PRESENTASI PLTU PLN di jepang
PT PLN (PERSERO)
Current Status and Future Development of Coal
Thermal Power Plant in Indonesia.
Presented in Clean Coal Day 2013 International Symposium
Tokyo, September 4th, 2013
I Made Ro Sakya
Head of System Planning Division
[email protected]
1
Indonesia
Area : Land 1,9 M km2, territorial : 5,2 M km2
Population : 247 million; Growth : 1 %
GDP : 900 Billion USD; growth : 6.2 %
2
PLN is Major Integrated Electric Utility Company in Indonesia
Sole owner of transmission and distribution assets with control over majority of
generation assets in Indonesia
Generation
Owner of 38 GW Power
Plant
Controls over 85% of
national generation capacity
Main purchaser of electricity
from Independent Power
Producers (IPPs)
Transmission
Sole responsibility for
power transmission in
Indonesia
Transmission lines with
38 thousands kmc and
72 GVA of power
transformer capacity
Distribution
Sole distributor of
electricity to end
customers in Indonesia
Distribution lines of
740 thousands kmc and
39 GVA of transformer
capacity, serving around
50 Millions customers, 10
million PrePaid Meters.
3
Electrification Ratio [2012]
More than 60 million Indonesian people had no
access to electricity
RIAU:78.4%
KALBAR: 89.7%
Electrification Ratio
2012
PLN
73.1%
(PLN+ Non PLN)
75.9%
KALTIM:75.9%
SULUT: 76.4%
NAD: 88.8%
MALUT: 85.4%
GORONTALO: 60.7%
SULBAR: 89.3%
SUMUT: 87.2%
SUMBAR: 76.9%
PAPUA: 33.1%
SULTENG: 66.0%
JAMBI: 70.0%
BENGKULU: 71.2%
BABEL: 92.8%
SUMSEL: 66.7%
KALSEL:75.9%
DKI: 96.4%
LAMPUNG: 70.0%
KALTENG: 56.6%
SULTRA: 68.8%
MALUKU: 77.3%
SULSEL: 81.2%
BANTEN: 80.5%
JABAR: 75.9%
PAPUA BARAT: 66.5%
JATENG: 77.8%
DIY: 77.8%
JATIM: 75.2%
BALI:74.5%
NTB: 53.3%
NTT: 53.2%
4
PLN has an extensive generation portfolio with total installed
capacity of approximately 36,612 MW across Indonesia
Sumatera
Kalimantan
Hydro
864 MW
Hydro
Geothermal
110 MW
Steam-turbine
Steam-turbine
Combined Cycle
1,272 MW
858 MW
Sulawesi
Geothermal
130 MW
Combined Cycle
Steam-turbine
60 MW
Gas-turbine
Maluku
Hydro
32 MW
Gas-turbine
200 MW
219 MW
Diesel
60 MW
Others
137 MW
Total
279 MW
123 MW
Peak Load
136 MW
Diesel
1,308 MW
Diesel
1,015 MW
1,232 MW
Others
0 MW
Others
3 MW
Diesel
1,973 MW
IPP
Others
0 MW
Gas-turbine
IPP
1,106 MW
Total
7,415 MW
Peak Load
4,405 MW
Pop. (mn)
Elec. Ratio (%)
IPP
56 MW
1,786 MW
Total
2,054 MW
Peak Load
1,241 MW
Peak Load
1,357 MW
Elec. Ratio (%)
14
73.7
0 MW
Pop. (mn)
2.8
Elec. Ratio (%)
73
497 MW
Total
Pop. (mn)
279 MW
Pop. (mn)
18
Elec. Ratio (%)
71
Total Indonesia
Hydro
3,514 MW
Geothermal
548 MW
Steam-turbine 14,529 MW
Combined
8,814 MW
Cycle
Gas-turbine
3,590 MW
Diesel
5,613 MW
Others
4 MW
IPP
7,331 MW
Total*
43,943 MW
Peak Load
29.061 MW
53
Maluku
77.3
Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Papua
Sumatera
Java-Bali
Hydro
Geo
Steam-turbine
2,392 MW
375 MW
12,990 MW
Combined Cycle
7,896 MW
Gas turbine
2,035 MW
Diesel
IPP
Total
Peak Load
Java-Bali
NTT
NTB
Diesel
NTT
256 MW
5,672 MW
Papua
NTB
Diesel
237 MW
242 MW
Hydro
5 MW
Total
247 MW
200 MW
31,616 MW
Diesel
303 MW
Geothermal
3 MW
Peak Load
21,370 MW
Hydro
1 MW
Hydro
1 MW
Pop. (mn)
3.8
1 MW
Total
241 MW
Elec. Ratio (%)
41
131 MW
Pop. (mn)
145
Others
Elec. Ratio (%)
78.4
Total
305 MW
Peak Load
Peak Load
220 MW
Pop. (mn)
4,8
Elec. Ratio (%)
53
As of December 31, 2012.
