Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Tiga Kabupaten Pidie

ABSTRAK

Stunting merupakan salah satu keadaan kurang gizi kronis diukur
menggunakan indikator TB/U disebabkan oleh multifaktor. Prevalensi stunting secara
nasional sebesar 37,2% termasuk dalam masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang
dianggap berat. Faktor risiko stuntingantara lain pola pengasuhan, penyakit infeksi
seperti diare dan Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Atas, berat badan lahir, dan pemberian
ASI Eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian
stunting pada anak balita.
Desain penelitian adalah kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja
Puskesmas Muara Tiga Kabupaten Pidie. Kasus adalah anak balita stunting sebanyak
70 anak dan kontrol adalah anak balita yang tidak stunting sebanyak 70 anak. Data
penelitian dikumpulkan dengan melakukan obeservasi dan wawancara responden
yaitu ibu-ibu menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis
univariat, analisis bivariat, analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda
dan perhitungan Population Attributable Risk (PAR) dengan interval kepercayaan
95%.
Hasil regresi logistik ganda diperoleh faktor risiko kejadian stunting adalah
pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan pola asuh perawatan kesehatan. Sebagai faktor risiko
yang paling dominanadalah pemberian ASI Eksklusif (Exp(B)=3,667 CI 95% ; 1,25010,758). Hasil perhitungan Population Attributable Risk (PAR) pemberian ASI
Eksklusif diperoleh 59% artinya pemberian ASI Eksklusif akan menurunkan kejadian

stunting pada anak balita sebesar 59%.
Faktor risiko yang paling dominan terhadap kejadian stunting yaitu riwayat
pemberian ASI Eksklusif.Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk memberikan
penyuluhan tentang pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi baru lahir sebagai upaya
menurunkan angka kejadian stunting pada anak balita.

Kata Kunci : Stunting, Pola Pengasuhan, ASI Eksklusif, Anak Balita

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRACT

Stunting is one of chronic malnutrition problems, measured by TB/U indicator
and caused by multi-factors. Nationally, the prevalence of stunting is 37.2%,
including serious public health problems. The risk factors for stunting were parenting
pattern, infections disease such as diarrhea, and upper respiratory tract infection,
life-birth weight, and exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of the research was to
find out the risk factors for the incidence of stunting in under five years-old children.
The design of research was case-control which the population was 70

stunting and 70 non-stunting under five years-old children conducted in the working
area of Muara Tiga Puskesmas Pidie District. The data were gathered by conducting
observation and interviews with mothers as the respondents using the questionnaire.
The gathered data were analyzed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis,
multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression analysis and the Population
Attributable Risk (PAR) with the significance interval of 95%.
The result of multiple logistic regression showed that risk factors for stunting
were exclusive breastfeeding and health care pattern. As the most dominant factor
was exclusive breastfeeding (Exp (β)=3.667 CI 95%; 1.250-10.758). The result of
Population Attributable Risk (PAR) showed that exclusive breastfeeding was 59%
means the exclusive breastfeeding will decrease incidence of stunting in under five
years-old children 59%..
The most dominant factor for the incidence of stunting in under five years-old
children was exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that health care providers
for counseling about breastfeeding newborn babies with exclusive breastfeeding in
order to decrease the incidence of stunting.

Keywords: Stunting, Parenting Pattern, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Under Five
Years-Old Children

vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara