Studi Optimasi Konsentrasi Parafin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Acetobacter Xylinum Dalam Memproduksi Selulosa Bakteri
BAB 5
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan
Dari hasil penelitian yang dipeoleh bahwa :
1.Penambahan parafin dapat menumbuhkan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum.
2.Parafin tidak menghambat aktivitas Acetobacter xylinum.
3.Terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum yang dihasilkan
dari penambahan jumlah parafin yang berbeda
.
5.2 Saran
Kepada peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut
mengenai pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum yang ditambahknan parafin
dan variasi penambahan parafin yang berbeda.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Aminah, N. S., Mulijani, S., Ridwan., Sudirman. 2004. Penentuan Daya Serap dan
Karakterisasi Parafin dalam Perlakuan Penjerapan Minyak Jelanta. Journal
Sains Materi Indonesia, Vol 5. No. 3.
Aspinall, G. O. 1983. The Polysaccharides Molecular Biology an Intenational
Series of Monographs and Textbooks. Volume 2. Orlando : Academic
Press, Inc.
Banwart, J. G. 1981. Basic Food Microbiology. New York : Van Nostrand
Reinhold Company.
Backdahl, H., Esguerra, M., Delbro, D., Risberg, B., and Gatenholm, P. 2008.
Engineering microporosity in bacterila cellulose scaffold. Journal of Tissue
Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2: 320.
Biamenta, E. 2011. Karakterisasi Analisa Kadar Nutrisi Edible Film dari Nata De
Coco dengan Penambahan Pati, Gliseril, dan Kitosan sebagai Bahan
Pengemas Makanan. Skripsi. Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Bielecki, S., Krystynowicz, A., Turkiewicz, M., Kalinowska, H. 2000. Bacterial
Selulose. In Polysaccharidae I : Polysaccharides from Prokaryotes.
Biopolymers. Volume 5. Weinhem : Wiley-Vch.
Budiyanto, K. A. 2004. Mikrobiologi Terapan. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan Ketiga.
Malang: UMM Press.
Ciechanka, D. 2004. Multifunctional Bacterial Cellulose / Chitosan Composite
Material for Medical Application. Fibers & Textiles in Eastern Europe.
Chawla, P.R., Bajaj, I.S., Survase, S.A., Singhal, R.S. 2008. Microbial Cellulose:
Fermentasi Production and Application, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 47, 107124.
Czaja, W., Krystynowicz, A., Bielecki, S., Brown, R.M. 2008. Microbial
Cellulose the Natural Power to Heal Wounds. Journal Of Biomaterial. 27,
145-151.
Fengel, D., 1995. Kayu Kimia Ultrastruktur Reaksi-Reaksi. Cetakan Pertama.
Yogyakarta : UGM Press.
Gea, S., Nishino, T., Peijs, T. 2009. All – Cellulose nanocomposite by Surface
Selective Dissolution of Bacterial Cellulose. Jornal Cellulose. 16:435-444.
Gardner, D. 2004. Adhesion and Surface Issues In Cellulose and Nanosellulose.
Journal of adhesion Sceience and Tehnology. 22 : 545-547.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gotner, R.,A. 1938. Outlines of Biochemistry. Third Edition. Newyork: John
Wiley & Sonc Inc.
Hidayat, N. 2006. Mikrobiologi Industri. Yogyakarta: C. V. Andi Offset
Hoenich, N. 2006. Cellulose for Medical Application. Bioresources.
Joly, C., Kofman, M., Gauthier, R. J. 1996. Polypropylene/cellulosic fiber
composite: chemical treatment of the cellulose assuming compatibilization
between the two materials. Journal of 0acromolecule Science A : 33, 19811996.
Jonas, R. Farah, L.F. 1998. Production and Application of Microbial Cellulose.
Polymer Degradation and Stability. 59, 101-106.
Kuntturi, E.J. 2005. Surface Chemistry of Cellulose : from natural fibres to medel
surface. Technische Univeriteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven.
McMurry, J. 1992. Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry.
USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mistry, B.D. 2009. A Handbook of Spectroscopic Data CHEMISTRY. Jaipur :
Oxford Book Company.
Mohamed, F., 2010. Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum sp.
Using Watermelon Rind Waste for Biocomposite Application. Malaysia :
Univesiti Malaysia Pahang.
Moss, M. O. 1995. Food Microbiology. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry.
Murhananto, 2010. Teknik Dasar Membuat Lilin Hias. Kawan Pustaka.
Muthukumarasamy, R., Revathi, G., Seshadri, S., and Lakshminarasimhan, C.
2002. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (syn. Acetobacter diazotrophicus),a
promising diazotrophic endophyte in tropics, Current Science, v. 83, n. 2, p
137-145.
Otmer, K., 1997. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Fourth Edition. John
Willey and Sons, inc. Vol 24. No 350 – 352.