* Total power generation capacity in Indonesia, of which PLN produces 36GW
Pop. (mn)
4.7
Elec. Ratio (%)
53
5
Indonesia Coal Resources and Reserves
Coal classification (air-dry basis):
– Very high rank coal
– High rank (bituminous) coal
– Medium rank (sub-bituminous) coal
– Low rank (lignite) coal
: 7,
kCal/kg
: 6,100 – 7,100 kCal/kg
: 5,100 – 6,100 kCal/kg
: 5,
kCal/kg
Source: Geological Agency, MEMR, 2010
6
Projection of Electricity Demand 2012-2021
26
TWh
62
TWh
2012 2021
IB : 10,5%
Cust: 10.4 millions
14
TWh
37
TWh
IT : 11,4%
Cust: 6.7 millions
132
TWh
259
TWh
JB : 7,9%
Cust: 32.4 millions
Average of national electricity demand growth 2012-2021 is 8,65% annually.
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
7
New Power Plant Capacity Addition by Owner
[Incl. IPP]
• Total capacity addition to 2021: approx 55 GW or 5.5 GW per year
• Allocation for IPP and PLN are not firmly defined except those projects already committed.
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
8
Total Installed Capacity by Technology
[Incl. IPP]
REAL
PROJECTION
• Power plants capacity
increase from 32.1 GW
in 2008 to 40.3 GW in
2012 or additional 1,700
MW per year.
• The biggest capacity is
for CFPP (48%), then
CCPP (23%), HEPP
(10%), GTPP
(9%), dieselPP (7%)
and geoPP (3%).
• From about 18.000 MW
existing CFPP:
− 64% using
subbituminous and
36% lignite. The
lignite share will
increase when FTP1
projects completed.
− 99% pulverized
boiler and 1% CFB.
