LEARNING STRATEGIES OF NON AUDITORY STYLE STUDENTS ON LISTENING (A Case Study at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten in Academic Year of 2013/2014).

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LEARNING STRATEGIES OF NON AUDITORY STYLE STUDENTS ON
LISTENING
(A Case Study at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten in Academic Year of
2013/2014)

Thesis

Written as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduate Degree of
English Education

By:
Deni Ariyansyah
S891302014

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE PROGRAM
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2014
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ABSTRACT

Deni Ariyansyah. S891302014. 2014. Learning Strategies of Non Auditory
Style Students on Listening (A Case Study at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten
in Academic Year of 2013/2014). First Consultant: Dra. Diah Kristina, M. A.,
Ph. D. Second Consultant: Dr. Hersulastuti, M. Hum. Surakarta: English
Department. Graduate Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta.
This research has three objectives including to: 1) describe the difficulties
faced by non auditory style students on listening, 2) explore the learning strategies
used by non auditory style students on listening, 3) explore the reasons of the non

auditory style students in using those learning strategies on listening.
This research was held in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten. It was conducted
from March to June 2014. The research includes in case study. Sampling used in
this research is purposive sampling. The participants are non auditory style
students and English teacher. There are three sources of data; participants, event,
and documents. The data are collected through four techniques including
questionnaire, interview, observation, and document analysis. The data are
analyzed using Interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman.
The result of the research stated that there are (1) three main sources of
difficulties faced by non auditory style students on listening involving from
listening material, students themselves, and environment and setting. Relating to
the materials, the students do not understand the meaning of many words. The non
auditory students also feel difficult in differentiating English pronunciation. Noise
also disturbs the non auditory students while they are in listening session. The
other sources causing difficulties are from media and learning activities. The
research also investigates the learning strategies used by non auditory students on
listening. (2) Most of visual style students tend to use metacognitive and social
strategies. The metacognitive strategies are planning their learning and paying
attention. Meanwhile, the social strategies are asking for clarification and
repetition, cooperating with others, and asking to their teacher. Kinesthetic style

students prefer to use social and cognitive strategies. The social strategies are
asking for clarification and repetition, cooperating with others, and asking to their
teacher. The cognitive strategy is taking notes. In this research, the researcher also
found that the visual style students memorize new English words by picture,
meanwhile the kinesthetic style students use physical response. The last issue in
this research is reasons of using the learning strategies. The result is that (3) the
non auditory style students use the certain learning strategies because of four
things. They are learning environment, motivation, listening proficiency, and
characteristics.
Key Words

: learning strategies, learning style, non auditory style
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APPROVAL

Title : LEARNING STRATEGIES OF NON AUDITORY STYLE
STUDENTS ON LISTENING (A Case Study at SMP Muhammadiyah
1 Klaten in Academic Year of 2013/2014)
Name : Deni Ariyansyah
No

: S891302014

This thesis has been approved by the first consultant and the second consultant

Surakarta,
First Consultant

2014

Second Consultant

Dra. Diah Kristina, M. A., Ph. D

NIP 19590505 198601 2 001

Dr. Hersulastuti, M. Hum
NIP 19650421 198703 2 002

Approved by
The Head of English Education Department of Graduate School

Dr. Abdul Asib, M. Pd.
NIP 19520307 198003 1 005

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Legitimation from the Board of Examiners

Title:
LEARNING STRATEGIES OF NON AUDITORY STYLE STUDENTS ON
LISTENING (A Case Study at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten in Academic Year
of 2013/2014)
By
Deni Ariyansyah

This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of Graduate
School of English Education of Sebelas Maret University on 29th of October 2014

The Board of Examiners

Signature

Chairman

Dr. Abdul Asib, M. Pd

____________

Secretary

Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M. Ed. Ph. D ____________

Examiner I

Dra. Diah Kristina, M. A., Ph. D

____________

Examiner II

Dr. Hersulastuti, M. Hum

____________

Legalized by

Dean of Teacher Training and

The Head of English Department of

Education Faculty

Graduate Program

Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatulloh, M. Pd

Dr. Abdul Asib, M. Pd

NIP 19600727 198702 1 001

NIP 19520307 198003 1 005

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PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled “Learning Strategies of
Non Auditory Style Students on Listening (A Case Study at SMP Muhammadiyah
1 Klaten in Academic Year of 2013/2014)” is not plagiarism or made by others.
Anything related to other’s work is written in quotation, the source of which is
listed in bibliography.
If then this pronouncement is incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic
punishment, including the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic degree.

Surakarta,

Deni Ariyansyah

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MOTTO

 Alloh will raise to high ranks those that have faith and knowledge
among you. He is in cognizant of all your action (QS Al Mujadalah: 11).

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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:
1. My beloved father and mother

2. My beloved brother
3. My big family of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The true praise belongs to Alloh SWT for His bless and mercy, so that the
researcher is able to finish this thesis. This thesis is impossible to finish without
other people’s favors. Therefore, the researcher would like to gratitude and send
high appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatulloh, M. Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty, for his approval on this thesis.
2. Dr. Abdul Asib, M. Pd., the Head of English Education Department of
Graduate Program.
3. Dra. Diah Kristina, M. A., Ph. D, the first consultant, who has guided the
researcher in finishing this thesis.
4. Dr. Hersulastuti, M. Hum, the second consultant, who has guided the
researcher in finishing this thesis.
5. Priyono, S. Pd, the headmaster of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten, who has
permitted the researcher to hold the research.
6. Ratih Septiana, S. Pd, the English teacher of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten,
who has helped the researcher during research.
7. Non auditory style students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten as participant of
the research.
The researcher hopes critics and suggestion from the readers. Finally, the
researcher hopes that this thesis can be useful for the readers.

