Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
International Journal of Language and Linguistics
2016; 4(1): 30-39
Published online February 24, 2016 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijll)
doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20160401.15
ISSN: 2330-0205 (Print); ISSN: 2330-0221 (Online)
Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung1, 4, Abdurahman Adisaputera2, Amrin Saragih2, Roswita Silalahi3,
Syahron Lubis3
1
Linguistics Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, North Sumatera University (USU), Medan, Indonesia
Faculty of Language, Department of English Language, State University of Medan (UNIMED), Medan, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Cultural Studies, English Department, North Sumatera University (USU), Medan, Indonesia
4
English Department, Faculty of Language, Simalungun University (USI), Medan, Indonesia
2
Email address:
ahmedalbukhary@yahoo.com (R. W. Sipayung), bukharyahmedal@gmail.com (A. Adisaputera)
To cite this article:
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung, Amrin Saragih, Rahman Adisaputera, Roswita Silalahi, Syahron Lubis. Research on Translated Text of Makhioui
in Simalungun Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language. International Journal of Language and Linguistics.
Vol. 4, No. 1, 2016, pp. 30-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20160401.15
Abstract: The research objective is to formulate the procedures applied by translators in translating Makhiou text on
Simalungun wedding ceremony Indonesian language and assess the impact of translation procedure on the quality of
translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability. The method used in this research is oriented on the product or the
work of translation. Translation unit is examined at the level of the sentence. The translation unit is set so that the study can be
done in detail. It can be used as the basis to establish the conclusions of the study. This research uses the descriptive–
qualitative approach because it is a verbal text which is translated into written.
Keywords: Translation, Procedure, Makhioui, Umpasa, Accuracy, Acceptability, Legibility
1. Introduction
Indonesia is a rich and multicultural country. Indonesia has
34 provinces and 1,128 ethnic groups where each tribe has its
diversity. Culture is a very valuable asset that can be used as
the basic capital in building and developing it. It means that
the presence of our culture can be known and coexisted.
By culture, we can find out the identity and image of
humans, either individual, groups, organizations or specific
communities. But unfortunately, this diverse and beautiful
country is not widely known to the outside because of the
language barrier. In this era of globalization, the intensity of
communication among countries are increasingly high. It is
not enough when science and technology are absorbed from
developed countries by means of translation. This rich
culture of Indonesia can be introduced to some countries
through the translation so that the country is better known
and attracts the attention of other nations, which in turn will
attract foreign tourists to visit Indonesia.
Simalungun is one of the Batak tribe in North Sumatra.
Just like other Batak, Simalungun has its customary in every
ceremony. One of the aspects of traditional culture is
implementation of specific Simalungun marriage. Informal
interview conducted in Simalungun shows that the wedding
is a specific event and has a religious significance for the
tribe of Simalungun. This interview shows that the
sociocultural implementation in a wedding tradition is an
obligation and as a symbol that a married person and his
family cultured person. Religiously, implementation is
intended to receive the blessings of Almighty God who is
believed to be submitted by the parents of the bride along
with their families.
Before the traditional party, the first step must be done is a
religious wedding blessing. Afterwards, a custom
implementation begins with a first party of man to feed bride
and then proceed to the relatives of the bride and to his uncle.
The next party from the bride's traditional food is handed to
the bride as well as the brother of the groom followed by a
welcoming ceremony and tribute to those of men and women
of high rank in the family by means of dancing together
(manortor). It is done alternately between the bridegroom
and his family continued with the bride and also her relatives.
After the show is done, and then followed by having a meal
together. While the meal goes, respecting food (pinggan
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
panganan) in the form of "panganan pinatunggung" is
distributed each other. After a common meal is finished, the
bridegroom hands a demban which is commonly called the
"demban salpu mangan" to the bride.
The next event is the delivery of custom fabrics (custom
hiou) or called Makhioui from the bride to the groom and his
relatives- who deserve it. In addition, there is also a provision
in the form of money. And as an expression of thanks, the
groom also provides custom fabrics (hiou) and also gives
some money to the bride. This traditional event is the end of
a traditional wedding ceremony. But first party of the
bridegroom and bride give some money to compatriots or to
any person who present this traditional event.
In this wedding ceremony, the cloth of Makhioui does not
off handed, it must be there are some pieces of advice,
discourse, and can also be supplied by some umpasa which is
similar to rhymes. Of course, the language is spoken in
Simalungun language.
Example:
SL: Sai tubuhan laklakma
Tubuhan tobu
Sai tubuhan anakma
Tubuhan boru
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan.
In translation studies, poem presented in a marriage
ceremony is regarded as a source language (SL) where its
meaning or message can be routed and delivered in target
language (TL). The structure of the poem is a form forming
composition of poetry. The structure is built by two aspects,
namely sampiran and content. Sampiran serves as forming
rhyme or tone. Sampiran also is called shadow because in
rhyme classic sampiran is sometimes shadow content.
eg:
Berakit-rakit ke hulu
Berenang-renang ke tepian
Bersakit-sakit dahulu
Bersenang-senang kemudian
Berakit-rakit dahulu, berenang-renang ke tepian implicitly
describes that one must work hard to achieve something.
Then the next line clarifies what is implied in sampiran
earlier. "Bersakit-sakit dahulu..." This sentence is explanatory
of "berakit-rakit ke hulu." Likewise, umpasa Simalungun,
sampiran is not translated yet. It is only imagination of the
contents and functions as forming rhyme or tone.
Example:
SL: Tubuhma hayu anak pakon tobu
I buttuni tapian
Sai tubuhma anak pakon boru na jitu-jitu
Na lang panahit-nahitan.
TL: Agar pengantin memperoleh anak laki-laki dan
perempuan yang pintar-pintar dan sehat-sehat.
The translation is essentially the process of transfer of
ideas / thoughts of author in SL into ideas/thoughts.
Therefore, the most important thing in any translation
process is how the translation as much as possible diverts the
mind of a writer in Simalungun language into the reader's
31
understanding in Indonesian language. The translation is
done by a variety of purposes such as the interests of science,
conservation and development, commodity interests in the
field of tourism, initiate and develop cooperation in the field
of culture, and others. Newmark (1981) says that translating
is a business that involves a highly complex process.
Translating not only diverts SL to TL or just looking for a
synonym from one language to another. Translating involves
a process of understanding, explaining, analyzing and
interpreting even including word processing art. Newmark is
known for his theory of semantic translation and
communication. He considers that the translation should also
be seen as part of communication.
In the cultural translation, it is often found that TL is not
same with the SL because of the different concept of culture.
It is because of cultural differences between SL into TL.
Thus an interpreter will find it difficult when translating text
from different culture. This difference will directly put the
translator in a position of dilemma. Where, in one side the
translator must translate the text of SL into TL accurately and
on the other hand, the translator must find the equivalent
word of which it does not exist in the target language and in
the end this situation led to the emergence of translation.
Thus stated Newmark (1988), "Frequently where there is
cultural focus, there is a translation problem due to the
cultural 'gap' or 'distance' between the source and the target
language".
This uncommon situation is interested in the author in
reviewing the text of Makhioui in Simalungun traditional
wedding ceremony to Indonesia language into an article so
that Simalungun people who live in other places can
understand the way of wedding ceremony especially
Makhioui and other communities who is outside from Batak
tribe in Simalungun is interested in knowing this custom.
Because of the development world, there are many Batak
Simalungun ethnic communities do not live in Simalungun
again or migrate. Their children no longer know Simalungun
tradition, even Simalungun language.
2. Theoretical Review
Makhioui is a process or activity giving hiou /mambere hiou
as a symbol giving warm and affection to the recipient of hiou.
Just like the other tribes in the surrounding areas, tribal
Simalungun clothing worn at the wedding cannot be separated
from the use of fabric. Simalungun Batak tribal fabric called
hiou. Hiou is originally synonymous with ajimat (magic),
believed to contain the "strength" of a religious nature magical
and sacred and has a special power to provide protection.
