hydrogen chlorides and Sulphur oxides are removed by
injecting slaked lime into bag filters, and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda solution
in the gas scrubber. Nitrogen oxides are decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower through a
reaction with ammonia. Similarly, wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment facilities to
meet the standard value, and released into the sewer. To counter noise and vibration, care is
taken for the layout of machinery and soundproof walls and vibration–control equipment are
installed. Odour of the plant is mainly from waste bunkers, platforms and waste collection
vehicles. Air from inside the waste bunker is sent to the incinerator, where odour is incinerated
and decomposed. While the incinerator is off the line, deodorizing devices are used and
deodorizing agents are spread. Entrances and exits of platforms are sealed with air curtains and
deodorizing agents are spread. Collection Vehicles are washed at washing facility to remove their
odour. We have already discussed about bottom ash and fly ash.
Heat Energy Management
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
use the heat energy generated from
waste Incineration beneficially in
power generation and in supplying
energy. Electricity and hot water
produced at Shin-Koto Incineration
Plant are used within facilities to
operate the plant, thereby reducing
electricity purchases and fuel costs.
Surplus electricity is sold to power
companies. Shin-Koto Incineration
Plant sell electricity, and hot water.
Hot water is pressurized and remains
in its liquid state will be tranferred
Figure 10. Generator
to Hot water pool at arround the
factory In FY 2015, total generated
power was 1172.6 million KWh. In total, 660.86 million KWh electricity was sold from
incineration plants and 11.765,76 million yen was income generated from electricity.
501,000 GJ of heat was sold and 192.02 million yen was revenue generated.
D.
Recomendation
To solve the waste problems, it is important to reduce the waste generation, reuse waste and to promote
recycling waste as resources which is promoted as famous 3R by Clean Authority of Tokyo. But no matter how much
do these, waste is sure to be discharged and appropriate disposal of waste is necessary. Waste is burnt in the
incineration plant and becomes ash of volume of about one twentieth. This process contributes to prolong the
limits of disposal sites. Incineration plants are making every effort to prevent pollution. They also utilize the heat
energy produced by the incinerators for generating electric power, supplying steam and hot water to the water front
are and neighbouring public facilities. It is time, to Indonesia thinking how to build incenerator to reduce waste that
gets in the final trash.