Chapter 3 Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction

  difference

Chapter 3 Study Questions What are emotions and moods? What do emotions and moods influence

  behavior in organizations? What are attitudes? What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

  What are emotions and moods?

Affects

  Broad range of feelings, in the form of

• moods and emotions, that people experience in their life context.

  Emotions are strong positive or negative

   feelings directed toward something. What are emotions and moods?

Emotional intelligence (EI)

  Ability to understand emotions and manage

• relationships effectively.

What are emotions and moods?

Se lf- Aw are ne ss Social Awareness Social Awareness

  Self Management Self Management

  Rel ations hip Ma na gem ent Emotional Intelligence Four Dimensions of Emotionally Intelligent Leadership What are emotions and moods? Joy Joy

  Sadness Sadness

  Love Love

  Anger Anger

  Surprise Surprise

  Fear Fear

  Major Emotions

  

What are emotions and moods?

Self conscious emotions

  Arise from internal sources (shame, guilt,

• embarrassment, pride) and help regulate interpersonal relationships.

Social emotions

  Arise from external sources (pity, jealousy) and refer

• to individuals’ feelings based on information external to themselves.

  

What are emotions and moods?

Moods

  Generalized positive or negative feelings or states of mind.

  

What are emotions and moods?

Emotions “I was really angry when Prof.

  Nitpicker criticized my presentation”

  Emotions “I was really angry when Prof.

  Nitpicker criticized my presentation”

  Moods “Oh, I just don’t have the energy to do much today. I’ve felt down all week.”

  Moods “Oh, I just don’t have the energy to do much today. I’ve felt down all week.”

• Identified with a source, cause
• Identified with a source, cause
• Hard to identify cause
• Hard to identify cause
• Tend to be brief, episodic
• Tend to be brief, episodic
• Can be long lasting
• Can be long lasting
• Many forms and types
• Many forms and types
• Either positive or negative
• Either positive or negative
• Action oriented; link to behavior
• Action oriented; link to behavior
• More cerebral; less action oriented
• More cerebral; less action oriented
• Can turn into a mood
• Can turn into a mood
• Can influence emotion
• Can influence emotion

How do emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations?

  

Emotion and mood contagion – spillover effects of

one’s emotions and mood onto others.

  Emotional labor – regulating one’s emotions to display those desired by the organization.

  Emotional dissonance – inconsistencies between emotions we feel and emotions we project.

  How do emotions and moods

influence behavior in organizations?

Deep acting

  Trying to modify your true inner feelings

• based on display rules.

Surface acting

  Hiding true feelings while displaying different

• ones.

How do emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations?

Display rules

  Informal standards that govern the degree

• to which it is appropriate for people from different cultures to display their emotions.

How do emotions and moods

influence behavior in organizations?

Positive affect

• tendency to be perceptually positive

  Negative affect

• tend to experience negative moods in a wide range of settings and under many different conditions

How do emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations?

  Work Environment:

• Characteristics of job
• Characteristics of job
• Job demands
• Emotional labor requirements
• Job demands
• Emotional labor requirements

Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction Job Performance Job Performance Work Environment:

Emotional Reactions:

Emotional Reactions:

Work Events:

Work Events:

• Daily hassles
• Daily hassles
• Positive • Negative
• Positive • Negative
• Daily uplifts
• Daily uplifts

  Personal Predispositions :

Personal Predispositions:

• Personality • Mood
• Personality • Mood

What are attitudes?

Attitude

  Predisposition to respond in a positive or

• negative way to someone or something in one’s environment.

What are attitudes?

Cognitive component

  Underlying beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information a

• person possesses.

Affective component

  Specific feeling regarding the personal impact of the

• antecedents.

Behavioral component

  Intention to behave in a certain way based on your specific

• feelings or attitudes.

What are attitudes?

ANTECEDENTS ANTECEDENTS

ATTITUDE ATTITUDE

RESULT RESULT

• Values • “Job responsibility is important.”
• Feelings • “I don’t like my job.”
• Intended behavior.
• Values • “Job responsibility is important.”
• Feelings • “I don’t like my job.”
• Intended behavior.
• “I’m going to quit my job.”
• “I’m going to quit my job.”

What are attitudes?

Cognitive dissonance

  A psychologically disturbing state of inconsistency

• between an individual’s attitudes and his or her behavior.

Cognitive dissonance can be reduced by: Changing the underlying attitude

• Changing future behavior.
• Developing new ways of explaining or rationalizing
• the inconsistency.

  What are attitudes?

Job satisfaction

  An attitude that reflects whether individuals feel

• positively or negatively about their jobs.

Job Involvement

  Degree to which individuals are dedicated to their

• jobs.

  Organizational Commitment Degree of loyalty to the organization.

  What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Five facets of job satisfaction:

• The work itself
• Quality of supervision
• Relationships with co-workers
• Promotion opportunities
• Pay

Your experience…

  The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) is a questionnaire that addresses aspects of satisfaction with which good managers should be concerned.

  Take the sample

  What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Withdrawal effects

  Dissatisfied workers are absent more frequently, are

• not engaged in their work (daydreaming, socializing, web surfing), and are more likely to quit. Employee turnover results in costly corporate
• impact:

  Loss of talent

   Replacement cost  What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Organizational Citizenship

  Behaviors that represent employees’

• willingness to go the extra mile in their work.

  Advancing organizational interests, positive  attitudes and public comments.

  Helping behaviors that are unsolicited

   (volunteering, mentoring). What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Relationship between satisfaction and performance – three theories:

  Satisfaction causes performance.

• Performance causes satisfaction.
• Rewards cause satisfaction and
• performance.

What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Theory: Satisfaction causes performance

  Managerial implication — to increase

• employees’ work performance, make them happy. Job satisfaction alone is not a consistent
• predictor of work performance.

  What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Theory: performance causes satisfaction

  Managerial implication — help people achieve

• high performance, then satisfaction will follow. Performance in a given time period is related to
>satisfaction in a later time period. Rewards link performance with later satisfaction.

What is job satisfaction and what are its implications?

Theory: rewards cause both satisfaction and performance

  Managerial implication — Proper allocation of rewards can

• positively influence both satisfaction and performance.

  High job satisfaction and performance-contingent rewards
• influence a person’s work performance. Size and value of the reward should vary in proportion to
• the level of one’s performance.

What do you think…

  

If you won the lotto, would you ever work

again? Consider the meanings we derive from work (social identity, accomplishment, achievement). How would replace these?