In legend, hiou is regarded as one of the three sources of
warm for humans (besides the fire and the sun), but it is seen
as the most convenient source of warm because it can be
used anytime and anywhere, unlike the sun, and cannot be
burnt (like fire). Like the other tribes in Batak, Batak
Simalungun has a habit of "mambere hiou" (giving hiou).
Hiou can be worn in various forms, as the cloth covering the
head, covering the bottom of the body, upper body cover,
32
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
back cover and others.
Hiou in various shapes and patterns/motifs has some
names and types, for example hiou to cover the head of a
lady is called suri-suri, hiou which covers the bottom of the
woman’s body is called ragi panei or used as everyday
clothing called jabit. Hiou in wedding ceremony is
symbolized as a kinship of Simalungun called tolu
sahundulan, which consists of headgear (headband),
breastplate (clothing) and closed bottom (abit).
3. Method of Research
To produce innovative research, a lot of things should be
done such as preparing the first step, the process until the
writing of the research results. The series of these activities
are the key to success in a study. In other words, the research
plan, the process of research and writing research results
should be the main focus of research. Various stages in the
research, we need to look from the idea of the study, the type
of research that we choose, the samples taken, the process of
collecting data, analyzing the data during the research
process, the method of analyzing the data to the decision and
finally the conclusion of the study.
This research is oriented on the product or the work of
translation. Translation unit is examined at the level of the
sentence. The translation unit is set so that the study can be
done in detail. It can be used as the basis to establish the
conclusions of the study. This research uses the descriptive –
qualitative approach because it is a verbal text which is
translated into written form. Qualitative research produces
descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken about
people or behaviors that can be observed. Qualitative data is
data in the form of words, not in the form of numbers (MONE,
2008). Qualitative research generally takes smaller samples,
and tends to choose the purposive rather than random.
Descriptive-qualitative research uses a qualitative data in the
form of a sentence. The use of qualitative descriptive method
aims to create a description, picture, or painting in systematic,
factual and accurate information on the facts, nature and the
relationship between the phenomena investigated qualitatively.
In this section, we discuss the components applied in research
methods, such as study design, data and sources of research
data, the object of research, technique collecting data and
technique analyzing data.
3.1. Data Sources
The data source can be obtained from the data subject. The
researcher uses a questionnaire or interview in collecting data,
then the data source of the respondent, the person who
answered the question namely written or oral. Sources of data
in qualitative research can be a human being, event or activity,
place or location, objects, various photographs, and recordings,
as well as documents and archives (in Silalahi, 2009).
3.1.1. The Data Source of This Research Is as Follow
a. A Textbook "Book of Uppasa Pakon Uppamani
Simelungun" written by Drs. Salmon Sinaga, in 2010
consisting of 71 terms.
This book contains Umpassa Simalungun, Purpose of
Uppama Simalungun and Its Meaning, Motto of Simalungun
and Pematangsiantar, Passion/Spirit of Doding Na
ambangkithon Simalungun and Doding Simalungun. In this
study, researcher subtitles only take 12 and 19. Sub title 12
by 7 Umpassa Source Text and target text as much as 7 and
consists of 2 pages, 19 texts subtitles as much as 8 Umpassa
Source and target text 8 and consists of 1 page. This poem
consists of 15 Umpassa.
b. Appraisal
In determining the level of translation accuracy assessment
in the study, it is conducted by researcher herself because she
is Simalungun people and knows much both languages
(Simalungun and Indonesia) and its cultures.
3.1.2. The Informants
Informant is involved to determine the level of acceptability
and legibility translation. As for the key informants, in this
study, are: Fariaman Purba SE., M. Si, Liharman Saragih SE.,
M. Si and Ir. Marlindoaman Saragih., Pd.
a All informants are a member of DPD Partuha Maujana
Simalungun (PMS) which know much about historical
and cultural Simalungun on Simalungun district.
b The positions of all informants are as Syamas (Sy) for
20 years in GKPS (Protestant Church Simalungun).
GKPS is the only church using Simalungun language as
the language of instruction in the ritual.
c All informants is also lecturers at the university who
have high abilities.
3.2. Objectives of This Research
This study has two objectives, the event text language and
meaning of the text transfer language events from the source
language to the target language. Text language event is
Makhioui in the wedding party held in Simalungun tradition
in Pematangsiantar. The reason for choosing this area; it is
still used by the people with all of Simalungun
tradition/culture including wedding event. The transfer of the
meaning of the SL text to TL is to shift the meaning of the
text Makhioui in the wedding party held in Simalungun,
Indonesian.
3.3. Techniques of Data Collection
a Analysis of the documentation (content analysis).
Data collection method in this research is the analysis of
the documentation that is by reviewing documents and
archives or read and record the techniques derived from the
"Book Uppasa Pakon Uppamani Simalungun" and its
translation into Indonesian. Researcher collects data from the
book in the form of words, phrases, and sentences that are
presented in the table. This technique is applied to collect
data related to the translation procedure.
b Questionnaire (questionnaire).
This technique is used to collect data about the quality of
translation, which includes three things: the level of accuracy,
the level of acceptance and readability level. Researcher uses
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
a scale of 1-3). To measure the level of quality of the
translation is used measurement instrument table. This study
uses three questionnaires namely Accuracy Rating
Instrument to determine the level of equivalent translation.
Rating acceptability instrument is used to measure the level
of acceptability of the level of translation. Readability rating
instrument is used to measure the readability level of
translation.
Each of the three questionnaires is based on a scale of
assessment as it is displayed on this table.
3
2
1
Definition
The meaning of the text, technical terms, phrases,
clauses or sentences is accurately transferred
from source language into the target language;
Most of the meaning of texts, technical terms,
phrases, clauses or sentences from the source
language has been transferred accurately into the
target language. However, there is still a
distortion of meaning or translation of double
meaning or no meaning is eliminated, which
disrupts the integrity of the message.
Meaning of the text, technical terms, phrase,
clause or sentence from the source language is
inaccurately transferred to the target language.
Table 3. Instrument Used to Measure the Readability of Translation.
Scale
3
2
1
Definition
The text, a technical term, phrase, clause,
and sentence translation can be easily
understood by the reader.
In general, the translation can be understood
by the reader; however there are certain parts
that should be read more than once to
understand the translation.
The translation is found difficult to
understand by readers
conclusion
High Readability
Medium
Readability
Low Readability
Source: Silalahi (2009) with modification
Table 1. Measure the Accuracy of Translation.
Scale
33
Conclusion
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis
Accurate
Data analysis techniques in this study include
observational data transcription text of Makhioui in the
wedding party of Batak Simalungun in Indonesian. Text
translation analysis techniques are performed by translating
the theoretical framework that has been developed.
In the data collection, research activities are as follows:
1. Reading subtitles Umpassa Makhioui Hubani bride and
translation in Indonesian as a whole
2. Underlying its word, phrase and sentence in subtitles
Umpasa Makhioui Hubani bride and also its equivalent
in Indonesia.
3. Writing sections of text that is underlined in the data
table.
4. Identifying and classifying words, phrases, and
sentences then carried out assessing the quality of the
translation.
To analyze the data, the stage of analyzing used is
summarized in the following schematic form.
Less
accurate
No accurate
Source: Silalahi (2009) with some modification
Measuring the instrument of the accuracy of the translation
adheres to a scale of 1 to 3. The higher score given by the
key informants, the more accurate of translation will result.
Conversely, the lower score given by the key informants, the
lower of the accuracy level of the translation will be resulted.
Table 2. Instrument Used to Measure the Acceptability of Translation.
Scale
3
2
1
Definition
Natural translation; the technical term is used
commonly in the field of literature and it is
familiar to the reader. Phrases, clauses and
sentences used are in accordance with the rules of
Indonesia language.
In general, the translation already feels natural; but
there is a little problem in the use of technical
terms or there is grammatical errors occurred
slightly.
Translation is unnatural or feels like a work of
translation; technical terms used are not commonly
used in the field of literature and it is not familiar
to the reader. Phrases, clauses and sentences used
do not conform to the rules of Indonesia language.
conclusion
Acceptable
Less
acceptable
No
acceptable
Source: Nababan (2004) in Silalahi’s Book (2009)
Measuring instrument of acceptability of translation is a
guidance of key informants in determining the level of
acceptability of the translation. Each score given is a
reflection of the level of acceptability of the translation.