Surakarta,

Deni Ariyansyah

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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………

i

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….

ii

APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………….. iii
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………… iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ………………………………………………………... v
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………. vi
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………….. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………… viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………… xi
LIST OF FEATURES ……………………………………………………….. xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION ………………………………………………… xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………. xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ………………………………………………. 1
B. Problem Statement …………………………………………………….. 4
C. Objective of the Study …………………………………………………. 4
D. Significance of the Study ………………………………………………. 5
E. Clarification of the Key Terms ………………………………………… 5
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Nature of Learning Strategies …………………………………………. 7
1. Definitions of Learning Strategies ………………………………….. 7
2. Features of Learning Strategies …………………………………….. 8
3. Category of Learning Strategies ……………………………………. 10
4. Relationship between Learning Strategies and Learner Styles …….. 24
5. Learning Strategies on Listening …………………………………… 25
B. Nature of Learner Style ……………………………………………….. 28
1. Definition of Learner Style ………………………………………… 28
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2. Kinds of Learner Style commit
………………………………………………
29

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3. Way to Identify Learner Styles ……………………………………... 33
C. Nature of Listening …………………………………………………….. 34
1. Definition of Listening ……………………………………………… 34
2. Aspect of Listening …………………………………………………. 36
3. Difficulties on Listening ……………………………………………. 37
4. Listening Activities ………………………………………………….. 39
5. Listening Assessment ……………………………………………….. 42
D. Review of Related Study ………………………………………………. 46
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design… ……………………………………………………... 48
B. Setting ………………………………………………………………….. 48
1. Place ………………………………………………………………… 48
2. Schedule …………………………………………………………….. 49
C. Sampling ………………………………………………………………... 50
D. Source of Data ………………………………………………………….. 50
E. Technique of Collecting Data ………………………………………….. 51
F. Trustworthiness ………………………………………………………… 54
G. Technique of Analyzing the Data ………………………………………. 55
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Findings ……………………………………………………… 59
B. Discussion ……………………………………………………………… 76
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………… 84
B. Implication ……………………………………………………………... 88
C. Suggestion ……………………………………………………………… 89
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….. 92
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………… 97

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Learning Strategies in Listening by Oxford ……………………….. 24
Table 2.2. Learning Strategy in Listening by O’Malley and Chamot ………… 26
Table 2.3. Characteristics of Auditory and Non Auditory Learning Style …… 32
Table 3.1. Schedule of Research …………………………………………….... 49
Table 3.2. Research Mapping ………………………………………………….. 54
Table 4.1. Difficulties of Non Auditory Style Students on Listening …………. 60
Table 4.2. Summary of Difficulties Faced by Non Auditory Style Students
on Listening …………………………………………………………. 64
Table 4.3. Average of Learning Strategies Used ………………………………. 65
Table 4.4. Learning Strategies Used by Non Auditory Style Students
on Listening …………………………………………………………. 66
Table 4.5. Result of Research Findings in Learning Strategies of
Non Auditory Style Students on Listening …………………………. 71
Table 4.6. Reasons of Non Auditory Style Students in Choosing
Learning Strategies on Listening ……………………………………. 75

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Diagram of Memory Strategies ……………………………………. 13
Figure 2.2. Diagram of Cognitive Strategies ………………………………….. 15
Figure 2.3. Diagram of Compensation Strategies ……………………………… 17
Figure 2.4. Diagram of Metacognitive Strategies ……………………………… 19
Figure 2.5. Diagram of Affective Strategies …………………………………… 21
Figure 2.6. Diagram of Social Strategies ………………………………………. 23
Figure 3.1. Interactive Model by Miles and Huberman ……………………….. 57

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

DH

: Name of the first student employed in preliminary interview

PLSPQ

: Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire

R

: Researcher

RS

: Name of English teacher

SILL

: Strategy Inventory of Language Learning

SK

: Name of the second student employed in preliminary interview

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Permission Letter of Research …………………………………. 98
Appendix 2. Questionnaire to Find Students’ Learning Style ………………. 99
Appendix 3. Questionnaire for Finding out Learning Strategy
Used by Non Auditory Students on Listening ………………… 100
Appendix 4. Answering and Scoring the Strategy Inventory
for Language Learning (SILL) …………………………………. 102
Appendix 5. SILL Scoring Worksheet ……………………………………….. 103
Appendix 6. Questionnaire for Finding Difficulties Faced by
Non Auditory Style Students ………………………………….. 104
Appendix 7. Field Note of Observation ……………………………………… 106
Appendix 8. Field Note of Observation ……………………………………… 108
Appendix 9. Field Note of Observation ……………………………………… 110
Appendix 10. Lesson Plan ……………………………………………………. 112
Appendix 11. Example of Listening Material and Exercise ………………….. 115
Appendix 12. Interview Transcript …………………………………………… 117
Appendix 13. Photographs …………………………………………………… 121
Appendix 14. Example of Teaching Activities ……………………………….. 123

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