10
Fuel Mix for Electricity Production [GWh]
Total Indonesia [Incl. IPP]
450.000
400.000
LNG
LNG
GAS
350.000
Gas
300.000
GWh
250.000
HSD
200.000
Oil
COAL
150.000
HSD
MFO
Coal
100.000
50.000
Geothermal
GEOTHERMAL
Hydro
HYDRO
2012
Impor
2013
Biomass
2014
Surya/Hybrid
2015
HSD
2016
MFO
LNG
2017
Gas
2018
Batubara
2019
Geothermal
2020
2021
Hydro
Energy production in 2012: coal (50%), gas (23%), oil (15%), hydro (6%) and geothermal (5%)
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
11
UNIT CAPACITY DISTRIBUTION OF COAL POWER PLANT
50
45
40
35
UNIT
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
50 - 199
200 - 499
500 -899
> 1000
CAPACITY ( MW )
13
Roadmap of Clean Coal Technology [CCT] in Indonesia
SC, = 30-40%
USC, 43%
Jawa-4 (USC 2x1000 MW)
Jawa-5 (USC 2x1000 MW)
Jawa-6 (USC 2x1000 MW)
2012
2015
2020
Indramayu #2
(USC 1000 MW)
IGCC
45-48%
2025
2000–3000 MW
per year
Indramayu #1
(USC 1000 MW)
IGCC 1000 MW Class
Central Java (USC 2x1000 MW)
Jawa-1 (USC 1x1000 MW)
Source: JICA CCT Study, October 2012, with updated projects and schedule by PLN
14
Super Critical Generation Coal Fired Power Plants (CFPP)
in Java-Bali System
CFPP Jawa-6
#1: 1.000 MW (2021)
#2: 1.000 MW (2021)
CFPP Jawa-5
#1: 1.000 MW (2018)
#2: 1.000 MW (2019)
CFPP Indramayu
#4: 1.000 MW (2018)
#5: 1.000 MW (2020)
CFPP Jawa-1
#2: 1.000 MW (2017)
CFPP Jawa-3
#1: 660 MW (2017)
#2: 660 MW (2018)
SURALAYA
NEW SURALAYA
SURALAYA
CILEGON
HVDC
HVDC
BANTEN
M.KARANG PRIOK
M.TAWAR
DURIKOSAMBI
KEMBANGAN
CIBATU-2
BEKASI
NEW BLRJA CAWANG
TAMBUN
LENGKONG
GANDUL CAWANG-2
CIBATU
CIBINONG
BOGOR-X
DEPOK
CISOKAN
T.JATI B
CIRATA
JAWA-1
UJUNGBERUNG
SAGULING
MANDIRANCAN
BANDUNG SELATAN
CIGERELENG
CFPP Banten
#1: 625 MW (2016)
CFPP Jawa-4
#5: 1.000 MW (2019)
#6: 1.000 MW (2020)
INDRAMAYU
JAWA-3
PEMALANG
JATENG
GRESIK
T.JATI A
MATENGGENG
TASIKMALAYA
KESUGIHAN
/RAWALO
CILACAP
ADIPALA
NGIMBANG
UNGARAN
TANDES
KRIAN
SURABAYA
SELATAN
GRATI
PEDAN
BANTUL
BANGIL
KEDIRI
PAITON
CFPP Cirebon (SC)
#1: 660 MW (2012)
AMPLA
KAPAL
CFPP Adipala (SC)
#1: 660 MW (2014)
CFPP Jawa Tengah
#1: 1.000 MW (2017)
#2: 1.000 MW (2018)
CFPP Paiton (SC)
#3: 815 MW (2012)
15
CO2 Reduction Effect By Introduction of CCT
Source: JICA CCT Study, October 2012
16
Economical Evaluation of CCT
Sub Critical
SC
Total Gross Power
1,000 MW
Plant Efficiency
Construction Cost
36%
100%
(Base)
100%
(Base)
2.5%
1,000
MW
39%
106.5%
Coal Consumption
O&M Cost
USC
IGCC
1,000 MW 1,000 MW
42%
108.5%
49%
130%
90%
84%
75%
3%
3%
3%
Coal Price 4,200
kCal/kg ($/ton)
Y2011
Y2020
53.8
107.6
Source: JICA CCT Study, October 2012, with updated projects and schedule by PLN
17
Future Development of Coal Fired PP
1. Fuel Supply
•
The type of coal that would be used more in electricity generation Indonesia
is low rank coal, due to plentiful availability in Kalimantan and Sumatera and
more economical, thus securing more stable supply, whilst most high rank
coal would be exported to global market.
2. Boiler Type :
•
CFB: for small to medium scale CFPP outside Java-Bali system.
•
USC: should be introduced for next new CFPP project in Java-Bali system
(2017).
3. Further Development
•
Coal gasification – Syngas:
•
IGCC: will be introduced around 2025, considering the development
situation in the world.
•
CCS: in the early stage of development, and will reduce a significant
amount of CO2 emission. Will be introduced in Indonesia maybe after 2025.