As mentioned previously, the third instrument used is the
instrument that will be used by the respondent in determining
the level of legibility translation, which is also based on a
scale of 1 to 3.
Figure 1. Analyzing Data Process.
3.5. Research Procedure
Research procedure performed includes the following
steps.
1. Establish data sources, data and translation unit to be
34
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
assessed.
2. Establish the problem and research objectives.
3. Comparing the SL text and the translated text to
identify what the translation procedures are applied.
4. Assessing the tendency of translation procedures
applied.
5. Reviewing the response of key informants to determine
the level of accuracy and acceptability of the
translation.
6. Assess the responder to determine the level of legibility
translation.
7. Integrating the accuracy and level of acceptance with
the readability level to reveal the quality of the
translation.
8. Drawing conclusions and suggested research and
research implications.
4. Discussion
Exposure data and research findings
Translating Procedure
In this study, it is found that the translator is not only using
a single translation procedure, it has been found that the data
is decoded by using a combination of translation procedure,
namely the translation procedure that uses two translation
procedures are called couplets and four translation procedure
called quartet procedure.
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
Semoga
Na
yang
Na
Yang
SL
ma
lah
buttuni
atas
tubuh
lahir
jitu-jitu
pintar – pinta
lang
tidak
SL
Kalau
Ulang
Jangan
Single procedure refers to the application of the procedure
alone in translating this research data from Simalungun
language into Indonesia language. In this study, it is
identified 11 single procedures used by the translator: 1)
descriptive translation procedure, 2) transposition, 3) a
footnote, and 4) modulation. The data are shown in the
following table.
Table 4. Translating Using a Single Procedure.
Procedure
Variant of single procedure
Number
Persentage
Single
(1) Descriptive translation
5
45,5%
(2) Transposition
3
27,3%
(3) Footnote
2
18,2%
(4 ) Modulation
1
9,0%
Total
11
100%
i. Descriptive Translation Procedure
pakon
dengan
pakon
dengan
tobu
tebu
boru
anak perempuan
panahit-nahitan.
sakit – sakitan/ penyakitan
ma
gan
mangga
lah
katanya
mangga
Bandar Nagori
Bandar Nagori
domma
marrumah tangga
berumah
sudah
tangga/berkeluarga
be
maringori
lagi
bertengkar/cekcok
TL: Dalam rumah tangga janganlah bertengkar.
4.1. Translating Using a Single Procedure
hayu
anak
kayu
anak laki – laki
tapian
tepian, tempat mandi
ma
anak
lah
anak laki- laki
The above data translated using descriptive translation
procedure (a single procedure) gives the same meaning from
SL (Simalungun language).
SL: Sai tubuhma anak pakon boru na jitu jitu
Na lang panahit nahitan
TL: Agar pengantin memperoleh anak laki-laki dan
perempuanyang pintar – pintar dan sehat-sehat.
SL: Na lang panahit nahitan is translated into “sehat-sehat”.
ii. Transposition Procedure
Marbuah
Berbuah
Dalan
Jalan
Anggo
All data analyzed are totaling 15 data. From all the data,
the researcher can identify that there are 11 data using a
single procedure, 3 data using couplets procedure, and 1 data
using the procedure of quartet.
The data above is translated using transposition procedure
(single prosedur).
SL: Anggo domma marrumah tangga
Ulang be maringori
TL: Dalam rumah tangga janganlah bertengkar.
The above data shown that it is transposition procedure
because it changes the long structure becomes a short
structure, Anggo domma marrumah tangga Ulang be
maringori becomes “dalam rumah tangga janganlah
bertengkar”.
iii. Footnote Procedure
SL
Nasuan
Ditanam
Dua
Dua
Na
ma
lah
gattang
kantongan
ubah
Di
rubah
Ulang
Jangan
songon
seperti
timbahou
tembakau
sadari
sehari
ma
parlahou
tingkah
lah
laku/perilaku
sapari
yang lalu
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
TL: Kalau sudah berumah tangga agar perilaku dirobah,
jangan lagi
berperilaku lajang.
The above data is translated using the procedure of
footnotes (a single procedure). Translator provides
information in the form of a footnote to clarify the intended
meaning of the translated word because without additional
explanation, it is rather difficult for the readers to understand
it. It can be seen from the following data:
Bsu: Na ubahma parlahou
Ulang songon sapari
Bsa: Kalau sudah berumah tangga agar perilaku di rubah,
jangan lagi berprilaku
lajang.
The word ‘sapari’ translated becomes “berprilaku lajang”
to add the meaning of ‘sapari’, because the real meaning of
sapari is the last or the past.
iv. Modulation Procedure
SL
Bittang
Bintang
Ombun
Embun
Anak
Anak laki – laki
Boru
Anak perempuan
na
yang
na
yang
pe
pun
pe
pun
rumiris
banyak
sumorop
banyak
riris
banyak
torop
banyak
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak.
The above data is translated using the modulation
procedure. Translators translate the sentence:
SL: Anak per iris
Boru pe torop
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan laki – laki dan
perempuan yang banyak.
v. Couplets Translating Procedures
Couplet procedure that is a combination of two translation
procedures applied in determining the equivalent in the target
language. Blend the two procedures in question is a blend of
1) transposition and modulation, 2) additional explanations
and modulation, and 3) the descriptive translation and
transposition.
Table 5. Couplet Translating Procedure.
Procedure
couplet
Couplet Variant Procedure
(1) transposition +
modulation
(2) addition + modulation
Number
Persentage
1
33,3%
1
33,3%
(3) deskriptive translation +
transposition
1
33,3%
Total
3
100 %
vi. Transposition + modulation
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki- laki
dan perempuan.
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
tubuh an
lahir lah
an
lah
35
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu
tebu
anakma
anak laki – laki
boru
anak perempuan
The above data is translated using the procedure of
transposition + modulation (couplet procedures).
Translation transposition of the above data is shown by the
structural changes that occur from SL to TL, namely:
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma
Tubuhan boru
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan.
The sentence structure is Sai + P1 + P2 + S1 + S2 be the
order + S1 + P1 + P2 + S2 + S3 + and S4.
Then, the application of modulation procedures is
indicated on the underlined sentences:
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma
Tubuhan boru
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan.
The underlined sentence, the interpreter gives semantically
equivalent different viewpoints meaning or scope of its
meaning. But in the context, it gives the same message / the
same purpose.
vii. Additional explanation + Modulation
Riahni
Kesepakatan/kebersamaan
SL
Hotang
panakkat
Rotan
pengikat
Ulang
Jangan
Podas
Cepat
hanami
kami
martupang
punya keturunan
parpokkalan
tempat berkumpul,
kedai/warung
para
tempat meletakkan
sesuatu
ngolngolan
tertunggu – tunggu
ma
abara
lah
bahu
TL: Agar pengantin cepat diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan, jangan sampai orangtua (tondong) lama menanti.
The above data is decoded by using two translation
procedures (procedures couplets) that additional explanation
(contextual conditioning) + modulation.
Additional
explanation
procedure
(contextual
conditioning) is a translation procedure in which the
translator gives word (s) specifically to explain SL.
SL: Ulang hanami ngolngolan
Podas martupang ma abara
TL: Agar pengantin cepat diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan, jangan
36
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
sampai orangtua (?) tondong lama menanti.
Kata yang bergaris bawah dibuat untuk menjelaskan Bsa.
Kemudian prosedur modulasi yaitu dimana sudut pandang
kalimat kedua “Podas martupang ma abara” menerjemahkan
kalimat yang pertama “Ulang hanami ngolngolan”.
The underlined word is created to describe TL.
viii. Descriptive Translation + Transposition
SL
Ruttun
Ditarik
I
Di
Podas
Cepat
Dapot
Dapat
rabing-rabing
bernas
buttuni
tapian
diatas
tepian, tempat mandi
marabing - abing
memangku
an
passarian
lah
rejeki/penghasilan
TL: Kiranya pengantin cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)
dan dapat rejeki /berkat.
The data is translated using descriptive translation +
transposition procedure (couplet procedure). Descriptive
translation procedure can be seen at the underlined sentence.
SL: Podas marabing abing
Dapotan passarian
TL: Kiranya pengantin cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)
dan dapat
rejeki/berkat.
In a sentence of SL podas marabing abing can be
translated into ‘cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)’.
Transposition procedure is shown at the change of the
sentence structure,
SL: Podas marabing abing
Dapotan passarian
TL: Kiranya pengantin cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)
dan dapat
rejeki/berkat.
With the structure of SL: Ket + P1 + P2 + S1
Becomes TL: kiranya + S1 + P1 + dapat + S2 dan dapat S3
ix. Translating Quartet Procedures
Quartet procedure is a combination of four translation
procedures applied in determining the equivalent in the target
language. A blend of four procedures is a
Transposition + descriptive translation + without
equivalency + modulation.
Table 6. Translating Quartet Procedure.
Procedure
Variant Quartet Procedure
Number
Persentage
Quartet
transposition + descriptive
translation + no equivalent +
modulation
1
100%
Total
1
100%
The table above shows that there is only 1 data from 15
data applied in translation procedure quartet with variant
translation procedure that is descriptive translation
transposition + + + modulation is not given equivalent. The
following description of the variant translation procedure
quartets:
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
dolog
bukit
Tubuh
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu/sikkorung
tebu/kalung
Purba Tua
Purba Tua
anak
ma
Tubuh
anak laki
lah
lahir
– laki
ni
nya
an
Semoga
lahir
lah
an
lah
Hasoman
Teman
boru
anak perempuan
nasiam
sayur
kalian
sampai
matua
tua
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang bisa jadi
teman sampai sayur matua.
The above data is decoded by using a combination of four
translation procedures (procedures quartet) that is
transposition + descriptive translation + no equivalent +
modulation.
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma Tubuhan boru
Hasoman nasiam sayur matua
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan yang bisa jadi teman sampai sayur matua.
At TL, structural changes from SL (Sai + P1 + S1 + P2 +
S2), (S1 + S2 + Ket.) Became TL (To + S1 + P1 + S2 + P2 +
S3 + and S4 + can be + S5 + to + Ket.)
Furthermore, using a procedure which is not given
equivalent to the temporal interpreter cite only the original
language (Simalungun). The word "sayur matua" in SL is
translated as "sayur matua" in TL.
Modulation procedure is shown in the underlined sentence:
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma Tubuhan boru
Hasoman nasiam sayur matua
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan yang bisa jadi teman sampai sayur matua.
4.2. Result of the Research
All data analyzed are 15 data. The researcher identifies
that there are 11 data using a single procedure, 3 data using
the couplet procedure and 1 data using quartet procedure.
The translation is done by a translator with the procedure
which can be described as follows.
Tabel 7. Presentage of Recaputalation in Translating Procedure.
No
1
2
3
Translating Procedure
Single Procedure
Couplet Procedure
Quartet Procedure
Total
Number
11
3
1
15
Persentage
73,3%
20,0%
6,7%
100%
From the results mentioned above, it can be understood
that the procedures used by the translator to translate the text
of Makhioui in Wedding Ceremony in Simalungun consist of
3 translation procedures that is 1) single procedure, 2)
couplet procedure, and 3) quartet procedure. The results
show that a single procedure is more compared with other
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
procedures. The comparison can be seen in the following
table.
Table 8. Comparison of Single and Double Procedures.
No
1
2
Translating Procedure
Single Procedure
Dauble Procedure
Jumlah
Number
11
4
15
and relatively accurate because it does not create a distorted
meaning.
A.2 Less Accurate Translation
Data are classified as less accurate:
Persentage
73,3%
26,7%
100%
4.3. Quality of the Translation
SL
The quality of the translation in the translated text of
wedding ceremony Makhioui in Simalungun to Indonesian
language is summarized in Table 10 below.
Table 9. Quality of the Translation.
No
1.
2.
3.
element of quality
accuracy
acceptance
Readability
total
number
7
9
8
24
Persentage
46,6%
60%
53,3%
100%
A. The Accuracy Level of Message
Data source in this study is 15. Of these, 7 data are an
accurate translation, 8 data are including inaccurate
translation. Target data included in the second category are
described below.
A. 1 Accurate Translation
Sai
tubuh
an
laklakma
Semoga
lahir
lah
kulit kayu
Tubuh
an
tobu
Lahir
lah
tebu
SL
Sai
tubuh
an
anakma
Semoga
lahir
lah
anak laki - laki
Tubuh
an
boru
Lahir
lah
anak perempuan
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki- laki
dan perempuan.
The above data is translated using the procedure
transposition + modulation (couplet procedures couplets),
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
Semoga
an
lah
Hasoman
Teman
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
dolog
bukit
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
dolog
bukit
Tubuh
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu/sikkorung
tebu/kalung
ni Purba Tua
nya Purba Tua
an anak
ma Tubuh
anak
laki
–
lah
lah lahir
laki
Semoga
lahir
an
lah
Hasoman
Teman
boru
anak perempuan
nasiam
sayur
kalian
sampai
matua
tua
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang bisa jadi
teman sampai sayur matua.
The above data are decoded by using a combination of
four translation procedures (quartet procedures ).
The above data is classified as less accurate because there
is an untranslated phrase eg. "sayur matua".
The level of the acceptability of translation
B.1 The Acceptability of Translation
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu
tebu
an
anakma
lah
anak laki - laki
boru
anak perempuan
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki- laki
dan perempuan.
B.2 Less Acceptabile Translation
There are as many as 5 data is classified as a translation
less acceptable:
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu/sikkorung
tebu/kalung
ni
Purba Tua
nya
Purba Tua
Tubuh
an
anak
lahir
lah
anak laki – laki
boru
anak perempuan
nasiam
sayur
kalian
sampai
37
ma
lah
Tubuh
lahir
matua
tua
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang bisa jadi
teman sampai sayur matua.
B. Readability of Translation
C.1 High Readability of Translation
This study identifies as many as 8 data that belongs to this
category, namely:
38
SL
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
Bittang
na
Bintang
yang
Ombun
na
Embun
yang
Anak
Anak laki – laki
Boru
Anak perempuan
rumiris
banyak
sumorop
banyak
pe
riris
pun
banyak
pe
torop
pun
banyak
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak.
C.2 Medium Readability of Translation
Riahni
Kesepakatan/kebersamaan
SL
Hotang
panakkat
Rotan
pengikat
Ulang
Jangan
Podas
hanami
kami
martupang
punya
keturunan
Cepat
parpokkalan
tempat berkumpul,
kedai/warung
para
tempat meletakkan
sesuatu
ngolngolan
tertunggu - tunggu
ma
abara
lah
bahu
TL: Agar pengantin cepat diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan, jangan sampai orangtua (tondong) lama menanti.
5. Conclusion
It has been explained that the aim of this study is to
formulate a translation procedure applied in translating
umpasa / poem contained in the text Makhioui at the wedding
ceremony of the Simalungun language into Indonesia
language and assess the impact of the translation procedures
on the quality of the translation. From the data analysis, it
can be concluded as follows:
a Translators in translating umpasa without sampiran of
the fifteenth umpasa presented in text Makhioui in
wedding ceremony.
b Sampiran only sustains the contents of Umpasa as a
good rhyme. It should be a good philosophical
relationship between sampiran and content.
c The purpose of the Makhioui translator translates text
on a traditional wedding party from Simalungun
language into Indonesia language in such a way that the
book can be used by many people.