Ozawa, Y., Kikuchi, T. 2008. Mechanical Characteristics of Bacterial Cellulose
Composite
Material. International Conference on Composite Materials
Fukushima Technology Center.
Philip, G. O. dan William, P. A. 2000. Handbook od Hydrocolloids. Cambridge :
Woodhead Publishing Limited.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Satterfield, C.N. 1980. Heterogenous Catalyst In Practice. Mc Graw Hill Book
Company. New york.
Seidman, L. A. 2010. Basic Laboratory Methods for Biotechnology. Text Book
and Laboratory Refence. New York : Benjamin Cummigs. 436-437.
Steven, M.P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan pertama. Jakarta : Pradnya Paramita.
Timberlake, K. C. 2007. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Structures of
Life. Second Edition. San Fransisco : Pearson Education, Inc Benjamin
Cummings.
Wong, S. S., Kasapis, S., Tan, Y. M. 2009. Bacterial and plant cellulose
modification using ultrasound irradiation. Carbohydrate Polymers 77,
280-287.
Xin Li, Shiyan Chen, Weili Hu, Shuaike Shi, Wei Shen, Xiang Zhang, Huaping
Wang. 2008. In situ synthesis of CdS nanoparticles on bacterial cellulose
nanofibers. Cina : Donghua University.
Yanuar, A. 2003. Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Nata
de Coco untuk Bahan Pembantu Pembuatan Tablet. ISTECS Journal.
Volume IV.
Yamanaka, S., Ishihara, M., Sugiyama, J. 2000. Structural Modification of
Bacterial Cellulose. Cellulose, 7: 231-225.
Yuan, X. W., Liu, D., Easteal, A.J., Bhattacharyya, D., and Li, J. 2010.
Preparation of Poly- (Lactic Acid) Scaffold Reinforced With Bacterial
Cellulose Nano-Fibres. New Zealand : The University of Auckland,
Centre for Advanced CompositeMaterials.
Yusbida, A. 2013. Efek Sitotoksik Scaffold Bubuk Tulang Rawan Sapi (Freeze
Dried Bovine Cartilage Powder) dan Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) terhadap
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs). Volume. 1. Medical Faculty of
Airlangga University.
Vitriana, E.E., and Latif, B.S., 2010. Tissue Engineered Bone as an Alternative for
Repairing Bone Defects. Dental Journal. Vol. 43. No. 1.
Zhoul, L., Sun, D.P., Hu, L., Li, Y. W., Yang, J. Z. 2007. Effect of Addition of
Sodium Alginate on Bacterial Cellulose Production by Acetobacter
Xylinum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 34: 483-289.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan
Dari hasil penelitian yang dipeoleh bahwa :
1.Penambahan parafin dapat menumbuhkan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum.
2.Parafin tidak menghambat aktivitas Acetobacter xylinum.
3.Terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum yang dihasilkan
dari penambahan jumlah parafin yang berbeda
.
5.2 Saran
Kepada peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut
mengenai pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum yang ditambahknan parafin
dan variasi penambahan parafin yang berbeda.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Aminah, N. S., Mulijani, S., Ridwan., Sudirman. 2004. Penentuan Daya Serap dan
Karakterisasi Parafin dalam Perlakuan Penjerapan Minyak Jelanta. Journal
Sains Materi Indonesia, Vol 5. No. 3.
Aspinall, G. O. 1983. The Polysaccharides Molecular Biology an Intenational
Series of Monographs and Textbooks. Volume 2. Orlando : Academic
Press, Inc.
Banwart, J. G. 1981. Basic Food Microbiology. New York : Van Nostrand
Reinhold Company.
Backdahl, H., Esguerra, M., Delbro, D., Risberg, B., and Gatenholm, P. 2008.
Engineering microporosity in bacterila cellulose scaffold. Journal of Tissue
Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2: 320.
Biamenta, E. 2011. Karakterisasi Analisa Kadar Nutrisi Edible Film dari Nata De
Coco dengan Penambahan Pati, Gliseril, dan Kitosan sebagai Bahan
Pengemas Makanan. Skripsi. Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Bielecki, S., Krystynowicz, A., Turkiewicz, M., Kalinowska, H. 2000. Bacterial
Selulose. In Polysaccharidae I : Polysaccharides from Prokaryotes.
Biopolymers. Volume 5. Weinhem : Wiley-Vch.
Budiyanto, K. A. 2004. Mikrobiologi Terapan. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan Ketiga.
Malang: UMM Press.
Ciechanka, D. 2004. Multifunctional Bacterial Cellulose / Chitosan Composite
Material for Medical Application. Fibers & Textiles in Eastern Europe.
Chawla, P.R., Bajaj, I.S., Survase, S.A., Singhal, R.S. 2008. Microbial Cellulose:
Fermentasi Production and Application, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 47, 107124.
Czaja, W., Krystynowicz, A., Bielecki, S., Brown, R.M. 2008. Microbial
Cellulose the Natural Power to Heal Wounds. Journal Of Biomaterial. 27,
145-151.
