CODE SWITCHING FOUND IN INDONESIAN REALITY SHOW "GAUL BARENG BULE" ASOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY.
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas alih kode yang digunakan oleh pembawa acara dalam
program acara hiburan “Gaul Bareng Bule”. Penelitian ini fokus pada tipe dan fungsi
alih kode dimana alih kode terjadi antara dua bahasa yang berbeda, yaitu bahasa
Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Penulis menganalisis tipe – tipe dan fungsi alih kode
serta alasan yang mempengaruhi pembicara beralih kode dalam program tersebut.
Data diperoleh dengan cara mengunduh acara tv tersebut dari youtube. Penelitian
yang dilakukan menggunakan metode yang dikemukakan oleh Sudaryanto, yaitu
pengumpulan data dengan metode simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat, selain itu
analisis data dengan menggunakan metode padan pragmatik dan mengaplikasikan
teori Gumperz (1982), kemudian dalam tahap akhir merupakan tahap penyajian hasil
analisis yang menggunakan metode formal dan informal.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tipe – tipe dan fungsi alih kode
yang terdapat dalam program acara hiburan “Gaul Bareng Bule” dengan
menggunakan teori Blom dan Gumperz (1982). Dari hasil analisis ditemukan 2 tipe
dari alih kode dalam program Gaul Bareng Bule” yaitu alih kode situasional
sebanyak 10 data dan diikuti oleh alih kode metaforis sebanyak 5 data, selain itu
terdapat 4 fungsi alih kode yang ditemukan diantaranya spesifikasi lawan bicara
adresse specification sebanyak 10 data, pengulangan kembali makna dalam suatu
pesan reiteration sebanyak 3 data, interjeksi interjection sebanyak 1 data dan penjelas
pesan message qualification sebanyak 1 data. Dari data yang ditemukan tipe alih kode
situational menjadi bagian yang dominan karena alih kode yang terjadi pada
pembawa acara tidak menambahkan makna atau arti lain ketika percakapan dengan
bintang tamu sedang berlangsung, alih kode situational ini terjadi hanya pada saat
berubahnya situasi dan peserta. Sedangkan dalam fungsi alih kode ditemukan bahwa
lawan bicara adresse specification menjadi bagian yang paling dominan disebabkan
karena pembawa acara seringkali menyampaikan pesan kepada bintang tamu baik
untuk individu maupun kelompok.
Kata Kunci: Alih Kode, Gaul Bareng Bule
ii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Code switching can occur in any kinds of conversation whether in formal or
informal situation. There are many factors that influence the use of code switching.
One of them is human ability to learn more than one language. Speaker who can
speak two or more languages called multilingual. “People who are bilingual or
multilingual do not necessarily have exactly the same abilities in the languages or
varieties” (Wardhaugh, 2006:99). They usually speak more than one language in their
command engaging speakers and counterpart. The reason people choose one among
available varieties when they engage in a conversation may be due to message and
situational background the condition affected by age, sex, education, and social class.
So, the aim when someone switches the language is to help the counterpart to
understand the conversation. “Bilingual is a person who has an ability to speak into
languages or more alternately when the speaker speaks to someone” (Weinrich in
Hoffman, 1996: 15).
Code switching is a language phenomenon which is commonly found in a
speech community. It is also commonly used by people with different language
which uses more than one language background when they are involved in a
conversation. According to Coulmas (2005:110) “Code switching occurs where the
1
speakers are aware of the two varieties being distinct and are able to keep them apart,
although they may not do so habitually and may not be conscious of every switch
they make”.
‘Gaul bareng bule’ is a program reality show in Trans TV which invites
tourist to do some activities such as playing a game. This show is aimed to entertain
the audiences. The guess stars usually use English and Indonesia however the hosts
often switch from Indonesia into English as found in the following script.
Zaskia
: ‘you ever try Padang food before?’
Bryan
: ‘no’
Zaskia
: ‘Pak yang paling favorit disini apa?’
Servant
: ‘banyak, gulai ada’
Zaskia
: ‘yang paling bule gak suka tapi yah’
Zaskia
: ‘So, we have challenge here, this is normally what the waiters do
when they services food. So they put the plate for hand, can until six
plates. So we wait there and the waiters gonna tell you how to do it’.
(episode Randang Padang Gaul Bareng Bule, YouTube, November 24, 2012,)
In this episode the host was Zaskia and the guess star was Bryan, a British
man. Zaskia speaks English to Bryan and she switched into the servant. She uses
Indonesian when she speaks to the servant because she probably knows that the
servant cannot speak English. Stereotypically, padang restoran servants are consider
low middle class in many social aspect especially in educational aspect. Zaskia
switched her code to Indonesian regarding to the servant social background. For
2
example, Zaskia asks Bryan a question in English, she says ‘You ever try Padang
food before’ and Bryan answer ‘no’. When Zaskia speaks to the servant, she switch
the language ‘Pak yang paling favorit disini apa?’
1.2
Identification the Problem
This thesis investigates code switching in the occurrence of the hosts of a
reality show and the guess star who are an Indonesian that are proposed here. They
are:
1. What are the types of code switching which occur in Gaul Bareng Bule reality
show?