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2016; 4(1): 30-39
Published online February 24, 2016 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijll)
doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20160401.15
ISSN: 2330-0205 (Print); ISSN: 2330-0221 (Online)
Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung1, 4, Abdurahman Adisaputera2, Amrin Saragih2, Roswita Silalahi3,
Syahron Lubis3
1
Linguistics Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, North Sumatera University (USU), Medan, Indonesia
Faculty of Language, Department of English Language, State University of Medan (UNIMED), Medan, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Cultural Studies, English Department, North Sumatera University (USU), Medan, Indonesia
4
English Department, Faculty of Language, Simalungun University (USI), Medan, Indonesia
2
Email address:
ahmedalbukhary@yahoo.com (R. W. Sipayung), bukharyahmedal@gmail.com (A. Adisaputera)
To cite this article:
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung, Amrin Saragih, Rahman Adisaputera, Roswita Silalahi, Syahron Lubis. Research on Translated Text of Makhioui
in Simalungun Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language. International Journal of Language and Linguistics.
Vol. 4, No. 1, 2016, pp. 30-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20160401.15
Abstract: The research objective is to formulate the procedures applied by translators in translating Makhiou text on
Simalungun wedding ceremony Indonesian language and assess the impact of translation procedure on the quality of
translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability. The method used in this research is oriented on the product or the
work of translation. Translation unit is examined at the level of the sentence. The translation unit is set so that the study can be
done in detail. It can be used as the basis to establish the conclusions of the study. This research uses the descriptive–
qualitative approach because it is a verbal text which is translated into written.
Keywords: Translation, Procedure, Makhioui, Umpasa, Accuracy, Acceptability, Legibility
1. Introduction
Indonesia is a rich and multicultural country. Indonesia has
34 provinces and 1,128 ethnic groups where each tribe has its
diversity. Culture is a very valuable asset that can be used as
the basic capital in building and developing it. It means that
the presence of our culture can be known and coexisted.
By culture, we can find out the identity and image of
humans, either individual, groups, organizations or specific
communities. But unfortunately, this diverse and beautiful
country is not widely known to the outside because of the
language barrier. In this era of globalization, the intensity of
communication among countries are increasingly high. It is
not enough when science and technology are absorbed from
developed countries by means of translation. This rich
culture of Indonesia can be introduced to some countries
through the translation so that the country is better known
and attracts the attention of other nations, which in turn will
attract foreign tourists to visit Indonesia.
Simalungun is one of the Batak tribe in North Sumatra.
Just like other Batak, Simalungun has its customary in every
ceremony. One of the aspects of traditional culture is
implementation of specific Simalungun marriage. Informal
interview conducted in Simalungun shows that the wedding
is a specific event and has a religious significance for the
tribe of Simalungun. This interview shows that the
sociocultural implementation in a wedding tradition is an
obligation and as a symbol that a married person and his
family cultured person. Religiously, implementation is
intended to receive the blessings of Almighty God who is
believed to be submitted by the parents of the bride along
with their families.
Before the traditional party, the first step must be done is a
religious wedding blessing. Afterwards, a custom
implementation begins with a first party of man to feed bride
and then proceed to the relatives of the bride and to his uncle.
The next party from the bride's traditional food is handed to
the bride as well as the brother of the groom followed by a
welcoming ceremony and tribute to those of men and women
of high rank in the family by means of dancing together
(manortor). It is done alternately between the bridegroom
and his family continued with the bride and also her relatives.
After the show is done, and then followed by having a meal
together. While the meal goes, respecting food (pinggan
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
panganan) in the form of "panganan pinatunggung" is
distributed each other. After a common meal is finished, the
bridegroom hands a demban which is commonly called the
"demban salpu mangan" to the bride.
The next event is the delivery of custom fabrics (custom
hiou) or called Makhioui from the bride to the groom and his
relatives- who deserve it. In addition, there is also a provision
in the form of money. And as an expression of thanks, the
groom also provides custom fabrics (hiou) and also gives
some money to the bride. This traditional event is the end of
a traditional wedding ceremony. But first party of the
bridegroom and bride give some money to compatriots or to
any person who present this traditional event.
In this wedding ceremony, the cloth of Makhioui does not
off handed, it must be there are some pieces of advice,
discourse, and can also be supplied by some umpasa which is
similar to rhymes. Of course, the language is spoken in
Simalungun language.
Example:
SL: Sai tubuhan laklakma
Tubuhan tobu
Sai tubuhan anakma
Tubuhan boru
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan.
In translation studies, poem presented in a marriage
ceremony is regarded as a source language (SL) where its
meaning or message can be routed and delivered in target
language (TL). The structure of the poem is a form forming
composition of poetry. The structure is built by two aspects,
namely sampiran and content. Sampiran serves as forming
rhyme or tone. Sampiran also is called shadow because in
rhyme classic sampiran is sometimes shadow content.
eg:
Berakit-rakit ke hulu
Berenang-renang ke tepian
Bersakit-sakit dahulu
Bersenang-senang kemudian
Berakit-rakit dahulu, berenang-renang ke tepian implicitly
describes that one must work hard to achieve something.
Then the next line clarifies what is implied in sampiran
earlier. "Bersakit-sakit dahulu..." This sentence is explanatory
of "berakit-rakit ke hulu." Likewise, umpasa Simalungun,
sampiran is not translated yet. It is only imagination of the
contents and functions as forming rhyme or tone.
Example:
SL: Tubuhma hayu anak pakon tobu
I buttuni tapian
Sai tubuhma anak pakon boru na jitu-jitu
Na lang panahit-nahitan.
TL: Agar pengantin memperoleh anak laki-laki dan
perempuan yang pintar-pintar dan sehat-sehat.
The translation is essentially the process of transfer of
ideas / thoughts of author in SL into ideas/thoughts.
Therefore, the most important thing in any translation
process is how the translation as much as possible diverts the
mind of a writer in Simalungun language into the reader's
31
understanding in Indonesian language. The translation is
done by a variety of purposes such as the interests of science,
conservation and development, commodity interests in the
field of tourism, initiate and develop cooperation in the field
of culture, and others. Newmark (1981) says that translating
is a business that involves a highly complex process.
Translating not only diverts SL to TL or just looking for a
synonym from one language to another. Translating involves
a process of understanding, explaining, analyzing and
interpreting even including word processing art. Newmark is
known for his theory of semantic translation and
communication. He considers that the translation should also
be seen as part of communication.
In the cultural translation, it is often found that TL is not
same with the SL because of the different concept of culture.
It is because of cultural differences between SL into TL.
Thus an interpreter will find it difficult when translating text
from different culture. This difference will directly put the
translator in a position of dilemma. Where, in one side the
translator must translate the text of SL into TL accurately and
on the other hand, the translator must find the equivalent
word of which it does not exist in the target language and in
the end this situation led to the emergence of translation.
Thus stated Newmark (1988), "Frequently where there is
cultural focus, there is a translation problem due to the
cultural 'gap' or 'distance' between the source and the target
language".
This uncommon situation is interested in the author in
reviewing the text of Makhioui in Simalungun traditional
wedding ceremony to Indonesia language into an article so
that Simalungun people who live in other places can
understand the way of wedding ceremony especially
Makhioui and other communities who is outside from Batak
tribe in Simalungun is interested in knowing this custom.
Because of the development world, there are many Batak
Simalungun ethnic communities do not live in Simalungun
again or migrate. Their children no longer know Simalungun
tradition, even Simalungun language.
2. Theoretical Review
Makhioui is a process or activity giving hiou /mambere hiou
as a symbol giving warm and affection to the recipient of hiou.
Just like the other tribes in the surrounding areas, tribal
Simalungun clothing worn at the wedding cannot be separated
from the use of fabric. Simalungun Batak tribal fabric called
hiou. Hiou is originally synonymous with ajimat (magic),
believed to contain the "strength" of a religious nature magical
and sacred and has a special power to provide protection.
In legend, hiou is regarded as one of the three sources of
warm for humans (besides the fire and the sun), but it is seen
as the most convenient source of warm because it can be
used anytime and anywhere, unlike the sun, and cannot be
burnt (like fire). Like the other tribes in Batak, Batak
Simalungun has a habit of "mambere hiou" (giving hiou).
Hiou can be worn in various forms, as the cloth covering the
head, covering the bottom of the body, upper body cover,
32
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
back cover and others.