Fengel, D., 1995. Kayu Kimia Ultrastruktur Reaksi-Reaksi. Cetakan Pertama.
Yogyakarta : UGM Press.
Gea, S., Nishino, T., Peijs, T. 2009. All – Cellulose nanocomposite by Surface
Selective Dissolution of Bacterial Cellulose. Jornal Cellulose. 16:435-444.
Gardner, D. 2004. Adhesion and Surface Issues In Cellulose and Nanosellulose.
Journal of adhesion Sceience and Tehnology. 22 : 545-547.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Gotner, R.,A. 1938. Outlines of Biochemistry. Third Edition. Newyork: John
Wiley & Sonc Inc.
Hidayat, N. 2006. Mikrobiologi Industri. Yogyakarta: C. V. Andi Offset
Hoenich, N. 2006. Cellulose for Medical Application. Bioresources.
Joly, C., Kofman, M., Gauthier, R. J. 1996. Polypropylene/cellulosic fiber
composite: chemical treatment of the cellulose assuming compatibilization
between the two materials. Journal of 0acromolecule Science A : 33, 19811996.
Jonas, R. Farah, L.F. 1998. Production and Application of Microbial Cellulose.
Polymer Degradation and Stability. 59, 101-106.
Kuntturi, E.J. 2005. Surface Chemistry of Cellulose : from natural fibres to medel
surface. Technische Univeriteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven.
McMurry, J. 1992. Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry.
USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mistry, B.D. 2009. A Handbook of Spectroscopic Data CHEMISTRY. Jaipur :
Oxford Book Company.
Mohamed, F., 2010. Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum sp.
Using Watermelon Rind Waste for Biocomposite Application. Malaysia :
Univesiti Malaysia Pahang.
Moss, M. O. 1995. Food Microbiology. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry.
Murhananto, 2010. Teknik Dasar Membuat Lilin Hias. Kawan Pustaka.
Muthukumarasamy, R., Revathi, G., Seshadri, S., and Lakshminarasimhan, C.
2002. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (syn. Acetobacter diazotrophicus),a
promising diazotrophic endophyte in tropics, Current Science, v. 83, n. 2, p
137-145.
Otmer, K., 1997. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Fourth Edition. John
Willey and Sons, inc. Vol 24. No 350 – 352.
Ozawa, Y., Kikuchi, T. 2008. Mechanical Characteristics of Bacterial Cellulose
Composite
Material. International Conference on Composite Materials
Fukushima Technology Center.
Philip, G. O. dan William, P. A. 2000. Handbook od Hydrocolloids. Cambridge :
Woodhead Publishing Limited.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Satterfield, C.N. 1980. Heterogenous Catalyst In Practice. Mc Graw Hill Book
Company. New york.
Seidman, L. A. 2010. Basic Laboratory Methods for Biotechnology. Text Book
and Laboratory Refence. New York : Benjamin Cummigs. 436-437.
Steven, M.P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Cetakan pertama. Jakarta : Pradnya Paramita.
Timberlake, K. C. 2007. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Structures of
Life. Second Edition. San Fransisco : Pearson Education, Inc Benjamin
Cummings.
Wong, S. S., Kasapis, S., Tan, Y. M. 2009. Bacterial and plant cellulose
modification using ultrasound irradiation. Carbohydrate Polymers 77,
280-287.
Xin Li, Shiyan Chen, Weili Hu, Shuaike Shi, Wei Shen, Xiang Zhang, Huaping
Wang. 2008. In situ synthesis of CdS nanoparticles on bacterial cellulose
nanofibers. Cina : Donghua University.
Yanuar, A. 2003. Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Nata
de Coco untuk Bahan Pembantu Pembuatan Tablet. ISTECS Journal.
Volume IV.
Yamanaka, S., Ishihara, M., Sugiyama, J. 2000. Structural Modification of
Bacterial Cellulose. Cellulose, 7: 231-225.
Yuan, X. W., Liu, D., Easteal, A.J., Bhattacharyya, D., and Li, J. 2010.
Preparation of Poly- (Lactic Acid) Scaffold Reinforced With Bacterial
Cellulose Nano-Fibres. New Zealand : The University of Auckland,
Centre for Advanced CompositeMaterials.
Yusbida, A. 2013. Efek Sitotoksik Scaffold Bubuk Tulang Rawan Sapi (Freeze
Dried Bovine Cartilage Powder) dan Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) terhadap
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs). Volume. 1. Medical Faculty of
Airlangga University.
Vitriana, E.E., and Latif, B.S., 2010. Tissue Engineered Bone as an Alternative for
Repairing Bone Defects. Dental Journal. Vol. 43. No. 1.
Zhoul, L., Sun, D.P., Hu, L., Li, Y. W., Yang, J. Z. 2007. Effect of Addition of
Sodium Alginate on Bacterial Cellulose Production by Acetobacter
Xylinum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 34: 483-289.
Universitas Sumatera Utara