2. What are the functions of code switching used by the speakers in the reality
show?
1.3
The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to analyze the types and functions of code
switching found in the reality show ‘Gaul Bareng Bule’. The study focuses on code
switching between Indonesian and English language used by the program’s host and
the guest star.
1.4
Scope of the Study
In this research, the writer used the typology of code switching proposed by
Gumperz (1982). There are two types of code switching; they are situational code
3
switching and metaphorical code switching. Situational switching is code switching
which accompany change the topic and participant. Metaphorical switching occurs in
a situation which increase meaning in an utterance component. Moreover Gumperz
(1982) classified the function of code switching into quotation, addressee
specification, interjection or sentence filler, reiteration, and message qualification
(Gumperz, 1982:75-81).
1.5
Methods of the Research
The data are taken from YouTube website. The source of data is the reality
shows “Gaul Bareng Bule”. The data is limited only to conversations between the
program’s host and the guest stars who mostly switch the language. The data is
limited from August until December 2012, when the program was aired live at Trans
TV.
The writer chooses the reality show ‘Gaul Bareng Bule’ because the program
won favorite TV programs awards in 2012 for the best favorite reality show program.
The writer uses some methods to answer the research question. The method are
collecting data, analyzing the data, and presenting the result of analysis.
In collecting data, the writer collects some sources which are relevant to the
theory. The writer applies non participant observation method by Sudaryanto
(1988:5). The data are collected from the reality show and by downloading from
YouTube. Afterwards the writer begins to watch the reality shows and made the
4
transcript, the listed all code switching found in ‘gaul bareng bule’ and then classify
the utterance included into code switching as the data of this research. While
watching the video, the writer also notes the important things from the dialogue
focused only to dialogues engaging the program’s host and the guest star. In this step,
the writer uses note taking technique as proposed by Sudaryanto (1988:5).
In analyzing the data, the writer uses the theory of code switching proposed
by Blom and Gumperz (1982). It is used to analyze the types of code switching and
the function of code switching. The writer also used theory Hymes speaking to
analysis the context which happens in this data. The writer applies pragmatic identity
method (Sudaryanto, 1993). The writer used interlocutor reaction to determine
whether code switching is working or not. The theory is sufficient to describe also to
elaborate the types and function of code switching, moreover the writer applies
referential (Identity) method because the data is analyzed based on the dialogue of the
program’s host during conversations with the guest star.
In the final step of the research, the writer presents the result. Both using
formal and informal method. The research employs formal method which means the
finding is elaborated through verbal description and informal method where the
finding is described by using the table.
5
Skripsi ini membahas alih kode yang digunakan oleh pembawa acara dalam
program acara hiburan “Gaul Bareng Bule”. Penelitian ini fokus pada tipe dan fungsi
alih kode dimana alih kode terjadi antara dua bahasa yang berbeda, yaitu bahasa
Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Penulis menganalisis tipe – tipe dan fungsi alih kode
serta alasan yang mempengaruhi pembicara beralih kode dalam program tersebut.
Data diperoleh dengan cara mengunduh acara tv tersebut dari youtube. Penelitian
yang dilakukan menggunakan metode yang dikemukakan oleh Sudaryanto, yaitu
pengumpulan data dengan metode simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat, selain itu
analisis data dengan menggunakan metode padan pragmatik dan mengaplikasikan
teori Gumperz (1982), kemudian dalam tahap akhir merupakan tahap penyajian hasil
analisis yang menggunakan metode formal dan informal.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tipe – tipe dan fungsi alih kode
yang terdapat dalam program acara hiburan “Gaul Bareng Bule” dengan
menggunakan teori Blom dan Gumperz (1982). Dari hasil analisis ditemukan 2 tipe
dari alih kode dalam program Gaul Bareng Bule” yaitu alih kode situasional
sebanyak 10 data dan diikuti oleh alih kode metaforis sebanyak 5 data, selain itu
terdapat 4 fungsi alih kode yang ditemukan diantaranya spesifikasi lawan bicara
adresse specification sebanyak 10 data, pengulangan kembali makna dalam suatu
pesan reiteration sebanyak 3 data, interjeksi interjection sebanyak 1 data dan penjelas
pesan message qualification sebanyak 1 data. Dari data yang ditemukan tipe alih kode
situational menjadi bagian yang dominan karena alih kode yang terjadi pada
pembawa acara tidak menambahkan makna atau arti lain ketika percakapan dengan
bintang tamu sedang berlangsung, alih kode situational ini terjadi hanya pada saat
berubahnya situasi dan peserta. Sedangkan dalam fungsi alih kode ditemukan bahwa
lawan bicara adresse specification menjadi bagian yang paling dominan disebabkan
karena pembawa acara seringkali menyampaikan pesan kepada bintang tamu baik
untuk individu maupun kelompok.
Kata Kunci: Alih Kode, Gaul Bareng Bule
ii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Code switching can occur in any kinds of conversation whether in formal or
informal situation. There are many factors that influence the use of code switching.