Hiou in various shapes and patterns/motifs has some
names and types, for example hiou to cover the head of a
lady is called suri-suri, hiou which covers the bottom of the
woman’s body is called ragi panei or used as everyday
clothing called jabit. Hiou in wedding ceremony is
symbolized as a kinship of Simalungun called tolu
sahundulan, which consists of headgear (headband),
breastplate (clothing) and closed bottom (abit).
3. Method of Research
To produce innovative research, a lot of things should be
done such as preparing the first step, the process until the
writing of the research results. The series of these activities
are the key to success in a study. In other words, the research
plan, the process of research and writing research results
should be the main focus of research. Various stages in the
research, we need to look from the idea of the study, the type
of research that we choose, the samples taken, the process of
collecting data, analyzing the data during the research
process, the method of analyzing the data to the decision and
finally the conclusion of the study.
This research is oriented on the product or the work of
translation. Translation unit is examined at the level of the
sentence. The translation unit is set so that the study can be
done in detail. It can be used as the basis to establish the
conclusions of the study. This research uses the descriptive –
qualitative approach because it is a verbal text which is
translated into written form. Qualitative research produces
descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken about
people or behaviors that can be observed. Qualitative data is
data in the form of words, not in the form of numbers (MONE,
2008). Qualitative research generally takes smaller samples,
and tends to choose the purposive rather than random.
Descriptive-qualitative research uses a qualitative data in the
form of a sentence. The use of qualitative descriptive method
aims to create a description, picture, or painting in systematic,
factual and accurate information on the facts, nature and the
relationship between the phenomena investigated qualitatively.
In this section, we discuss the components applied in research
methods, such as study design, data and sources of research
data, the object of research, technique collecting data and
technique analyzing data.
3.1. Data Sources
The data source can be obtained from the data subject. The
researcher uses a questionnaire or interview in collecting data,
then the data source of the respondent, the person who
answered the question namely written or oral. Sources of data
in qualitative research can be a human being, event or activity,
place or location, objects, various photographs, and recordings,
as well as documents and archives (in Silalahi, 2009).
3.1.1. The Data Source of This Research Is as Follow
a. A Textbook "Book of Uppasa Pakon Uppamani
Simelungun" written by Drs. Salmon Sinaga, in 2010
consisting of 71 terms.
This book contains Umpassa Simalungun, Purpose of
Uppama Simalungun and Its Meaning, Motto of Simalungun
and Pematangsiantar, Passion/Spirit of Doding Na
ambangkithon Simalungun and Doding Simalungun. In this
study, researcher subtitles only take 12 and 19. Sub title 12
by 7 Umpassa Source Text and target text as much as 7 and
consists of 2 pages, 19 texts subtitles as much as 8 Umpassa
Source and target text 8 and consists of 1 page. This poem
consists of 15 Umpassa.
b. Appraisal
In determining the level of translation accuracy assessment
in the study, it is conducted by researcher herself because she
is Simalungun people and knows much both languages
(Simalungun and Indonesia) and its cultures.
3.1.2. The Informants
Informant is involved to determine the level of acceptability
and legibility translation. As for the key informants, in this
study, are: Fariaman Purba SE., M. Si, Liharman Saragih SE.,
M. Si and Ir. Marlindoaman Saragih., Pd.
a All informants are a member of DPD Partuha Maujana
Simalungun (PMS) which know much about historical
and cultural Simalungun on Simalungun district.
b The positions of all informants are as Syamas (Sy) for
20 years in GKPS (Protestant Church Simalungun).
GKPS is the only church using Simalungun language as
the language of instruction in the ritual.
c All informants is also lecturers at the university who
have high abilities.
3.2. Objectives of This Research
This study has two objectives, the event text language and
meaning of the text transfer language events from the source
language to the target language. Text language event is
Makhioui in the wedding party held in Simalungun tradition
in Pematangsiantar. The reason for choosing this area; it is
still used by the people with all of Simalungun
tradition/culture including wedding event. The transfer of the
meaning of the SL text to TL is to shift the meaning of the
text Makhioui in the wedding party held in Simalungun,
Indonesian.
3.3. Techniques of Data Collection
a Analysis of the documentation (content analysis).
Data collection method in this research is the analysis of
the documentation that is by reviewing documents and
archives or read and record the techniques derived from the
"Book Uppasa Pakon Uppamani Simalungun" and its
translation into Indonesian. Researcher collects data from the
book in the form of words, phrases, and sentences that are
presented in the table. This technique is applied to collect
data related to the translation procedure.
b Questionnaire (questionnaire).
This technique is used to collect data about the quality of
translation, which includes three things: the level of accuracy,
the level of acceptance and readability level. Researcher uses
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
a scale of 1-3). To measure the level of quality of the
translation is used measurement instrument table. This study
uses three questionnaires namely Accuracy Rating
Instrument to determine the level of equivalent translation.
Rating acceptability instrument is used to measure the level
of acceptability of the level of translation. Readability rating
instrument is used to measure the readability level of
translation.
Each of the three questionnaires is based on a scale of
assessment as it is displayed on this table.
3
2
1
Definition
The meaning of the text, technical terms, phrases,
clauses or sentences is accurately transferred
from source language into the target language;
Most of the meaning of texts, technical terms,
phrases, clauses or sentences from the source
language has been transferred accurately into the
target language. However, there is still a
distortion of meaning or translation of double
meaning or no meaning is eliminated, which
disrupts the integrity of the message.
Meaning of the text, technical terms, phrase,
clause or sentence from the source language is
inaccurately transferred to the target language.
Table 3. Instrument Used to Measure the Readability of Translation.
Scale
3
2
1
Definition
The text, a technical term, phrase, clause,
and sentence translation can be easily
understood by the reader.
In general, the translation can be understood
by the reader; however there are certain parts
that should be read more than once to
understand the translation.
The translation is found difficult to
understand by readers
conclusion
High Readability
Medium
Readability
Low Readability
Source: Silalahi (2009) with modification
Table 1. Measure the Accuracy of Translation.
Scale
33
Conclusion
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis
Accurate
Data analysis techniques in this study include
observational data transcription text of Makhioui in the
wedding party of Batak Simalungun in Indonesian. Text
translation analysis techniques are performed by translating
the theoretical framework that has been developed.
In the data collection, research activities are as follows:
1. Reading subtitles Umpassa Makhioui Hubani bride and
translation in Indonesian as a whole
2. Underlying its word, phrase and sentence in subtitles
Umpasa Makhioui Hubani bride and also its equivalent
in Indonesia.
3. Writing sections of text that is underlined in the data
table.
4. Identifying and classifying words, phrases, and
sentences then carried out assessing the quality of the
translation.
To analyze the data, the stage of analyzing used is
summarized in the following schematic form.
Less
accurate
No accurate
Source: Silalahi (2009) with some modification
Measuring the instrument of the accuracy of the translation
adheres to a scale of 1 to 3. The higher score given by the
key informants, the more accurate of translation will result.
Conversely, the lower score given by the key informants, the
lower of the accuracy level of the translation will be resulted.
Table 2. Instrument Used to Measure the Acceptability of Translation.
Scale
3
2
1
Definition
Natural translation; the technical term is used
commonly in the field of literature and it is
familiar to the reader. Phrases, clauses and
sentences used are in accordance with the rules of
Indonesia language.
In general, the translation already feels natural; but
there is a little problem in the use of technical
terms or there is grammatical errors occurred
slightly.
Translation is unnatural or feels like a work of
translation; technical terms used are not commonly
used in the field of literature and it is not familiar
to the reader. Phrases, clauses and sentences used
do not conform to the rules of Indonesia language.
conclusion
Acceptable
Less
acceptable
No
acceptable
Source: Nababan (2004) in Silalahi’s Book (2009)
Measuring instrument of acceptability of translation is a
guidance of key informants in determining the level of
acceptability of the translation. Each score given is a
reflection of the level of acceptability of the translation.
As mentioned previously, the third instrument used is the
instrument that will be used by the respondent in determining
the level of legibility translation, which is also based on a
scale of 1 to 3.