18
19
Current Status and Future Development of Coal
Thermal Power Plant in Indonesia.
Presented in Clean Coal Day 2013 International Symposium
Tokyo, September 4th, 2013
I Made Ro Sakya
Head of System Planning Division
[email protected]
1
Indonesia
Area : Land 1,9 M km2, territorial : 5,2 M km2
Population : 247 million; Growth : 1 %
GDP : 900 Billion USD; growth : 6.2 %
2
PLN is Major Integrated Electric Utility Company in Indonesia
Sole owner of transmission and distribution assets with control over majority of
generation assets in Indonesia
Generation
Owner of 38 GW Power
Plant
Controls over 85% of
national generation capacity
Main purchaser of electricity
from Independent Power
Producers (IPPs)
Transmission
Sole responsibility for
power transmission in
Indonesia
Transmission lines with
38 thousands kmc and
72 GVA of power
transformer capacity
Distribution
Sole distributor of
electricity to end
customers in Indonesia
Distribution lines of
740 thousands kmc and
39 GVA of transformer
capacity, serving around
50 Millions customers, 10
million PrePaid Meters.
3
Electrification Ratio [2012]
More than 60 million Indonesian people had no
access to electricity
RIAU:78.4%
KALBAR: 89.7%
Electrification Ratio
2012
PLN
73.1%
(PLN+ Non PLN)
75.9%
KALTIM:75.9%
SULUT: 76.4%
NAD: 88.8%
MALUT: 85.4%
GORONTALO: 60.7%
SULBAR: 89.3%
SUMUT: 87.2%
SUMBAR: 76.9%
PAPUA: 33.1%
SULTENG: 66.0%
JAMBI: 70.0%
BENGKULU: 71.2%
BABEL: 92.8%
SUMSEL: 66.7%
KALSEL:75.9%
DKI: 96.4%
LAMPUNG: 70.0%
KALTENG: 56.6%
SULTRA: 68.8%
MALUKU: 77.3%
SULSEL: 81.2%
BANTEN: 80.5%
JABAR: 75.9%
PAPUA BARAT: 66.5%
JATENG: 77.8%
DIY: 77.8%
JATIM: 75.2%
BALI:74.5%
NTB: 53.3%
NTT: 53.2%
4
PLN has an extensive generation portfolio with total installed
capacity of approximately 36,612 MW across Indonesia
Sumatera
Kalimantan
Hydro
864 MW
Hydro
Geothermal
110 MW
Steam-turbine
Steam-turbine
Combined Cycle
1,272 MW
858 MW
Sulawesi
Geothermal
130 MW
Combined Cycle
Steam-turbine
60 MW
Gas-turbine
Maluku
Hydro
32 MW
Gas-turbine
200 MW
219 MW
Diesel
60 MW
Others
137 MW
Total
279 MW
123 MW
Peak Load
136 MW
Diesel
1,308 MW
Diesel
1,015 MW
1,232 MW
Others
0 MW
Others
3 MW
Diesel
1,973 MW
IPP
Others
0 MW
Gas-turbine
IPP
1,106 MW
Total
7,415 MW
Peak Load
4,405 MW
Pop. (mn)
Elec. Ratio (%)
IPP
56 MW
1,786 MW
Total
2,054 MW
Peak Load
1,241 MW
Peak Load
1,357 MW
Elec. Ratio (%)
14
73.7
0 MW
Pop. (mn)
2.8
Elec. Ratio (%)
73
497 MW
Total
Pop. (mn)
279 MW
Pop. (mn)
18
Elec. Ratio (%)
71
Total Indonesia
Hydro
3,514 MW
Geothermal
548 MW
Steam-turbine 14,529 MW
Combined
8,814 MW
Cycle
Gas-turbine
3,590 MW
Diesel
5,613 MW
Others
4 MW
IPP
7,331 MW
Total*
43,943 MW
Peak Load
29.061 MW
53
Maluku
77.3
Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Papua
Sumatera
Java-Bali
Hydro
Geo
Steam-turbine
2,392 MW
375 MW
12,990 MW
Combined Cycle
7,896 MW
Gas turbine
2,035 MW
Diesel
IPP
Total
Peak Load
Java-Bali
NTT
NTB
Diesel
NTT
256 MW
5,672 MW
Papua
NTB
Diesel
237 MW
242 MW
Hydro
5 MW
Total
247 MW
200 MW
31,616 MW
Diesel
303 MW
Geothermal
3 MW
Peak Load
21,370 MW
Hydro
1 MW
Hydro
1 MW
Pop. (mn)
3.8
1 MW
Total
241 MW
Elec. Ratio (%)
41
131 MW
Pop. (mn)
145
Others
Elec. Ratio (%)
78.4
Total
305 MW
Peak Load
Peak Load
220 MW
Pop. (mn)
4,8
Elec. Ratio (%)
53
As of December 31, 2012.
* Total power generation capacity in Indonesia, of which PLN produces 36GW
Pop. (mn)
4.7
Elec. Ratio (%)
53
5
Indonesia Coal Resources and Reserves
Coal classification (air-dry basis):
– Very high rank coal
– High rank (bituminous) coal
– Medium rank (sub-bituminous) coal
– Low rank (lignite) coal
: 7,
kCal/kg
: 6,100 – 7,100 kCal/kg
: 5,100 – 6,100 kCal/kg
: 5,
kCal/kg
Source: Geological Agency, MEMR, 2010
6
Projection of Electricity Demand 2012-2021
26
TWh
62
TWh
2012 2021
IB : 10,5%
Cust: 10.4 millions
14
TWh
37
TWh
IT : 11,4%
Cust: 6.7 millions
132
TWh
259
TWh
JB : 7,9%
Cust: 32.4 millions
Average of national electricity demand growth 2012-2021 is 8,65% annually.
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
7
New Power Plant Capacity Addition by Owner
[Incl. IPP]
• Total capacity addition to 2021: approx 55 GW or 5.5 GW per year
• Allocation for IPP and PLN are not firmly defined except those projects already committed.
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
8
Total Installed Capacity by Technology
[Incl. IPP]
REAL
PROJECTION
• Power plants capacity
increase from 32.1 GW
in 2008 to 40.3 GW in
2012 or additional 1,700
MW per year.
• The biggest capacity is
for CFPP (48%), then
CCPP (23%), HEPP
(10%), GTPP
(9%), dieselPP (7%)
and geoPP (3%).
• From about 18.000 MW
existing CFPP:
− 64% using
subbituminous and
36% lignite. The
lignite share will
increase when FTP1
projects completed.
− 99% pulverized
boiler and 1% CFB.
