Pola Pemberian Makan dan Statud Gizi Anak Balita Penderia ISPA di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batubara Tahun 2015

ABSTRAK
Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyakit
yang menyerang saluran pernafasan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Salah satu
faktor terjadinya penyakit ISPA pada balita pola pemberian makan dan status gizi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pemberian makan dan status gizi
anak balita penderita ISPA.
Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional.
Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 63 balita penderita Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan
Akut (ISPA) dengan teknik total sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data
primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan formulir food
recall 24 jam, formulir food frequency dan kuesioner, data sekunder diperoleh
dari Puskesmas Tanjung Tiram Kabupaten Batubara.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak balita penderita Infeksi Saluran
Pernafasan Akut umumnya pada kelompok umur 12-36 bulan, mayoritas
perempuan. Pola pemberian makan balita berdasarkan susunan makanan berada
dalam kategori tidak lengkap. Karbohidrat jenis nasi dan protein jenis ikan
masing-masing frekuensi makan 1-3x/hari. Asupan karbohidrat dan protein
umumnya kategori sedang. Vitamin A, zink dan zat besi umumnya kategori
defisit. Status gizi anak balita penderita ISPA menurut indeks BB/U terdapat
kategori sangat kurang 3,2%, dan kategori kurang 14,3%. Menurut indeks TB/U
terdapat kategori sangat pendek 9,5%, dan pendek 25,4%. Menurut indeks BB/TB

ditemukan kategori kurus 22,3%. Frekuensi kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan
Akut (ISPA) umumnya terjadi 2 kali sebulan.
Saran dari penelitian ini adalah kepada petugas kesehatan diharapkan
memfokuskan pelayanan tentang gizi sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi anak balita
untuk mendukung perbaikan gizi anak balita .
Kata Kunci : Pola Pemberian Makan, Status Gizi, Infeksi Saluran
Pernafasan Akut (ISPA), Balita

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ABSTRACT

Acut Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a disease of the respiratory tract
caused by bacteria. One of the factors the occurrence of respiratory disease in
infants is feeding patterns and nutritional status. The present research is aimed to
know feeding pattern and nutritional status in toddler with respiratory infection.
Types of this research was descriptive by cross sectional design. The
samples were 63 toddler by total sampling methode. The data used were primary
and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through interviews using
food recall 24-hour, food frequency form and questionnaire, secondary data

obtained from Tanjung Tiram Health Centre in Batubara District.
The results showed toddler with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) were
at age group 12-36 month, dominated by girls. Feeding patterns for toddlers
based on food arrangements was incomplete category. Frequency carbohidrat
from rice and protein from fish comsumption was each 1-3 time a day.
Carbohydrates and protein intake were in medium category. Vitamin A, zink and
iron were in defisit category. Nutritional status of toddler with Acute Respiratory
Infection (ARI) based on weight age indeks category were severe wasting
category as much as 3.2%, wasting category as much us 14,3%. Based on height
age indeks category were severe stunting category as much us 9.5%, stunting
category as much as 25.4% short. Base on weight height indeks category were
underweight category as much as 22.3%. Frequency of Acute Respiratory
Infections occurence 2 times a month.
Suggestion of this research was to health official are expected to focus on
nutrition services in according to nutritional needs to support improved nutrition
of toddler.
Key words : feeding patterns, nutritional status, Acute Respiratory Infections
(ARI), toddler

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