Figure 1. Analyzing Data Process.
3.5. Research Procedure
Research procedure performed includes the following
steps.
1. Establish data sources, data and translation unit to be
34
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
assessed.
2. Establish the problem and research objectives.
3. Comparing the SL text and the translated text to
identify what the translation procedures are applied.
4. Assessing the tendency of translation procedures
applied.
5. Reviewing the response of key informants to determine
the level of accuracy and acceptability of the
translation.
6. Assess the responder to determine the level of legibility
translation.
7. Integrating the accuracy and level of acceptance with
the readability level to reveal the quality of the
translation.
8. Drawing conclusions and suggested research and
research implications.
4. Discussion
Exposure data and research findings
Translating Procedure
In this study, it is found that the translator is not only using
a single translation procedure, it has been found that the data
is decoded by using a combination of translation procedure,
namely the translation procedure that uses two translation
procedures are called couplets and four translation procedure
called quartet procedure.
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
Semoga
Na
yang
Na
Yang
SL
ma
lah
buttuni
atas
tubuh
lahir
jitu-jitu
pintar – pinta
lang
tidak
SL
Kalau
Ulang
Jangan
Single procedure refers to the application of the procedure
alone in translating this research data from Simalungun
language into Indonesia language. In this study, it is
identified 11 single procedures used by the translator: 1)
descriptive translation procedure, 2) transposition, 3) a
footnote, and 4) modulation. The data are shown in the
following table.
Table 4. Translating Using a Single Procedure.
Procedure
Variant of single procedure
Number
Persentage
Single
(1) Descriptive translation
5
45,5%
(2) Transposition
3
27,3%
(3) Footnote
2
18,2%
(4 ) Modulation
1
9,0%
Total
11
100%
i. Descriptive Translation Procedure
pakon
dengan
pakon
dengan
tobu
tebu
boru
anak perempuan
panahit-nahitan.
sakit – sakitan/ penyakitan
ma
gan
mangga
lah
katanya
mangga
Bandar Nagori
Bandar Nagori
domma
marrumah tangga
berumah
sudah
tangga/berkeluarga
be
maringori
lagi
bertengkar/cekcok
TL: Dalam rumah tangga janganlah bertengkar.
4.1. Translating Using a Single Procedure
hayu
anak
kayu
anak laki – laki
tapian
tepian, tempat mandi
ma
anak
lah
anak laki- laki
The above data translated using descriptive translation
procedure (a single procedure) gives the same meaning from
SL (Simalungun language).
SL: Sai tubuhma anak pakon boru na jitu jitu
Na lang panahit nahitan
TL: Agar pengantin memperoleh anak laki-laki dan
perempuanyang pintar – pintar dan sehat-sehat.
SL: Na lang panahit nahitan is translated into “sehat-sehat”.
ii. Transposition Procedure
Marbuah
Berbuah
Dalan
Jalan
Anggo
All data analyzed are totaling 15 data. From all the data,
the researcher can identify that there are 11 data using a
single procedure, 3 data using couplets procedure, and 1 data
using the procedure of quartet.
The data above is translated using transposition procedure
(single prosedur).
SL: Anggo domma marrumah tangga
Ulang be maringori
TL: Dalam rumah tangga janganlah bertengkar.
The above data shown that it is transposition procedure
because it changes the long structure becomes a short
structure, Anggo domma marrumah tangga Ulang be
maringori becomes “dalam rumah tangga janganlah
bertengkar”.
iii. Footnote Procedure
SL
Nasuan
Ditanam
Dua
Dua
Na
ma
lah
gattang
kantongan
ubah
Di
rubah
Ulang
Jangan
songon
seperti
timbahou
tembakau
sadari
sehari
ma
parlahou
tingkah
lah
laku/perilaku
sapari
yang lalu
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
TL: Kalau sudah berumah tangga agar perilaku dirobah,
jangan lagi
berperilaku lajang.
The above data is translated using the procedure of
footnotes (a single procedure). Translator provides
information in the form of a footnote to clarify the intended
meaning of the translated word because without additional
explanation, it is rather difficult for the readers to understand
it. It can be seen from the following data:
Bsu: Na ubahma parlahou
Ulang songon sapari
Bsa: Kalau sudah berumah tangga agar perilaku di rubah,
jangan lagi berprilaku
lajang.
The word ‘sapari’ translated becomes “berprilaku lajang”
to add the meaning of ‘sapari’, because the real meaning of
sapari is the last or the past.
iv. Modulation Procedure
SL
Bittang
Bintang
Ombun
Embun
Anak
Anak laki – laki
Boru
Anak perempuan
na
yang
na
yang
pe
pun
pe
pun
rumiris
banyak
sumorop
banyak
riris
banyak
torop
banyak
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak.
The above data is translated using the modulation
procedure. Translators translate the sentence:
SL: Anak per iris
Boru pe torop
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan laki – laki dan
perempuan yang banyak.
v. Couplets Translating Procedures
Couplet procedure that is a combination of two translation
procedures applied in determining the equivalent in the target
language. Blend the two procedures in question is a blend of
1) transposition and modulation, 2) additional explanations
and modulation, and 3) the descriptive translation and
transposition.
Table 5. Couplet Translating Procedure.
Procedure
couplet
Couplet Variant Procedure
(1) transposition +
modulation
(2) addition + modulation
Number
Persentage
1
33,3%
1
33,3%
(3) deskriptive translation +
transposition
1
33,3%
Total
3
100 %
vi. Transposition + modulation
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki- laki
dan perempuan.
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
tubuh an
lahir lah
an
lah
35
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu
tebu
anakma
anak laki – laki
boru
anak perempuan
The above data is translated using the procedure of
transposition + modulation (couplet procedures).
Translation transposition of the above data is shown by the
structural changes that occur from SL to TL, namely:
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma
Tubuhan boru
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan.
The sentence structure is Sai + P1 + P2 + S1 + S2 be the
order + S1 + P1 + P2 + S2 + S3 + and S4.
Then, the application of modulation procedures is
indicated on the underlined sentences:
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma
Tubuhan boru
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan.
The underlined sentence, the interpreter gives semantically
equivalent different viewpoints meaning or scope of its
meaning. But in the context, it gives the same message / the
same purpose.
vii. Additional explanation + Modulation
Riahni
Kesepakatan/kebersamaan
SL
Hotang
panakkat
Rotan
pengikat
Ulang
Jangan
Podas
Cepat
hanami
kami
martupang
punya keturunan
parpokkalan
tempat berkumpul,
kedai/warung
para
tempat meletakkan
sesuatu
ngolngolan
tertunggu – tunggu
ma
abara
lah
bahu
TL: Agar pengantin cepat diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan, jangan sampai orangtua (tondong) lama menanti.
The above data is decoded by using two translation
procedures (procedures couplets) that additional explanation
(contextual conditioning) + modulation.
Additional
explanation
procedure
(contextual
conditioning) is a translation procedure in which the
translator gives word (s) specifically to explain SL.
SL: Ulang hanami ngolngolan
Podas martupang ma abara
TL: Agar pengantin cepat diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan, jangan
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Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
sampai orangtua (?) tondong lama menanti.
Kata yang bergaris bawah dibuat untuk menjelaskan Bsa.
Kemudian prosedur modulasi yaitu dimana sudut pandang
kalimat kedua “Podas martupang ma abara” menerjemahkan
kalimat yang pertama “Ulang hanami ngolngolan”.
The underlined word is created to describe TL.
viii. Descriptive Translation + Transposition
SL
Ruttun
Ditarik
I
Di
Podas
Cepat
Dapot
Dapat
rabing-rabing
bernas
buttuni
tapian
diatas
tepian, tempat mandi
marabing - abing
memangku
an
passarian
lah
rejeki/penghasilan
TL: Kiranya pengantin cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)
dan dapat rejeki /berkat.
The data is translated using descriptive translation +
transposition procedure (couplet procedure). Descriptive
translation procedure can be seen at the underlined sentence.