10
Fuel Mix for Electricity Production [GWh]
Total Indonesia [Incl. IPP]
450.000
400.000
LNG
LNG
GAS
350.000
Gas
300.000
GWh
250.000
HSD
200.000
Oil
COAL
150.000
HSD
MFO
Coal
100.000
50.000
Geothermal
GEOTHERMAL
Hydro
HYDRO
2012
Impor
2013
Biomass
2014
Surya/Hybrid
2015
HSD
2016
MFO
LNG
2017
Gas
2018
Batubara
2019
Geothermal
2020
2021
Hydro
Energy production in 2012: coal (50%), gas (23%), oil (15%), hydro (6%) and geothermal (5%)
Source: RUPTL PLN 2012-2021
11
UNIT CAPACITY DISTRIBUTION OF COAL POWER PLANT
50
45
40
35
UNIT
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
50 - 199
200 - 499
500 -899
> 1000
CAPACITY ( MW )
13
Roadmap of Clean Coal Technology [CCT] in Indonesia
SC, = 30-40%
USC, 43%
Jawa-4 (USC 2x1000 MW)
Jawa-5 (USC 2x1000 MW)
Jawa-6 (USC 2x1000 MW)
2012
2015
2020
Indramayu #2
(USC 1000 MW)
IGCC
45-48%
2025
2000–3000 MW
per year
Indramayu #1
(USC 1000 MW)
IGCC 1000 MW Class
Central Java (USC 2x1000 MW)
Jawa-1 (USC 1x1000 MW)
Source: JICA CCT Study, October 2012, with updated projects and schedule by PLN
14
Super Critical Generation Coal Fired Power Plants (CFPP)
in Java-Bali System
CFPP Jawa-6
#1: 1.000 MW (2021)
#2: 1.000 MW (2021)
CFPP Jawa-5
#1: 1.000 MW (2018)
#2: 1.000 MW (2019)
CFPP Indramayu
#4: 1.000 MW (2018)
#5: 1.000 MW (2020)
CFPP Jawa-1
#2: 1.000 MW (2017)
CFPP Jawa-3
#1: 660 MW (2017)
#2: 660 MW (2018)
SURALAYA
NEW SURALAYA
SURALAYA
CILEGON
HVDC
HVDC
BANTEN
M.KARANG PRIOK
M.TAWAR
DURIKOSAMBI
KEMBANGAN
CIBATU-2
BEKASI
NEW BLRJA CAWANG
TAMBUN
LENGKONG
GANDUL CAWANG-2
CIBATU
CIBINONG
BOGOR-X
DEPOK
CISOKAN
T.JATI B
CIRATA
JAWA-1
UJUNGBERUNG
SAGULING
MANDIRANCAN
BANDUNG SELATAN
CIGERELENG
CFPP Banten
#1: 625 MW (2016)
CFPP Jawa-4
#5: 1.000 MW (2019)
#6: 1.000 MW (2020)
INDRAMAYU
JAWA-3
PEMALANG
JATENG
GRESIK
T.JATI A
MATENGGENG
TASIKMALAYA
KESUGIHAN
/RAWALO
CILACAP
ADIPALA
NGIMBANG
UNGARAN
TANDES
KRIAN
SURABAYA
SELATAN
GRATI
PEDAN
BANTUL
BANGIL
KEDIRI
PAITON
CFPP Cirebon (SC)
#1: 660 MW (2012)
AMPLA
KAPAL
CFPP Adipala (SC)
#1: 660 MW (2014)
CFPP Jawa Tengah
#1: 1.000 MW (2017)
#2: 1.000 MW (2018)
CFPP Paiton (SC)
#3: 815 MW (2012)
15
CO2 Reduction Effect By Introduction of CCT
Source: JICA CCT Study, October 2012
16
Economical Evaluation of CCT
Sub Critical
SC
Total Gross Power
1,000 MW
Plant Efficiency
Construction Cost
36%
100%
(Base)
100%
(Base)
2.5%
1,000
MW
39%
106.5%
Coal Consumption
O&M Cost
USC
IGCC
1,000 MW 1,000 MW
42%
108.5%
49%
130%
90%
84%
75%
3%
3%
3%
Coal Price 4,200
kCal/kg ($/ton)
Y2011
Y2020
53.8
107.6
Source: JICA CCT Study, October 2012, with updated projects and schedule by PLN
17
Future Development of Coal Fired PP
1. Fuel Supply
•
The type of coal that would be used more in electricity generation Indonesia
is low rank coal, due to plentiful availability in Kalimantan and Sumatera and
more economical, thus securing more stable supply, whilst most high rank
coal would be exported to global market.
2. Boiler Type :
•
CFB: for small to medium scale CFPP outside Java-Bali system.
•
USC: should be introduced for next new CFPP project in Java-Bali system
(2017).
3. Further Development
•
Coal gasification – Syngas:
•
IGCC: will be introduced around 2025, considering the development
situation in the world.
•
CCS: in the early stage of development, and will reduce a significant
amount of CO2 emission. Will be introduced in Indonesia maybe after 2025.
18
19