One of them is human ability to learn more than one language. Speaker who can
speak two or more languages called multilingual. “People who are bilingual or
multilingual do not necessarily have exactly the same abilities in the languages or
varieties” (Wardhaugh, 2006:99). They usually speak more than one language in their
command engaging speakers and counterpart. The reason people choose one among
available varieties when they engage in a conversation may be due to message and
situational background the condition affected by age, sex, education, and social class.
So, the aim when someone switches the language is to help the counterpart to
understand the conversation. “Bilingual is a person who has an ability to speak into
languages or more alternately when the speaker speaks to someone” (Weinrich in
Hoffman, 1996: 15).
Code switching is a language phenomenon which is commonly found in a
speech community. It is also commonly used by people with different language
which uses more than one language background when they are involved in a
conversation. According to Coulmas (2005:110) “Code switching occurs where the
1
speakers are aware of the two varieties being distinct and are able to keep them apart,
although they may not do so habitually and may not be conscious of every switch
they make”.
‘Gaul bareng bule’ is a program reality show in Trans TV which invites
tourist to do some activities such as playing a game. This show is aimed to entertain
the audiences. The guess stars usually use English and Indonesia however the hosts
often switch from Indonesia into English as found in the following script.
Zaskia
: ‘you ever try Padang food before?’
Bryan
: ‘no’
Zaskia
: ‘Pak yang paling favorit disini apa?’
Servant
: ‘banyak, gulai ada’
Zaskia
: ‘yang paling bule gak suka tapi yah’
Zaskia
: ‘So, we have challenge here, this is normally what the waiters do
when they services food. So they put the plate for hand, can until six
plates. So we wait there and the waiters gonna tell you how to do it’.
(episode Randang Padang Gaul Bareng Bule, YouTube, November 24, 2012,)
In this episode the host was Zaskia and the guess star was Bryan, a British
man. Zaskia speaks English to Bryan and she switched into the servant. She uses
Indonesian when she speaks to the servant because she probably knows that the
servant cannot speak English. Stereotypically, padang restoran servants are consider
low middle class in many social aspect especially in educational aspect. Zaskia
switched her code to Indonesian regarding to the servant social background. For
2
example, Zaskia asks Bryan a question in English, she says ‘You ever try Padang
food before’ and Bryan answer ‘no’. When Zaskia speaks to the servant, she switch
the language ‘Pak yang paling favorit disini apa?’
1.2
Identification the Problem
This thesis investigates code switching in the occurrence of the hosts of a
reality show and the guess star who are an Indonesian that are proposed here. They
are:
1. What are the types of code switching which occur in Gaul Bareng Bule reality
show?
2. What are the functions of code switching used by the speakers in the reality
show?
1.3
The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to analyze the types and functions of code
switching found in the reality show ‘Gaul Bareng Bule’. The study focuses on code
switching between Indonesian and English language used by the program’s host and
the guest star.
1.4
Scope of the Study
In this research, the writer used the typology of code switching proposed by
Gumperz (1982). There are two types of code switching; they are situational code
3
switching and metaphorical code switching. Situational switching is code switching
which accompany change the topic and participant. Metaphorical switching occurs in
a situation which increase meaning in an utterance component. Moreover Gumperz
(1982) classified the function of code switching into quotation, addressee
specification, interjection or sentence filler, reiteration, and message qualification
(Gumperz, 1982:75-81).
1.5
Methods of the Research
The data are taken from YouTube website. The source of data is the reality
shows “Gaul Bareng Bule”. The data is limited only to conversations between the
program’s host and the guest stars who mostly switch the language. The data is
limited from August until December 2012, when the program was aired live at Trans
TV.
The writer chooses the reality show ‘Gaul Bareng Bule’ because the program
won favorite TV programs awards in 2012 for the best favorite reality show program.
The writer uses some methods to answer the research question. The method are
collecting data, analyzing the data, and presenting the result of analysis.
In collecting data, the writer collects some sources which are relevant to the
theory. The writer applies non participant observation method by Sudaryanto
(1988:5). The data are collected from the reality show and by downloading from
YouTube. Afterwards the writer begins to watch the reality shows and made the
4
transcript, the listed all code switching found in ‘gaul bareng bule’ and then classify
the utterance included into code switching as the data of this research. While
watching the video, the writer also notes the important things from the dialogue
focused only to dialogues engaging the program’s host and the guest star. In this step,
the writer uses note taking technique as proposed by Sudaryanto (1988:5).
In analyzing the data, the writer uses the theory of code switching proposed
by Blom and Gumperz (1982). It is used to analyze the types of code switching and
the function of code switching. The writer also used theory Hymes speaking to
analysis the context which happens in this data. The writer applies pragmatic identity
method (Sudaryanto, 1993). The writer used interlocutor reaction to determine
whether code switching is working or not. The theory is sufficient to describe also to
elaborate the types and function of code switching, moreover the writer applies
referential (Identity) method because the data is analyzed based on the dialogue of the
program’s host during conversations with the guest star.
In the final step of the research, the writer presents the result. Both using
formal and informal method. The research employs formal method which means the
finding is elaborated through verbal description and informal method where the
finding is described by using the table.
5