SL: Podas marabing abing
Dapotan passarian
TL: Kiranya pengantin cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)
dan dapat
rejeki/berkat.
In a sentence of SL podas marabing abing can be
translated into ‘cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)’.
Transposition procedure is shown at the change of the
sentence structure,
SL: Podas marabing abing
Dapotan passarian
TL: Kiranya pengantin cepat dapat keturunan (anak, boru)
dan dapat
rejeki/berkat.
With the structure of SL: Ket + P1 + P2 + S1
Becomes TL: kiranya + S1 + P1 + dapat + S2 dan dapat S3
ix. Translating Quartet Procedures
Quartet procedure is a combination of four translation
procedures applied in determining the equivalent in the target
language. A blend of four procedures is a
Transposition + descriptive translation + without
equivalency + modulation.
Table 6. Translating Quartet Procedure.
Procedure
Variant Quartet Procedure
Number
Persentage
Quartet
transposition + descriptive
translation + no equivalent +
modulation
1
100%
Total
1
100%
The table above shows that there is only 1 data from 15
data applied in translation procedure quartet with variant
translation procedure that is descriptive translation
transposition + + + modulation is not given equivalent. The
following description of the variant translation procedure
quartets:
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
dolog
bukit
Tubuh
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu/sikkorung
tebu/kalung
Purba Tua
Purba Tua
anak
ma
Tubuh
anak laki
lah
lahir
– laki
ni
nya
an
Semoga
lahir
lah
an
lah
Hasoman
Teman
boru
anak perempuan
nasiam
sayur
kalian
sampai
matua
tua
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang bisa jadi
teman sampai sayur matua.
The above data is decoded by using a combination of four
translation procedures (procedures quartet) that is
transposition + descriptive translation + no equivalent +
modulation.
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma Tubuhan boru
Hasoman nasiam sayur matua
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan yang bisa jadi teman sampai sayur matua.
At TL, structural changes from SL (Sai + P1 + S1 + P2 +
S2), (S1 + S2 + Ket.) Became TL (To + S1 + P1 + S2 + P2 +
S3 + and S4 + can be + S5 + to + Ket.)
Furthermore, using a procedure which is not given
equivalent to the temporal interpreter cite only the original
language (Simalungun). The word "sayur matua" in SL is
translated as "sayur matua" in TL.
Modulation procedure is shown in the underlined sentence:
SL: Sai tubuhan anakma Tubuhan boru
Hasoman nasiam sayur matua
TL:
Agar
pengantin
diberkati
Tuhan
memperoleh/melahirkan anak laki – laki
dan perempuan yang bisa jadi teman sampai sayur matua.
4.2. Result of the Research
All data analyzed are 15 data. The researcher identifies
that there are 11 data using a single procedure, 3 data using
the couplet procedure and 1 data using quartet procedure.
The translation is done by a translator with the procedure
which can be described as follows.
Tabel 7. Presentage of Recaputalation in Translating Procedure.
No
1
2
3
Translating Procedure
Single Procedure
Couplet Procedure
Quartet Procedure
Total
Number
11
3
1
15
Persentage
73,3%
20,0%
6,7%
100%
From the results mentioned above, it can be understood
that the procedures used by the translator to translate the text
of Makhioui in Wedding Ceremony in Simalungun consist of
3 translation procedures that is 1) single procedure, 2)
couplet procedure, and 3) quartet procedure. The results
show that a single procedure is more compared with other
International Journal of Language and Linguistics 2016; 4(1): 30-39
procedures. The comparison can be seen in the following
table.
Table 8. Comparison of Single and Double Procedures.
No
1
2
Translating Procedure
Single Procedure
Dauble Procedure
Jumlah
Number
11
4
15
and relatively accurate because it does not create a distorted
meaning.
A.2 Less Accurate Translation
Data are classified as less accurate:
Persentage
73,3%
26,7%
100%
4.3. Quality of the Translation
SL
The quality of the translation in the translated text of
wedding ceremony Makhioui in Simalungun to Indonesian
language is summarized in Table 10 below.
Table 9. Quality of the Translation.
No
1.
2.
3.
element of quality
accuracy
acceptance
Readability
total
number
7
9
8
24
Persentage
46,6%
60%
53,3%
100%
A. The Accuracy Level of Message
Data source in this study is 15. Of these, 7 data are an
accurate translation, 8 data are including inaccurate
translation. Target data included in the second category are
described below.
A. 1 Accurate Translation
Sai
tubuh
an
laklakma
Semoga
lahir
lah
kulit kayu
Tubuh
an
tobu
Lahir
lah
tebu
SL
Sai
tubuh
an
anakma
Semoga
lahir
lah
anak laki - laki
Tubuh
an
boru
Lahir
lah
anak perempuan
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki- laki
dan perempuan.
The above data is translated using the procedure
transposition + modulation (couplet procedures couplets),
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
Semoga
an
lah
Hasoman
Teman
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
dolog
bukit
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
I
Di
Sai
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
dolog
bukit
Tubuh
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu/sikkorung
tebu/kalung
ni Purba Tua
nya Purba Tua
an anak
ma Tubuh
anak
laki
–
lah
lah lahir
laki
Semoga
lahir
an
lah
Hasoman
Teman
boru
anak perempuan
nasiam
sayur
kalian
sampai
matua
tua
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang bisa jadi
teman sampai sayur matua.
The above data are decoded by using a combination of
four translation procedures (quartet procedures ).
The above data is classified as less accurate because there
is an untranslated phrase eg. "sayur matua".
The level of the acceptability of translation
B.1 The Acceptability of Translation
SL
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
Sai
Semoga
Tubuh
Lahir
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
tubuh
lahir
an
lah
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu
tebu
an
anakma
lah
anak laki - laki
boru
anak perempuan
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki- laki
dan perempuan.
B.2 Less Acceptabile Translation
There are as many as 5 data is classified as a translation
less acceptable:
an
laklakma
lah
kulit kayu
tobu/sikkorung
tebu/kalung
ni
Purba Tua
nya
Purba Tua
Tubuh
an
anak
lahir
lah
anak laki – laki
boru
anak perempuan
nasiam
sayur
kalian
sampai
37
ma
lah
Tubuh
lahir
matua
tua
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh /
melahirkan anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang bisa jadi
teman sampai sayur matua.
B. Readability of Translation
C.1 High Readability of Translation
This study identifies as many as 8 data that belongs to this
category, namely:
38
SL
Rohdearni Wati Sipayung et al.: Research on Translated Text of Makhioui in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony into Indonesia Language
Bittang
na
Bintang
yang
Ombun
na
Embun
yang
Anak
Anak laki – laki
Boru
Anak perempuan
rumiris
banyak
sumorop
banyak
pe
riris
pun
banyak
pe
torop
pun
banyak
TL: Agar pengantin diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak.
C.2 Medium Readability of Translation
Riahni
Kesepakatan/kebersamaan
SL
Hotang
panakkat
Rotan
pengikat
Ulang
Jangan
Podas
hanami
kami
martupang
punya
keturunan
Cepat
parpokkalan
tempat berkumpul,
kedai/warung
para
tempat meletakkan
sesuatu
ngolngolan
tertunggu - tunggu
ma
abara
lah
bahu
TL: Agar pengantin cepat diberkati Tuhan memperoleh
keturunan, jangan sampai orangtua (tondong) lama menanti.
5. Conclusion
It has been explained that the aim of this study is to
formulate a translation procedure applied in translating
umpasa / poem contained in the text Makhioui at the wedding
ceremony of the Simalungun language into Indonesia
language and assess the impact of the translation procedures
on the quality of the translation. From the data analysis, it
can be concluded as follows:
a Translators in translating umpasa without sampiran of
the fifteenth umpasa presented in text Makhioui in
wedding ceremony.
b Sampiran only sustains the contents of Umpasa as a
good rhyme. It should be a good philosophical
relationship between sampiran and content.
c The purpose of the Makhioui translator translates text
on a traditional wedding party from Simalungun
language into Indonesia language in such a way that the
book can be used by many people.
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